by Demosthenes
[10] To him there was born a daughter, Cleitomachê by name, whom he wished to give in marriage to his own brother, who was still unmarried; but since Archiades declared that he did not wish to marry, and for this reason allowed the property to remain undivided, and lived by himself in Salamis, Meidylides at length gave his daughter in marriage to Aristoteles of Pallenê, my grandfather. Of them were born three sons, Aristodemus here, my father, and Habronichus, my uncle, and Meidylides, who is now dead. Our right of inheritance, based on kinship in the family to which the estate belongs, is, men of the jury, substantially this.
[11] καὶ ἡ μὲν τοῦ γένους ἀγχιστεία τοῦ ἡμετέρου, ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν ὁ κλῆρος, σχεδὸν οὕτως ἔχει, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί. Ἀρχιάδῃ γὰρ πρὸς ἀνδρῶν ἡμεῖς μὲν γένει ἐγγυτάτω, καὶ κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν νόμον ἀξιοῦντες τῆς ἐκείνου οὐσίας κληρονομεῖν καὶ τὸ γένος μὴ περιιδεῖν ἐξερημωθέν, ἐλάχομεν πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα τοῦ κλήρου: οὗτοι δὲ ἔχοντες οὐ δικαίως τὰ χρήματα διαμεμαρτυρήκασι νυνί, τὸ μὲν ὅλον ἰσχυριζόμενοι ποιήσει, φάσκοντες δὲ καὶ συγγενεῖς εἶναι.
[11] For we are the nearest of kin to Archiades in the male line, and, as we deemed it right according to this law that we should inherit his estate, and not allow the family to be brought to extinction, we brought suit for the inheritance before the archon. Our opponents, who hold the property without right, have now filed an affidavit of objections, basing their entire claim upon adoption, but alleging also that they are near of kin.
[12] περὶ μὲν οὖν ταύτης τῆς ποιήσεως, ὃν τρόπον ἔχει, σαφῶς ὑμᾶς ὕστερον διδάξομεν: περὶ δὲ τοῦ γένους, ὡς οὐκ εἰσὶν ἡμῶν ἐγγυτέρω, τοῦτο δεῖ μαθεῖν ὑμᾶς. ἓν μὲν οὖν ὁμολογεῖται, τὸ κρατεῖν τῶν κληρονόμων τοὺς ἄρρενας καὶ τοὺς ἐκ τῶν ἀρρένων: ἁπλῶς γὰρ τοῖς ἐγγυτάτω πρὸς ἀνδρῶν, ὅταν μὴ παῖδες ὦσιν, ὁ νόμος τὰς κληρονομίας ἀποδίδωσιν. οὗτοι δ᾽ ἐσμὲν ἡμεῖς: ἄπαις μὲν γὰρ ὁ Ἀρχιάδης ὁμολογεῖται τετελευτηκέναι, τούτῳ δὲ πρὸς ἀνδρῶν ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν ἐγγυτάτω.
[12] Now, with regard to this adoption, we will show you plainly later on what its character was; but with reference to blood relationship, I must prove to you that they are not nearer of kin than we. One thing is admitted, that in the matter of inheritance males and those descended from males have the precedence, for the law explicitly gives the inheritance as their due to the nearest of kin in the male line, when there are no children. Well, it is we who answer this description; for Archiades is admitted to have died without issue, and we are the nearest of kin to him in the male line.
[13] πρὸς δὲ καὶ ἐκ γυναικῶν οἱ αὐτοὶ οὗτοι: ὁ γὰρ Μειδυλίδης ἀδελφὸς ἦν τοῦ Ἀρχιάδου, τοῦ δὲ Μειδυλίδου θυγάτηρ ἡ τοῦ ἐμοῦ πατρὸς μήτηρ, ὥστε γίγνεται Ἀρχιάδης, ὑπὲρ οὗ τοῦ κλήρου τὴν ἐπιδικασίαν ποιούμεθα νυνί, θεῖος τῇ τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ ἐμοῦ μητρὶ ἐκ πατραδέλφων, πρὸς ἀνδρῶν ἔχων τὴν συγγένειαν ταύτην καὶ οὐ πρὸς γυναικῶν. Λεώστρατος δ᾽ οὑτοσὶ γένει τε ἀπωτέρω ἐστὶν καὶ πρὸς γυναικῶν οἰκεῖος Ἀρχιάδῃ: ἡ γὰρ τοῦ Λεωκράτους μήτηρ τοῦ τούτου πατρὸς ἀδελφιδῆ ἦν τῷ Ἀρχιάδῃ ἐκείνῳ καὶ τῷ Μειδυλίδῃ, ἀφ᾽ ὧν ἡμεῖς ὄντες ἀξιοῦμεν τῆς κληρονομίας τυχεῖν.
[13] And furthermore, we are also his nearest of kin in the female line; for Meidylides was the brother of Archiades, and the daughter of Meidylides was the mother of my father, so that Archiades, for whose inheritance we are now prosecuting our claim, is uncle （ their fathers having been brothers） to the mother of my father, having this relationship in the male line, not in the female line. But Leostratus here is in kinship further removed, and is related to Archiades on the female side; for the mother of Leocrates, the father of the defendant, was niece to the Archiades in question and to Meidylides, as descendants of whom we claim the right to win the inheritance.
[14] πρῶτον μὲν οὖν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τὸ γένος ἡμῶν ὅτι οὕτως ἔχει ὥσπερ καὶ λέγομεν, ἀναγνώσεται ὑμῖν τὰς μαρτυρίας, ἔπειτα μετὰ ταῦτα τὸν νόμον αὐτὸν τὸν τοῖς τε γένεσι καὶ τοῖς ἐγγυτάτω πρὸς ἀνδρῶν τὰς κληρονομίας ἀποδιδόντα: τὰ γὰρ κεφάλαια τοῦ ἀγῶνος, καὶ ὑπὲρ ὧν ὀμωμοκότες οἴσετε τὴν ψῆφον, σχεδόν τι ταῦτ᾽ ἔστιν. καί μοι κάλει τούς τε μάρτυρας δευρὶ καὶ τὸν νόμον ἀναγίγνωσκε.”Μάρτυρες”“Νόμος”
[14] First, men of the jury, to prove that our pedigree is as I have stated, the clerk shall read you the depositions, and thereafter the law itself which awards inheritances to the families and to those nearest of kin in the male line. For, I take it, these are the essential points in the case and the matters upon which you cast your vote under oath.
Call the witnesses up here, please, and read the law.” Witnesses ““ Law”
[15] τὰ μὲν τοίνυν περὶ τὸ γένος τό τε τούτων καὶ τὸ ἡμέτερον οὕτως ἔχει, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὥστε τοὺς ἐπιδεδειχότας ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν μαρτυριῶν ὡς εἰσὶν γένει ἐγγυτέρω προσήκει κληρονομεῖν, καὶ μὴ τὴν τοῦ διαμαρτυρήσαντος ἀπόνοιαν κρείττω τῶν ὑμετέρων νόμων γενέσθαι. καὶ γὰρ εἰ τῇ ποιήσει ἰσχυρίζονται, ἣν ὡς ἐγένετο ἡμεῖς δείξομεν, τετελευτηκότος γε τοῦ εἰσποιηθέντος δήπου ἄπαιδος καὶ τοῦ οἴκου μέχρι τῆς ἡμετέρας λήξεως ἐξηρημωμένου, πῶς οὐ προσήκει τοὺς ἐγγυτάτω γένει ὄντας, τούτους τὴν κληρονομίαν κομίσασθαι, καὶ ὑμᾶς μὴ τοῖς δυναμένοις ἄριστα παρασκευάσασθαι, ἀλλὰ τοῖς ἀδικουμένοις τῶν πολιτῶν βοηθεῖν;
[15] Matters concerning their pedigree and concerning ours, men of the jury, stand thus, and so it is right that those who have proved on the basis of the affidavits themselves that they are nearer of kin, should have the inheritance, and that the madness of the one who made the affidavit of objections should not prove stronger than your laws. For if they lay stress on the adoption, the nature of which I shall make clear to you, yet surely after the death without issue of the adopted son, when the house up to the filing of our suit had become extinct, it is right that those who are nearest of kin should receive the inheritance, and that you should give your aid, not to those citizens who are able to get up the strongest backing, but to those who are suffering wrong.
[16] εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἐφ᾽ ἡμῖν ἦν ὥστε δείξασιν τὰ περὶ τοῦ γένους καὶ τῆς διαμαρτυρίας αὐτῆς καταβῆναι καὶ μηδενὸς ἔτι πλείονος λόγου προσδεῖσθαι, σχεδόν τι τῶν μεγίστων εἰρημένων οὐκ ἂν ἠνωχλοῦμεν τὰ πλείω. ἐπ�
�ιδὴ δὲ οὗτοι τοῖς μὲν νόμοις οὐκ ἐνισχυριοῦνται, τῷ δὲ προειληφέναι τι τῶν πραγμάτων ἐκ τοῦ ἄνωθεν χρόνου καὶ τῷ ἐμβεβατευκέναι εἰς τὴν οὐσίαν, τούτοις τεκμηρίοις χρώμενοι φήσουσι κληρονομεῖν, ἀναγκαῖον ἴσως καὶ περὶ τούτων ἐστὶν εἰπεῖν καὶ δεῖξαι τούτους πάντων ἀνθρώπων βιαιοτάτους ὄντας.
[16] If it had been in our power, after setting forth matters regarding the pedigree and the affidavit itself, to leave the platform, and to have no need of further words, since practically the most important arguments would have been advanced, we should not trouble you further. But since our opponents will not rely upon the laws, but through having forestalled us and got some control of the situation long ago, and through having entered into possession of the estate, will use these facts as proofs, and declare that they are the heirs, it is perhaps necessary to discuss these matters as well, and to prove that of all humankind our opponents are the most arbitrary.
[17] τὸ γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἐκδιδόασιν τὴν ἀδελφὴν τὴν ἑαυτῶν ὁ Μειδυλίδης καὶ ὁ Ἀρχιάδης Λεωστράτῳ Ἐλευσινίῳ: μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἐκ θυγατρὸς τῆς ἐκδοθείσης ἀδελφῆς ταύτης αὐτῶν γίγνεται Λεωκράτης ὁ πατὴρ Λεωστράτου τουτουί, σκέψασθε ὡς πολλοστὸς εἰς τὴν τοῦ Ἀρχιάδου συγγένειαν προσήκων, ὑπὲρ οὗ τὴν διαμαρτυρίαν πεποίηται. τούτων δ᾽ οὕτως ἐχόντων ὁ μὲν Ἀρχιάδης οὐκ ἐγάμει, ὁ δὲ Μειδυλίδης ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ, πάππος δὲ τουτουὶ ἔγημε.
[17] To go back to the beginning, men of the jury, Meidylides and Archiades gave their sister in marriage to Leostratus of Eleusis; and after a time from this sister of theirs, thus given in marriage, there was born Leocrates, the Iather of the defendant Leostratus; observe how distantly related he is to Archiades, regarding whom they have filed the affidavit of objections. When matters were as I have stated, Archiades did not marry, but his brother Meidylides, the grandfather of my father here, did marry.
[18] καὶ οὐδέπω τὴν οὐσίαν ἐνέμοντο, ἀλλ᾽ ἑκάτερος ἔχων τὰ ἱκανὰ ὁ μὲν Μειδυλίδης ἐν τῷ ἄστει διέμενεν, ὁ δὲ Ἀρχιάδης ἐν Σαλαμῖνι ᾤκει. οὐ πολλῷ δὲ χρόνῳ ὕστερον ἀποδημίας τινὸς εἰς τὴν ὑπερορίαν συμβάσης τῷ Μειδυλίδῃ τῷ πάππῳ τῷ τοῦ πατρός, ἠρρώστησεν ὁ Ἀρχιάδης, καὶ τελευτᾷ τὸν βίον ἀπόντος τοῦ Μειδυλίδου ἄγαμος ὤν. τί τούτου σημεῖον; λουτροφόρος ἐφέστηκεν ἐπὶ τῷ τοῦ Ἀρχιάδου τάφῳ.
[18] They made as yet no division of the property, but, both having enough to live on, Meidylides continued to live in the city, and Archiades made his home in Salamis. Not long afterward, when Meidylides, my father’s grandfather, happened to go on a journey out of the country, Archiades fell sick, and died during the absence of Meidylides, being still unmarried. What is the proof of this? A maiden bearing an urn for water stands upon the tomb of Archiades.
[19] ἐν δὲ τούτῳ τῷ καιρῷ ἔχων τὴν τῆς συγγενείας τῆς πρὸς γυναικῶν πρόφασιν Λεωκράτης ὁ τουτουὶ πατὴρ Λεωστράτου εἰσποιεῖ αὑτὸν υἱὸν τῷ Ἀρχιάδῃ, καὶ ἐνεβάτευσεν οὕτως εἰς τὴν οὐσίαν ὡς ὑπ᾽ ἐκείνου ζῶντος ἔτι εἰσποιηθείς. ἀφικόμενος δὲ ὁ Μειδυλίδης ἠγανάκτει τε τῷ γεγενημένῳ καὶ οἷος ἦν ἐπεξιέναι τῷ Λεωκράτει: πειθόντων δὲ τῶν οἰκείων καὶ δεομένων ἐᾶν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ εἶναι τὸν Λεωκράτην υἱὸν εἰσποιητὸν τῷ Ἀρχιάδῃ, συνεχώρησεν ὁ Μειδυλίδης, οὐχ ἡττηθεὶς ἐν δικαστηρίῳ, ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν ὅλον ὑπὸ τούτων ἀπατηθείς, ἔπειτα μέντοι καὶ τοῖς οἰκείοις πειθόμενος.
[19] At this juncture Leocrates, the father of Leostratus here, on the pretext of his relationship on the female side, got himself adopted as son to Archiades, and so entered into possession of the estate, as though he had been adopted by Archiades during his lifetime. When Meidylides returned, he was incensed at what had been done, and was in a mood to enter suit against Leocrates; but under the persuasion of his relatives and their pleas that he should suffer Leocrates to remain in the family as the son by adoption of Archiades, he yielded the point, — not through losing his case in court, but absolutely through being deceived by these men here and partly also through giving way to the persuasion of his relatives.
[20] καὶ ὁ μὲν Μειδυλίδης ταῦτα πράξας τελευτᾷ τὸν βίον, ὁ δὲ Λεωκράτης εἶχεν τὴν τοῦ Ἀρχιάδου οὐσίαν καὶ ἐκληρονόμει πολλὰ ἔτη ὡς ἂν ἐκείνου υἱὸς ποιητός: ἡμεῖς δὲ παρὰ τὸ τὸν Μειδυλίδην ταῦτα συγχωρῆσαι ἡσυχίαν εἴχομεν. χρόνῳ δ᾽ ὕστερον οὐ πολλῷ — τοῖς γὰρ μετὰ ταῦτα λόγοις ἤδη σφόδρα τὸν νοῦν προσέχετε, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί:
[20] After this experience Meidylides died, and Leocrates continued in possession of the estate of Archiades, and conducted himself as heir for many years, as being his adopted son; and we, on our part, inasmuch as Meidylides had made this concession, refrained from action. No long time afterwards, however, — and now, men of the jury, pay close heed to what I am about to say —
[21] ὁ γὰρ Λεωκράτης ὁ εἰσποιητὸς γενόμενος τῷ Ἀρχιάδῃ, ἐγκαταλιπὼν τουτονὶ Λεώστρατον ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ υἱὸν γνήσιον, ἐπανῆλθεν αὐτὸς εἰς τοὺς Ἐλευσινίους, ὅθεν ἦν τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς. καὶ οὐδ᾽ ἐνταῦθα οὐδέπω ἡμεῖς οὐδὲν τῶν πραγμάτων τῶν περὶ τὸν κλῆρον ἐκινοῦμεν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐμένομεν ἐπὶ τῶν αὐτῶν.
[21] Leocrates, who had become son by adoption to Archiades, himself returned to the Eleusinians, to whom he originally belonged, leaving Leostratus here in the family as a lawfully born son. Even then we did not as yet disturb any of the arrangements regarding the estate, but continued as before.
[22] πάλιν τοίνυν Λεώστρατος αὐτὸς οὑτοσί, εἰσποιητὸς ὢν υἱὸς καὶ ἐγκαταλειφθεὶς ἐν τῷ τοῦ Ἀρχιάδου οἴκῳ, ἐπανέρχεται, ὥσπερ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ, ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἐλευσινίους, ἐγκαταλιπὼν υἱὸν γνήσιον καὶ διὰ τριῶν σωμάτων κυρίαν τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ποίησιν παρὰ τοὺς νόμους καταστήσας.
[22] Well now, Leostratus here, although he was an adopted son and had been left in the family of Archiades, himself returned, as his father had done, to the Eleusinians, leaving in his place a lawfully born son, and, in defiance of the laws, setting up the original adoption as valid through the lives of three persons.
[23] πῶς γὰρ οὐ παρὰ τοὺς νόμους, ὁπότ᾽ εἰσποιητὸς αὐτὸς ὢν εἰσποιητοὺς υἱοὺς ἐγκαταλείπων ἐπανῄει; καὶ τοῦτο διατετέλεκε ποιῶν μέχρι ταύτης τῆς ἡμέρας, καὶ διὰ τούτου τοῦ τρόπου τὴν �
�ληρονομίαν ἡμῶν ἀποστερήσειν οἴονται, ἐνεργαζόμενοι μὲν καὶ ἐμπαιδοτροφούμενοι τῇ τοῦ Ἀρχιάδου οὐσίᾳ, ἐπανιόντες δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν πατρῴαν οὐσίαν ἐκεῖθεν ἀεί, κἀκείνην μὲν ἀκέραιον φυλάττοντες, ταύτην δ᾽ ἀναλίσκοντες.
[23] For how could it be other than contrary to the laws, when one, being himself an adopted son, returned to his original family leaving adopted sons in his place? That is what Leostratus has done up to this day, and by this means they think to rob us of our inheritance, making profit from the estate of Archiades, and supporting their children by it, and always returning from it to the estate of their fathers, keeping that intact, while spending the other.
[24] ἀλλ᾽ ὅμως τούτων τοιούτων ὄντων, ὅπερ εἶπον, ἡμεῖς ὑπεμένομεν ἅπαντα. μέχρι τίνος; ἕως ὁ Λεωκράτης ὁ ὑπὸ Λεωστράτου ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τῷ Ἀρχιάδου ἐγκαταλειφθεὶς υἱὸς τετελεύτηκεν ἄπαις. τούτου δὲ ἄπαιδος τετελευτηκότος, ἀξιοῦμεν ἡμεῖς οἱ γένει ἐγγυτάτω ὄντες Ἀρχιάδῃ κληρονομεῖν τῆς οὐσίας, καὶ μὴ τῷ τετελευτηκότι τῷ αὐτῷ εἰσποιητῷ ὄντι υἱὸν εἰσποιεῖν ἐπ᾽ ἀποστερήσει τῶν ἡμετέρων.