by Demosthenes
[12] When I heard these words of Nicostratus, having no idea that he was lying, I answered, as was natural for a young man who was an intimate friend, and who was far from thinking that he would be defrauded, “Nicostratus, in time past I was a true friend to you, and now in your misfortunes I have helped you to the full extent of my power. But since at the moment you are unable to find the whole amount due, I indeed have no funds on hand, nor have I money any more than yourself, but I grant you a loan of whatever part of my property you choose, for you to mortgage for the balance of your debt, and to use the money without interest for a year, and to pay off the strangers. When you have made the collection from your friends, pay off my mortgage, as you yourself propose.”
[13] ἀκούσας δ᾽ οὗτος ταῦτα καὶ ἐπαινέσας με, ἐκέλευσε τὴν ταχίστην πρᾶξαι, πρὶν ἐξήκειν τὰς ἡμέρας ἐν αἷς ἔφη δεῖν τὰ λύτρα καταθεῖναι. τίθημι οὖν τὴν συνοικίαν ἑκκαίδεκα μνῶν Ἀρκέσαντι Παμβωτάδῃ, ὃν αὐτὸς οὗτος προὐξένησεν, ἐπὶ ὀκτὼ ὀβολοῖς τὴν μνᾶν δανείσαντι τοῦ μηνὸς ἑκάστου. λαβὼν δὲ τὸ ἀργύριον οὐχ ὅπως χάριν τινά μοι ἀποδίδωσιν ὧν εὖ ἔπαθεν, ἀλλ᾽ εὐθέως ἐπεβούλευέ μοι, ἵνα ἀποστερήσειε τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ εἰς ἔχθραν κατασταίη, καὶ ἀπορούμενος ἐγὼ τοῖς πράγμασιν νέος ὢν ὅ τι χρησαίμην καὶ ἄπειρος πραγμάτων, ὅπως μὴ εἰσπράττοιμι αὐτὸν τὸ ἀργύριον οὗ ἡ συνοικία ἐτέθη, ἀλλ᾽ ἀφείην αὐτῷ.
[13] Hearing this, Nicostratus thanked me, and bade me to proceed with the matter with all speed before the expiration of the days in the course of which he said he must pay the ransom. Accordingly I mortgaged my lodging-house for sixteen minae, to Arcesas of Pambotadae, whom Nicostratus himself introduced to me, and he lent me the money at the interest rate of eight obols a month for each mina. But, when Nicostratus had got the money, so far from showing any gratitude for what I had done for him, he immediately began to lay a plot against me to rob me of my money and become my enemy, in order that I might be at a loss how to deal with the matter, since I was young and without experience in affairs, and might not exact from him the sum for which the lodging-house had been mortgaged, but might forgive him the debt.
[14] πρῶτον μὲν οὖν ἐπιβουλεύει μοι μετὰ τῶν ἀντιδίκων, καὶ πίστιν αὐτοῖς δίδωσιν: ἔπειτ᾽ ἀγώνων μοι συνεστηκότων πρὸς αὐτούς, τούς τε λόγους ἐκφέρει μου εἰδώς, καὶ ἐγγράφει τῷ δημοσίῳ ἀπρόσκλητον ἐξ ἐμφανῶν καταστάσεως ἐπιβολὴν ἑξακοσίας καὶ δέκα δραχμάς, διὰ Λυκίδου τοῦ μυλωθροῦ ποιησάμενος τὴν δίκην. κλητῆρα δὲ κατ᾽ ἐμοῦ τόν τε ἀδελφὸν τὸν αὑτοῦ τὸν Ἀρεθούσιον τοῦτον ἐπιγράφεται, οὗπέρ ἐστιν τὰ ἀνδράποδα ταῦτα, καὶ ἄλλον τινά: καὶ παρεσκευάζοντο, εἰ ἀνακρινοίμην κατὰ τῶν οἰκείων τῶν ἀδικούντων με τὰς δίκας ἃς εἰλήχειν αὐτοῖς, ἐνδεικνύναι με ὡς ὀφείλοντα τῷ δημοσίῳ καὶ ἐμβάλλειν εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον.
[14] Accordingly he first conspired against me with some persons with whom I was at law, and bound himself by an oath to support them; then, after my action against them had commenced, he divulged to them my arguments, with which he was acquainted, and he entered me as a debtor to the public treasury to the amount of six hundred and ten drachmae, as a fine for non-production of property （although no citation had been served upon me）, having got the case brought on through the agency of Lycidas the miller. As witnesses against me to attest the citation, he entered the name of his own brother, this Arethusius to whom these slaves belong, and another person; and they were prepared, in the event of my bringing to a preliminary hearing the suits which I had entered against my relatives who were wronging me, to lay an information against me, as being a debtor to the treasury, and throw me into prison.
[15] ἔτι δὲ πρὸς τούτοις ὁ Ἀρεθούσιος ἀπρόσκλητόν μου ἑξακοσίων καὶ δέκα δραχμῶν δίκην καταδικασάμενος καὶ ψευδεῖς κλητῆρας ἐπιγραψάμενος, καὶ εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν βίᾳ τὰ σκεύη πάντα ἐξεφόρησεν, πλέον ἢ εἴκοσι μνῶν ἄξια, καὶ οὐδ᾽ ὁτιοῦν κατέλιπεν. ὅτε δὲ τιμωρεῖσθαι ᾤμην δεῖν, καὶ ἐκτείσας τῷ δημοσίῳ τὸ ὄφλημα, ἐπειδὴ ἐπυθόμην τὴν ἐπιβουλήν, ἐβάδιζον ἐπὶ τὸν κλητῆρα τὸν ὁμολογοῦντα κεκλητευκέναι, τὸν Ἀρεθούσιον, τῆς ψευδοκλητείας κατὰ τὸν νόμον, ἐλθὼν εἰς τὸ χωρίον τῆς νυκτός, ὅσα ἐνῆν φυτὰ ἀκροδρύων γενναῖα ἐμβεβλημένα καὶ τὰς ἀναδενδράδας ἐξέκοψε, καὶ φυτευτήρια ἐλαῶν περιστοίχων κατέκλασεν, οὕτως δεινῶς ὡς οὐδ᾽ ἂν οἱ πολέμιοι διαθεῖεν.
[15] And more than all this, he who had secured a judgement against me for six hundred and ten drachmae, when no citation had been served upon me, and had entered the names of false witnesses to the citation, made a forcible entry into my house and carried off all the furniture to the value of more than twenty minae; he did not leave a thing. I thought it my duty to avenge myself, and after paying the debt to the treasury on hearing of the fine, I was proceeding to indict the one who admitted that he had cited me to appear （that is, Arethusius）, on a charge of false citation, as the law directs. He, however, came to my farm by night, cut off all the choice fruit-grafts that were there, and the tree-vines as well, and broke down the nursery-beds of olive trees set in rows round about, making worse havoc than enemies in war would have done.
[16] πρὸς δὲ τούτοις μεθ᾽ ἡμέραν παιδάριον ἀστὸν εἰσπέμψαντες διὰ τὸ γείτονες εἶναι καὶ ὅμορον τὸ χωρίον, ἐκέλευον τὴν ῥοδωνιὰν βλαστάνουσαν ἐκτίλλειν, ἵνα, εἰ καταλαβὼν αὐτὸν ἐγὼ δήσαιμι ἢ κατάξαιμι ὡς δοῦλον ὄντα, γραφήν με γράψαιντο ὕβρεως. ὡς δὲ τούτου διήμαρτον, καὶ ἐγὼ μάρτυρας μὲν ὧν ἔπασχον ἐποιούμην, αὐτὸς δὲ οὐδὲν ἐξημάρτανον εἰς αὐτούς, ἐνταῦθα ἤδη μοι ἐπιβουλεύουσι τὴν μεγίστην ἐπιβουλήν:
[16] More than this, as they were neighbors and my farm adjoined theirs, they sent into it in the daytime a young boy who was an Athenian, and put him up to plucking off the flowers from my rose-bed, in order that, if I caught him and in a fit of anger put him in bonds or struck him, assuming him to be a slave, they might bring against me an indictment for assault.
When they failed in this, and I merely called witnesses to observe the wrong done me without committing any offence against them myself, they played against me the most dastardly trick.
[17] ἀνακεκριμένου γὰρ ἤδη μου κατ᾽ αὐτοῦ τὴν τῆς ψευδοκλητείας γραφὴν καὶ μέλλοντος εἰσιέναι εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον, τηρήσας με ἀνιόντα ἐκ Πειραιῶς ὀψὲ περὶ τὰς λιθοτομίας παίει τε πὺξ καὶ ἁρπάζει μέσον καὶ ἐώθει με εἰς τὰς λιθοτομίας, �
�ἰ μή τινες προσιόντες, βοῶντός μου ἀκούσαντες, παρεγένοντο καὶ ἐβοήθησαν. ἡμέραις δὲ οὐ πολλαῖς ὕστερον εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον πρὸς ἡμέραν διαμεμετρημένην, καὶ ἐξελέγξας αὐτὸν τὰ ψευδῆ κεκλητευκότα καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ὅσα εἴρηκα ἠδικηκότα, εἷλον.
[17] When I had now brought my indictment of him for false citation to the preliminary examination and was about to bring the case into court, Nicostratus lay in wait for me near the stone quarries, as I was coming back late from Peiraeus, and struck me with his fist and seizing me around the waist was on the point of throwing me into the quarries, had not some people come up and, hearing my cries, run to my assistance. A few days later, I came into court on a day that was divided up among a number of cases, and proving that he had falsely attested the citation and was guilty of all the other crimes which I have mentioned, I won a conviction.
[18] καὶ ἐν τῇ τιμήσει βουλομένων τῶν δικαστῶν θανάτου τιμῆσαι αὐτῷ, ἐδεήθην ἐγὼ τῶν δικαστῶν μηδὲν δι᾽ ἐμοῦ τοιοῦτον πρᾶξαι, ἀλλὰ συνεχώρησα ὅσουπερ αὐτοὶ ἐτιμῶντο, ταλάντου, οὐχ ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνῃ ὁ Ἀρεθούσιος （ἄξια γὰρ αὐτῷ θανάτου εἴργαστο εἰς ἐμέ）, ἀλλ᾽ ἵνα ἐγὼ Πασίωνος ὢν καὶ κατὰ ψήφισμα πολίτης μηδένα Ἀθηναίων ἀπεκτονὼς εἴην. ὡς δ᾽ ἀληθῆ εἴρηκα πρὸς ὑμᾶς, τούτων ὑμῖν πάντων τοὺς μάρτυρας παρέξομαι.”Μάρτυρες”
[18] When it came to fixing the penalty, the jurymen wished to impose a sentence of death upon him, but I begged them to do nothing like that on a prosecution brought by me, and I agreed to the fine of a talent which these men themselves proposed, — not that I wished to save Arethusius from the death penalty （for he deserved death on account of the wrongs which he had committed against me）, but that I, Pasion’s son, made a citizen by a decree of the people, might not be said to have caused the death of any Athenian.
To prove that I have told you the truth, I shall call before you witnesses to all these facts.” Witnesses”
[19] ἃ μὲν τοίνυν ἀδικούμενος, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν τὴν ἀπογραφὴν ἐποιησάμην, δεδήλωκα ὑμῖν: ὡς δ᾽ ἔστιν Ἀρεθουσίου τὰ ἀνδράποδα ταῦτα καὶ ὄντα ἐν τῇ οὐσίᾳ τῇ ἐκείνου ἀπέγραψα, ἐπιδείξω ὑμῖν. τὸν μὲν γὰρ Κέρδωνα ἐκ μικροῦ παιδαρίου ἐξεθρέψατο: καὶ ὡς ἦν Ἀρεθουσίου, τούτων ὑμῖν τοὺς εἰδότας μάρτυρας παρέξομαι.”Μάρτυρες”
[19] The wrongs done to me by these people, men of the jury, which led me to file the information, I have made clear to you. That these slaves are the property of Arethusius, and that I listed them in the inventory because they formed a part of his estate, I shall proceed to show you. Cerdon he reared from early childhood; and to prove that he belonged to Arethusius, I shall bring before you witnesses who know the fact.” Witnesses”
[20] παρ᾽ οἷς τοίνυν ἠργάσατο πώποτε, ὡς τοὺς μισθοὺς Ἀρεθούσιος ἐκομίζετο ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ, καὶ δίκας ἐλάμβανε καὶ ἐδίδου, ὁπότε κακόν τι ἐργάσαιτο, ὡς δεσπότης ὤν, τούτων ὑμῖν τοὺς εἰδότας μάρτυρας παρέξομαι.”Μάρτυρες”
τὸν δὲ Μάνην, δανείσας ἀργύριον Ἀρχεπόλιδι τῷ Πειραιεῖ, ἐπειδὴ οὐχ οἷός τ᾽ ἦν αὐτῷ ἀποδοῦναι ὁ Ἀρχέπολις οὔτε τὸν τόκον οὔτε τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἅπαν, ἐναπετίμησεν αὐτῷ. καὶ ὅτι ἀληθῆ λέγω, τούτων ὑμῖν τοὺς μάρτυρας παρέξομαι.”Μάρτυρες”
[20] I shall also bring before you witnesses to prove that Arethusius got the wages on his account from all the persons with whom Cerdon ever worked, and that he used, as being his master, to receive compensation or give it, whenever Cerdon wrought any damage.” Witnesses”
As for Manes: Arethusius lent some money to Archepolis of Peiraeus, and when Archepolis was unable to pay either the interest or the principal in full, he made over to him Manes in settlement.
To prove that I am speaking the truth, I shall bring before you witnesses to establish these statements.” Witnesses”
[21] ἔτι τοίνυν καὶ ἐκ τῶνδε γνώσεσθε, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὅτι εἰσὶν Ἀρεθουσίου οἱ ἄνθρωποι. ὁπότε γὰρ οἱ ἄνθρωποι οὗτοι ἢ ὀπώραν πρίαιντο ἢ θέρος μισθοῖντο ἐκθερίσαι ἢ ἄλλο τι τῶν περὶ γεωργίαν ἔργων ἀναιροῖντο, Ἀρεθούσιος ἦν ὁ ὠνούμενος καὶ μισθούμενος ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν. ὡς δ᾽ ἀληθῆ λέγω, καὶ τούτων ὑμῖν τοὺς μάρτυρας παρέξομαι.”Μάρτυρες”
[21] Furthermore, from the following facts also you will see that the men belong to Arethusius. For whenever they bought up the produce of an orchard, or hired themselves out to reap a harvest, or undertook any other piece of farming work, it was Arethusius who made the purchase or paid the wages on their behalf.
To prove that I am speaking the truth, I shall bring before you witnesses to establish these statements also.” Witnesses”
[22] ὅσας μὲν τοίνυν μαρτυρίας παρασχέσθαι εἶχον ὑμῖν, ὡς ἔστιν Ἀρεθουσίου τὰ ἀνδράποδα, δεδήλωκα ὑμῖν. βούλομαι δὲ καὶ περὶ τῆς προκλήσεως εἰπεῖν, ἣν οὗτοί με προὐκαλέσαντο καὶ ἐγὼ τούτους. οὗτοι μὲν γάρ με προὐκαλέσαντο, ὅτε ἡ πρώτη ἀνάκρισις ἦν, φάσκοντες ἕτοιμοι εἶναι παραδιδόναι ἐμοὶ αὐτῷ τὰ ἀνδράποδα βασανίσαι, βουλόμενοι μαρτυρίαν τινὰ αὑτοῖς ταύτην γενέσθαι.
[22] All the evidence which I had to offer to prove that the slaves belong to Arethusius, I have laid before you. I wish, however, to speak also about the challenge which these men tendered me, and which I also tendered them. They challenged me at the preliminary hearing, stating that they were ready to deliver up the slaves, that I myself might put them to the torture, their wish being that this offer should serve as a sort of evidence for their side.
[23] ἐγὼ δὲ ἀπεκρινάμην αὐτοῖς ἐναντίον μαρτύρων, ὅτι ἕτοιμός εἰμι ἰέναι εἰς τὴν βουλὴν μετ᾽ αὐτῶν καὶ παραλαμβάνειν μετ᾽ ἐκείνης ἢ μετὰ τῶν ἕνδεκα, λέγων ὅτι, εἰ μὲν ἰδίαν δίκην ἐδικαζόμην αὐτοῖς, εἰ ἐμοὶ ἐξεδίδοσαν, παρελάμβανον ἄν, νῦν δὲ τῆς πόλεως εἴη τὰ ἀνδράποδα καὶ ἡ ἀπογραφή: δεῖν οὖν δημοσίᾳ βασανίζεσθαι.
[23] I answered, however, in the presence of witnesses, that I was ready to go with them to the senate, and in conjunction with the senate or the Eleven to receive the slaves for the torture, telling them that, if my suit against them had been a private one, I should have accepted the slaves for the torture, if they had offered them, but that, as it was, both the slaves and the information belonged to the state; and therefore the examination by the torture should be conducted by a public official.
[24] ἡγούμην γὰρ οὐ προσήκειν ἐμοὶ ἰδιώτῃ ὄντι τοὺς δημοσίου�
� βασανίζειν: οὔτε γὰρ τῆς βασάνου κύριος ἐγιγνόμην, οὔτε καλῶς ἔχειν τὰ λεγόμενα ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐμὲ κρίνειν, ἡγούμην τε δεῖν τὴν ἀρχὴν ἢ τοὺς ᾑρημένους ὑπὸ τῆς βουλῆς γράφεσθαι, καὶ κατασημηναμένους τὰς βασάνους, ὅ τι εἴποιεν οἱ ἄνθρωποι, παρέχειν εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον, ἵν᾽ ἀκούσαντες ἐκ τούτων ἐψηφίσασθε ὁποῖόν τι ὑμῖν ἐδόκει.
[24] I thought that it was not proper for me as a private individual to put public slaves to the torture; for I was not empowered to conduct the torture, nor was it proper that I should decide on the meaning of the answers given by the men. I thought that the Eleven, or persons chosen by the senate, should have everything written down, and then, having sealed up the evidence extorted by the torture — the answers, that is, given by the men — should produce it in court, that you might hear it, and in the light of this reach whatever verdict you might think right.