The Darkest Dawn
Page 34
10. Charles J. Stewart, “Lincoln’s Assassination and the Protestant Clergy of the North,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, Autumn 1961, 290; Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, 218.
11. Edgar Downey, Schuykill County and Some of Its People When Abraham Lincoln Was Assassinated (Pottsville, Pa., 1952), 16.
12. Roy P. Basler, ed., Walt Whitman’s Memoranda during the War and Death of Abraham Lincoln (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1962), 46.
13. Boston Daily Advertiser, April 19, 1865.
14. Reck, A. Lincoln, 79.
15. William A. Tidwell, James O. Hall, and David Winfred Gaddy, Come Retribution: The Confederate Secret Service and the Assassination of Lincoln (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1988), 256; Bryan, The Great American Myth, 87.
16. Clarke, The Unlocked Book, 124.
17. Rhodehamel and Taper, Right or Wrong, 130.
18. Clarke, The Unlocked Book, 124.
19. Ibid., 115.
20. Ibid., 203; Reck, A Lincoln, 65–66; William A. Tidwell, April ’65: Confederate Covert Action in the American Civil War (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1995), 137.
21. Rhodehamel and Taper, Right or Wrong, 11; Reck, A. Lincoln, 66.
22. Hanchett, The Lincoln Murder Conspiracies, 42–43.
23. Clarke, The Unlocked Book, 203.
24. Rhodehamel and Taper, Right or Wrong, 19.
25. Steers, Blood on the Moon, 86–87.
26. Ibid., 15.
27. Rhodehamel and Taper, Right or Wrong, 130–31.
10. A Night to Remember
1. James S. Knox, “A Son Writes of the Supreme Tragedy,” Saturday Review (February 11, 1956), 11; William H. DeMotte, “The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, October 1927, 424; New Orleans Daily Picayune, May 12, 1865; Frank Rathbun, “The Rathbone Connection,” 1, Ford’s Theater archives.
2. Clarke, The Unlocked Book, 171–72.
3. Bryan, The Great American Myth, 172.
4. MacCulloch, “This Man Saw Lincoln Shot,” 116.
5. Reck, A. Lincoln, 72.
6. Chicago Tribune, April 21, 1865.
7. Basler, Walt Whitman’s Memoranda, 47.
8. David Donald, Lincoln (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995), 595.
9. E. R. Shaw, “The Assassination of Lincoln: The Hitherto Unpublished Account of an Eye-witness,” McClure’s Magazine, December 1908, 183.
10. “The Assassination of Lincoln,” undated, untitled clipping, Ford’s Theater archives.
11. Ibid.
12. Arthur M. Markowitz, ed., “Tragedy of an Age: An Eyewitness Account of Lincoln’s Assassination,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, Summer 1973, 207; Chicago Tribune, April 21, 1865; Knox, “A Son Writes,” 11.
13. Ronald D. Rietveld, ed., “An Eyewitness Account of Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination,” Civil War History: A Journal of the Middle Period, March 1976, n. 63.
14. Charles A. Leale, “Lincoln’s Last Hours,” 3, photocopy at the Illinois State Historical Library, Springfield.
15. Leale, “Lincoln’s Last Hours,” 3.
16. Henry Williams, Elizabeth Dixon and Daniel Dean Beekman, “A Night to Remember,” Yankee Magazine, February 1973, 141.
17. John Downing, Jr. letter, photocopy, Ford’s Theater archives.
18. Washington Daily National Intelligencer, April 15, 1865; William Kent letter, April 15, 1865, Ford’s Theater archive; Shaw, 183.
19. Washington Daily National Intelligencer, April 15, 1865; Lattimer and Alford, “Eyewitness to History,” 97; Washington Evening Star, May 11, 1865.
20. Markowitz, “Tragedy of an Age,” 207.
21. Helen Moss memoir, 2, Library of Congress.
22. Hanchett, The Lincoln Murder Conspiracies, 57; Washington Evening Star, April 18, 1865.
23. Helen Du Barry, “Eyewitness Account of Lincoln’s Assassination,” Journal of the Illinois Historical Society, September 1946, 368; Gardner Brewer letter, to “Mrs. Alexander,” April 17, 1865, Illinois State Historical Library, Springfield; Kunhardt and Kunhardt, Twenty Days, 102.
24. Chicago Tribune, April 20, 1865.
25. Shaw, “Assassination of Lincoln,” 183.
26. Timothy S. Good, ed., We Saw Lincoln Shot: One Hundred Eyewitness Accounts (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1995), 40.
27. Shepard, “Lincoln’s Assassination,” 917.
28. Bryan, The Great American Myth, 173.
29. Shepard, “Lincoln’s Assassination,”917.
30. Du Barry, “Eyewitness Account of Lincoln’s Assassination,” 368.
31. Shepard, “Lincoln’s Assassination,” 917.
32. Reck, A. Lincoln, 86.
33. Williams, Dixon, and Beekman, “A Night to Remember,” 144.
34. Roscoe, Web of Conspiracy, 536–37.
35. Shepard, “Lincoln’s Assassination,”917.
36. Luthin, The Real Abraham Lincoln, 636.
37. Boston Daily Globe, April 11, 1920.
38. Burlingame, Lincoln Observed, 189; Chicago Tribune, April 17, 1865.
39. Rietveld, “An Eyewitness Account,” 63.
40. Luthin, 637; Gerry, “Lincoln’s Last Day,” 528; J. E. Buckingham, Sr., Reminiscences and Souvenirs of the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln (Washington, D.C.: Rufus H. Darby, 1894), 13.
41. Statement of Jeannie Gourlay, Ford’s Theater archive.
11. Terror on Lafayette Park
1. New York Times, May 20, 1865.
2. Ibid.
3. Van Deusen, Seward, 414.
4. New York Times, May 20, 1865.
5. Kunhardt and Kunhardt, Twenty Days, 53.
6. William H. Seward papers, Library of Congress.
7. Ibid.
8. New York Times, May 20, 1865; Kunhardt and Kunhardt, Twenty Days, 53.
9. New York Times, May 20, 1865.
10. William H. Seward papers.
11. Ibid.; New York Times, May 20, 1865.
12. Van Deusen, Seward, 414.
13. Seward papers.
14. New York Times, May 20, 1865.
15. Kunhardt and Kunhardt, Twenty Days, 53.
16. New York Times, May 20, 1865.
17. Reck, A. Lincoln, 134.
18. Seward papers.
12. The Last Bullet
1. Statement of James Ferguson, photocopy, Ford’s Theater archives; Washington Evening Star, April 17, 1865.
2. Benn Pittman, The Assassination of President Lincoln and the Trial of the Conspirators (New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1954), 76.
3. Rochester (N.Y.) Daily Union and Advertiser, April 17, 1865.
4. Reck, A. Lincoln, 98.
5. Ibid.
6. Washington Evening Star, April 17, 1865.
7. Chicago Tribune, April 17, 1865.
8. New York Times, April 18, 1865; Harper’s Weekly, April 29, 1865, photocopy, Ford’s Theater archive.
9. Statement of Harry Hawk, Ford’s Theater archive.
10. Rietveld, “An Eyewitness Account,” n. 65; Shaw, “The Assassination of Lincoln,” 184.
11. “Two Letters on the Event of April 14, 1865,” Illinois State Historical Society, Springfield.
12. Shaw, “Assassination of Lincoln,” 184.
13. Statement of James Ferguson, Ford’s Theater archives; Washington Evening Star, April 17,
14. Du Barry, “Eyewitness Account of Lincoln’s Assassination,” 367.
15. New York Times, April 15, 1865; William Kent letter, Ford’s Theater archives; Statement of James Ferguson, Ford’s Theater archives; Pittman, The Assassination of President Lincoln, 76; DeMotte, “The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln,” 425; Harry Read, “‘A Hand to Hold While Dying’: Dr. Charles A. Leale at Lincoln’s Side,” Lincoln Herald, Spring 1977, 22.
16. Statement of James Ferguson, Ford’s Theater archive.
17. Reck, A. Lincoln, 109.
18. Pittman, The Assassination of President
Lincoln, 79.
19. Markowitz, “Tragedy of an Age,” 208.
20. Statement of William Elmendorf, Ford’s Theater archive.
21. Ferguson, I Saw Booth Shoot Lincoln, 50.
22. Washington Evening Star, April 15, 1865; S. H. Bronson letter, April 16, 1865, Lincoln Museum, Fort Wayne, Indiana.
23. Ferguson, I Saw Booth Shoot Lincoln, 51.
24. Rietveld, “An Eyewitness Account,” 64; Ferguson, I Saw Booth Shoot Lincoln, 51.
25. Ferguson, I Saw Booth Shoot Lincoln, 52.
26. Luthin, The Real Abraham Lincoln, 645–46.
27. Rochester (N.Y.) Daily Union and Advertiser, April 17, 1865; Chicago Tribune, April 21, 1865.
28. Ralph G. Newman, “The Mystery Occupant’s Eyewitness Account of the Death of Abraham Lincoln,” Chicago History, Spring 1975, 32.
29. Rietveld, “An Eyewitness Account,” n. 66.
30. Turner, Beware the People Weeping, 25.
31. Bassett diary, Ford’s Theater archives; Bryan, The Great American Myth, 210.
32. New Orleans Daily Picayune, April 29, 1865.
33. Reck, A. Lincoln, 114; Rietveld, “An Eyewitness Account,” n. 66.
34. Washington Evening Star, April 15, 1865; Bryan, The Great American Myth, 210; Reck, A. Lincoln, 114.
35. Goodrich, The Day Dixie Died, 10.
36. Ibid., 11.
37. Shaw, “Assassination of Lincoln,” 184; Warren Everhart, “Local Man Witnessed Lincoln’s Assassination,” Ford’s Theater Archive.
38. Weik, “A New Story of Lincoln’s Assassination,” 562.
39. C. S. Taft, “Last Hours of Abraham Lincoln,” Medical and Surgical Reporter, April 22, 1865.
40. Shaw, “Assassination of Lincoln,” 184.
41. Clara Harris letter, photocopy, Ford’s Theater archive.
42. Leale, “Lincoln’s Last Hours,” 4–5.
43. William Kent letter, Ford’s Theater archive.
44. Leale, “Lincoln’s Last Hours,” 5.
45. Ibid., 5–6.
46. Buckingham, Reminiscences and Souvenirs, 15; Washington Evening Star, April 15, 1865.
47. Basler, Walt Whitman’s Memoranda, 48.
48. Tucker, “Eyewitness to Lincoln’s Last Hours,” Yankee Magazine, April 1979, 145; Weichmann, A True History of the Assassination, 156.
49. Clara Harris letter, Ford’s Theater archive.
50. Shaw, “Assassination of Lincoln,” 184.
51. Ibid.
52. Ibid.
53. Reck, A. Lincoln, 124.
54. Shepard, Lincoln’s Assassination, 917.
55. Reck, A. Lincoln, 126.
56. “Two Letters,” Illinois State Historical Society, Springfield.
57. Shaw, “Assassination of Lincoln,” 184.
58. Kunhardt and Kunhardt, Twenty Days, 1, 2; Sheldon P. McIntyre letter, Ford’s Theater archives; Letter of “Lucian,” April 18, 1865, Ford’s Theater archive.
59. Ross, President’s Wife, 242.
13. Murder in the Streets
1. Tarbell, “Death of Abraham Lincoln,” 382.
2. Chicago Tribune, April 21, 1865.
3. Mose Sandford letter, Ford’s Theater archive.
4. Howard H. Peckham, “James Tanner’s Account of Lincoln’s Death,” Abraham Lincoln Quarterly, March 1942, 176, 178.
5. “Remarks of Hon. James A. Frear,” Ford’s Theater Archive.
6. Chicago Tribune, April 17, 1865.
7. Kunhardt and Kunhardt, Twenty Days, 75.
8. M. Helen Palmes Moss, “Lincoln and Wilkes Booth As Seen on the Day of the Assassination,” The Century Magazine, April 1909, 951–53.
9. James Tanner and Norman R. Brown, “The First Testimony Taken in Connection with the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln,” 19, Ford’s Theater archives; Peckham, “James Tanner,” 177.
10. Randall, Orville Hickman Browning, 20.
11. Moorfield Storey, “Dickens, Stanton, Sumner, and Storey,” Atlantic Monthly, April 1930, 464–65.
12. Diary of Gideon Welles, 283; Kunhardt and Kunhardt, Twenty Days, 64.
13. Storey, “Dickens, Stanton, Sumner, and Storey,” 463.
14. Kunhardt and Kunhardt, Twenty Days, 66; Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, 301.
15. “What Tom Pendel Saw April 14, 1865,” Magazine of History 34, no. 1 (1950): 18–19.
16. Ibid., 19.
17. Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, 301; Storey, “Dickens, Stanton, Sumner, and Storey,” 463.
18. Diary of Gideon Welles, 284–85.
19. New York Herald, April 15, 1865.
20. New York Times, May 18, 1865.
21. Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, 305.
22. William H. Seward papers.
23. Roscoe, Web of Conspiracy, 145; New York Times, May 18, 1865.
24. Diary of Gideon Welles, 285.
25. Roscoe, Web of Conspiracy, 145.
26. William H. Seward papers.
27. Ibid.
28. Diary of Gideon Welles, 285.
29. Roscoe, Web of Conspiracy, 145.
30. New York Times, May 18, 1865.
31. Diary of Gideon Welles, 285.
32. Roscoe, Web of Conspiracy, 181.
33. Castel, Andrew Johnson, 1.
34. Diary of Gideon Welles, 286.
35. New York Times, April 17, 1865.
36. Leale, Lincoln’s Last Hours, 8; Diary of Gideon Welles, 287.
37. Reck, A. Lincoln, 132; Kunhardt and Kunhardt, Twenty Days, 48; Ross, The President’s Wife, 242; David Miller DeWitt, The Impeachment and Trial of Andrew Johnson (New York: Macmillan, 1903), 304.
38. Leale, Lincoln’s Last Hours, 8.
39. Taft, Last Hours of Abraham Lincoln, 20.
40. Pittman, The Assassination of President Lincoln, 79.
41. Reck, A. Lincoln, 132.
42. Ibid.
43. Philadelphia Inquirer, April 17, 1865.
44. New York Times, April 17, 1865.
45. Diary of Gideon Welles, 287.
46. Shepard, “Lincoln’s Assassination,” 917–18.
47. de Chambrun, Impressions of Lincoln, 98.
14. A Spirit So Horrible
1. New York Times, April 15, 1865.
2. Moss, “Lincoln and Wilkes Booth,” 953.
3. C. T. Allen, “Sixteen Years Ago: Washington City on the Night of Mr. Lincoln’s Assassination,” Southern Bivouac, 1 (Wilmington, N.C.: Broadfoot, 1992), 20.
4. Statement of Sergeant Albert Boggs, Ford’s Theater archive.
5. New York Times, April 15, 1865.
6. Reck, A. Lincoln, 136.
7. Wilmington Delaware Republican, May 4, 1865. William Kent letter, Ford’s Theater archive.
8. Albert Daggett, “Within the Last 12 Hours This City Has Been the Scene of the Most Terrible Tragedies . . . ,” Lincoln Lore, April 1961, 4.
9. Frank Leslie’s Illustrated, April 20, 1865; Wilmington Delaware Republican, May 4, 1865; Jay Winik, April 1865: The Month That Saved America (New York: Harper Collins, 2001.
10. Moss, “Lincoln and Wilkes Booth,” 953.
11. Reck, A. Lincoln, 135.
12. Wilmington Delaware Republican, May 4, 1865.
13. Reck, A. Lincoln, 135.
14. Tarbell, “The Death of Abraham Lincoln,” 384.
15. Good, We Saw Lincoln Shot, 36.
16. E. A. Chaplin letter, Ford’s Theater archive.
17. Turner, Beware the People Weeping, 49.
18. Frederick C. Drake, “A Letter on the Death of Abraham Lincoln, April 16, 1865,” Lincoln Herald, Winter 1982, 237.
19. Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald, October 3, 1915.
20. H. G. Hannaman letter and E. A. Chaplin letter, Ford’s Theater archive; Mose Sandford letter, Ford’s Theater archive; Turner, Beware the People Weeping, 27; Rietveld, “An Eyewitness Account,” 68.
21. Goodrich, The Day Dixie Died, 22; Wilmington Delaware Republican, May 4, 1865; Thomas Sanders reminiscence, Lincoln Museum, Fort Wayne, Indiana
.
22. Allen, “Sixteen Years Ago,” 20.
23. Ibid., 21.
24. Ibid.
25. Seaton Munroe, “Recollections of Lincoln’s Assassination,” North American Review, April 1896, 426.
26. Rhodehamel and Taper, Right or Wrong, 152; Turner, Beware the People Weeping, 25–26.
27. Basler, Walt Whitman’s Memoranda, 49.
28. Katherine Meader collection, Ford’s Theater archive.
15. The Darkest Dawn
1. “Remarks of Hon. James A. Frear,” 4; Peckham, “James Tanner,” 178.
2. Tanner and Brown, “The First Testimony,” 17.
3. Luthin, The Real Abraham Lincoln, 651.
4. Kunhardt and Kunhardt, Twenty Days, 49.
5. New York Herald, April 15, 1865.
6. Chicago Tribune, April 21, 1865.
7. New York Herald, April 15, 1865.
8. Diary of Gideon Welles, 286–87.
9. Rietveld, “An Eyewitness Account,” n. 67; Weichmann, A True History of the Assassination, 157.
10. Leale, Lincoln’s Last Hours, 10.
11. Lesley A. Leonard, “Abraham Lincoln and the ‘Rubber Room,’” Surratt Courier, February 1986, 8.
12. Weichmann, A True History of the Assassination, 157; Raleigh (N.C.) Daily Progress, April 27, 1865.
13. John P. Usher letter, April 16, 1865, Library of Congress.
14. Ross, President’s Wife, 243; Reck, A. Lincoln, 139.
15. Usher letter.
16. Raleigh (N.C.) Daily Progress, April 27, 1865.
17. Williams, Dixon, and Beekman, “A Night to Remember,” 143.
18. Chicago Tribune, April 17, 1865.
19. Ibid.
20. Ross, President’s Wife, 242.
21. Springfield Illinois State Journal, April 19, 1865.
22. Diary of Gideon Welles, 288; Washington Evening Star, April 15, 1865.
23. Tanner and Brown, “The First Testimony,” 17.
24. Ibid., 17–18.
25. Reck, A. Lincoln, 144.
26. Tanner and Brown, “The First Testimony,” 18.
27. Turner, Beware the People Weeping, 55.
28. Leale, Lincoln’s Last Hours, 11.
29. Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs (New York: Charles L. Webster, 1886), 508.
30. Simon, Julia Dent Grant, 156.
31. John Y. Simon, ed., The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, 14 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1985), n. 390.