32. Ibid.
33. Simon, Julia Dent Grant, 156.
34. Ibid.
35. Lamon, Recollections of Abraham Lincoln, 278.
36. Helen Grover, “Lincoln’s Interest in the Theater,” The Century Magazine, April 1909, 949.
37. Springfield Illinois State Journal, April 17, 1865.
38. Kunhardt and Kunhardt, Twenty Days, 78.
39. Tucker, “Lincoln’s Last Hours,” 146.
40. Springfield Illinois State Journal, April 17, 1865.
41. Bryan, The Great American Myth, 187.
42. Reck, A. Lincoln, 146–47.
43. Kunhardt and Kunhardt, Twenty Days, 83.
44. Reck, A. Lincoln, 149.
45. Diary of Gideon Welles, 288.
46. Smith Stimmel, “Experiences as a Member of President Lincoln’s Bodyguard,” Otto Eisenschiml collection, box 7, Illinois State Historical Library, Springfield.
47. Raleigh (N.C.) Daily Progress, April 27, 1865.
48. Chicago Tribune, April 17, 1865.
49. Taft, “Last Hours of Abraham Lincoln,” 22.
50. Williams, Dixon, and Beekman, “A Night to Remember,” 143.
51. Reck, A. Lincoln, 148.
52. Williams, Dixon, and Beekman, “A Night to Remember,” 143.
53. Leale, Lincoln’s Last Hours, 11.
54. Luthin, The Real Abraham Lincoln, 658.
55. Frank Leslie’s Illustrated, April 20, 1865.
56. New York Times, April 17, 1865.
57. Chicago Tribune, April 17, 1865.
58. “James A. Frear,” 7.
59. Taft diary, 36.
60. Ibid.
61. Reck, A. Lincoln, 157.
62. Ibid.
63. Kunhardt and Kunhardt, Twenty Days, 80.
64. Chicago Tribune, April 17, 1865.
65. New York Times, April 17, 1865.
66. Ibid.
67. Taft diary, 28.
68. “James A. Frear,” 7.
69. New York Times, April 16, 1865.
70. Leale, Lincoln’s Last Hours, 13.
16. Hemp and Hell
1. Brooks, Washington, D.C. in Lincoln’s Time, 230–31.
2. Wilmington Delaware Republican, May 4, 1865.
3. Burlingame, Lincoln Observed, 192; Brooks, Washington, D.C. in Lincoln’s Time, 231–32.
4. “The Most Solemn Easter,” Lincoln Lore, April 10, 1933, 1.
5. Hartford Daily Times, April 15, 1865; St. Joseph (Mo.) Morning Herald and Daily Tribune, April 16, 1865.
6. John M. Taylor, Garfield of Ohio: The Available Man (New York: W. W. Norton, 1970), 103.
7. Barbara Marinacci, O Wondrous Singer! An Introduction to Walt Whitman (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1970), 236.
8. Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 302.
9. San Francisco Daily Alta California, April 16, 1865.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Edith Parker Hinckley, Frank Hinckley: California Engineer and Rancher, 1838–1890 (Claremont, Calif.: Saunders, 1946), 57.
13. San Francisco Daily Alta California, April 17, 1865.
14. Marilyn Mayer Culpepper, Trials and Triumphs: Women of the American Civil War (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1991), 372.
15. George Buckley letter, April 15, 1865, Buckley Family papers, Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis.
16. Mackenzie, “Maggie!,” April 15, 1865.
17. Chicago Times, April 17, 1865.
18. David Donald, “The Folklore Lincoln,” Journal of the Illinois Historical Society, December 1947, 378.
19. New York Times, April 28, 1865.
20. Philadelphia Inquirer, April 22, 1865.
21. Searcher, The Farewell to Lincoln, 39; Washington Evening Star, May 12, 1865.
22. Detroit Advertiser and Tribune, April 16, 1865.
23. Donald O. Dewey, ed., “Hoosier Justice: The Journal of David M. Donald, 1864–1868,” Indiana Magazine of History, September 1966, 199.
24. Bangor (Maine) Daily Evening Times, April 15, 1865.
25. Goodrich, The Day Dixie Died, 22; Brooklyn (N.Y.) Daily Eagle, April 17, 1865.
26. San Francisco Daily Alta California, May 16, 1865.
27. Cleveland Morning Leader, April 19, 1865.
28. New York Times, May 1, 1865.
29. Ibid., April 16, 1865; Detroit Advertiser and Tribune, April 16, 1865.
30. Edmond Beall, “Recollections of the Assassination and Funeral of Abraham Lincoln,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, January 1913, 488; Springfield Illinois State Journal, April 18, 1865; Saint Louis Dispatch, April 18, 1865; Letter, April 15, 1865, Chicago History, Spring 1947.
31. Indianapolis Daily Journal, April 21, 1865; New Orleans Daily Picayune, April 19, 1865; Springfield Illinois State Journal, April 17, 1865.
32. Council Bluffs (Iowa) Bugle, June 1, 1865; New York Times, April 21, 1865; Denver Daily Rocky Mountain News, April 17, 1865.
33. New York Times, April 16, 1865.
34. Philadelphia Inquirer, April 24, 1865.
35. New York Times, April 26, 1865; Virginia (Nev.) Daily Territorial Enterprise, April 18, 1865; Lafayette (Ind.) Daily Courier, April 17, 1865; San Francisco Daily Alta California, April 16, 1865; Chicago Tribune, April 17, 1865; Bridgeport (Conn.) Evening Standard, April 22, 1865; Newark (N.J.) Daily Advertiser, April 29, 1865.
36. New York Times, April 22, 1865.
37. Ibid., April 16, 17, 25; New York Times, April 21, 1865; Washington Evening Star, May 6, 1865.
38. Indianapolis Daily Journal, April 16, 1865; F. B. Miller collection, Redin Robins to “Dear liby,” April 16, 1865, Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka.; T. R. Patton letter, Lincoln Museum, Fort Wayne, Indiana.
39. Robert Huston Milroy diary, Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis.
40. William Henry Younts autobiography, Indiana State Historical Society, Indianapolis.
41. Indianapolis Daily State Sentinel, April 24, 1865; Springfield Illinois State Journal, May 3, 1865.
42. San Francisco Daily Alta California, April 17, 1865.
43. New York Times, April 22, 1865; Hartford (Conn.) Daily Times, April 21, 1865; Chicago Tribune, April 17, 20, 22, 1865; Providence Daily Journal, April 17, 1865; Martin Abbott, “Southern Reaction to Lincoln’s Assassination,” Abraham Lincoln Quarterly, September 1952, 117.
44. Boston Daily Journal, April 15, 1865.
45. Springfield (Ohio) Daily News and Republic, May 3, 1865.
46. Hartford (Conn.) Daily Times, April 24, 1865.
47. Goodrich, The Day Dixie Died, 24; Montgomery (Ala.) Daily Mail, May 15, 1865; Randall, Mary Lincoln, 204; New Orleans Daily Picayune, May 3, 1865.
48. Washington Evening Star, April 18, 1865; Edmund N. Hatcher, The Last Four Weeks of the War (Columbus, Ohio, 1891), 246–47; Indianapolis Daily State Sentinel, April 17, 1865; New Orleans Times, May 2, 1865.
49. Indianapolis Daily Journal, April 21, 1865.
50. Indianapolis Daily State Sentinel, April 24, 1865.
51. Detroit Advertiser and Tribune, April 16, 1865.
52. Goodrich, The Day Dixie Died, 23–24.
53. Hartford (Conn.) Daily Times, April 21, 1865.
54. Clipping, Lexington (Ky.) Herald-Leader, March 8, 1964, Kentucky Historical Society, Frankfort.
55. Cincinnati Daily Commercial, April 17, 1865.
56. Chicago Tribune, April 17, 1865.
57. Clipping, Lexington (Ky.) Herald-Leader, March 8, 1865, Kentucky Historical Society, Frankfort.
58. Nicholas Wainwright, ed., A Philadelphia Perspective: The Diary of Sidney George Fisher Covering the Years 1834–1871 (Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1967), 493.
59. San Francisco Daily Alta California, April 16, 17, 1865.
60. Ibid., April 16, 1865.
61. Kathe van Winden, “The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln: Its Effect in California,” Journal of the West, April 1965, 218.
62. San Francisco Dail
y Alta California, May 1, 4, 1865.
63. Chicago Tribune, May 3, 1865; Washington Evening Star, April 26, 1865.
64. Springfield Illinois State Journal, April 21, June 6, 1865.
65. Ibid., May 3, 1865.
66. Cincinnati Daily Commercial, April 17, 1865.
67. San Francisco Daily Alta California, April 20, 1865.
17. This Sobbing Day
1. Lewis Baldwin Parsons, “General Parsons Writes of Lincoln’s Death,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, Winter 1951, 355.
2. Bryan, The Great American Myth, 192.
3. Leale, “Lincoln’s Last Hours,” 14.
4. Diary of Gideon Welles, 290.
5. New York Times, June 2, 1865.
6. Weichmann, A True History of the Assassination, 180.
7. Ivory G. Kimball, Recollections from a Busy Life (Washington, D.C.: Carnahan, 1912), 71.
8. Two Letters,” April 18, 1865; Boston Daily Advertiser, April 17, 1865.
9. “Two Letters,” April 18, 1865.
10. Weichmann, A True History of the Assassination, 180.
11. Boston Daily Advertiser, April 17, 1865.
12. Rhodehamel and Taper, Right or Wrong, 145.
13. Ibid.
14. Booth, The Unlocked Book, 200–01.
15. Hammond, Diary of a Union Lady, 346.
16. “Edwin Booth and Lincoln, with an Unpublished Letter by Edwin Booth,” Century Magazine, April 1909, 920.
17. Booth, The Unlocked Book, 202.
18. “Edwin Booth and Lincoln,” 920.
19. Albany (N.Y.) Evening Journal, April 21, 1865.
20. Turner, Beware the People Weeping, 27; Washington Evening Star, April 21, 1865.
21. Bryan, The Great American Myth, 202.
22. Mrs. McKee Rankin, “The News of Lincoln’s Death,” 262, Carrie A. Hall Collection, Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka.
23. Morris, “Some Recollections of John Wilkes Booth,” 303.
24. Ibid.
25. Mary Elizabeth Massey, Bonnet Brigades (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1966), 320.
26. Washington Evening Star, April 15, 17, 1865.
27. Williams, Dixon, and Beekman, “A Night to Remember,” 143.
28. Keckley, Behind the Scenes, 188, 189, 190, 191.
29. Edward Curtis statement, Ford’s Theater archive.
30. Randall, Diary of Orville Browning, 20.
31. Curtis statement.
32. Ibid.
33. Niven, Salmon P. Chase Papers, 30.
34. Ibid.
35. Washington Evening Star, April 15, 1865.
36. Niven, Salmon P. Chase Papers, 31.
37. Castel, Johnson, 17; Saint Louis Dispatch, April 15, 1865.
38. Keckley, Behind the Scenes, 191–92.
39. Diary of Gideon Welles, 290.
40. Ibid.
41. Shepard, “Lincoln’s Assassination,” 918.
42. W. Emerson Reck, “Spring Cleaning Brings Lincoln Item to Light,” Ford’s Theater archives.
43. Clara Harris letter to “Dear Mary,” April 25, 1865, Ford’s Theater archives.
44. Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, 222.
45. Henry Rathbone statement, Ford’s Theater archive.
46. Chicago Tribune, April 17, 1865.
18. Black Easter
1. J. C. Power, Abraham Lincoln, His Great Funeral Cortege, from Washington City to Springfield, Illinois, with a History and Description of the National Lincoln Monument (Springfield, Ill., 1872), 13; Springfield Illinois State Journal, April 17, 1865.
2. John Downing, Jr. letter, Ford’s Theater archives.
3. Burlingame, Lincoln Observed, 193.
4. Parsons, “General Parsons Writes of Lincoln’s Death,” 356.
5. Power, Abraham Lincoln, 127.
6. Stewart, “Lincoln’s Assassination,” 285.
7. San Francisco Daily Alta California, April 20, 23, 1865.
8. Weichmann, A True History of the Assassination, 180.
9. Richard N. Current, The Lincoln Nobody Knows (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1958), 282–83.
10. “The Most Solemn Easter,” Lincoln Lore, April 10, 1933, 1.
11. Louis Philip Fusz diary, 71; Leroy P. Graf, ed., The Papers of Andrew Johnson, vol. 7 (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1986), 557; “The Truth Plainly Spoken,” pamphlet, Illinois State Historical Library, Springfield.
12. Albany (N.Y.) Evening Journal, April 17, 1865.
13. Graf, Papers of Andrew Johnson, 570.
14. Boston Daily Advertiser, April 17, 1865.
15. Clara Harris letter to “Dear Mary,” April 25, 1865, Ford’s Theater archive.
16. Brooks, Washington, D.C. in Lincoln’s Time, 66.
17. Washington Evening Star, April 17, 1865.
18. Ibid., April 15, 1865.
19. New York Times, April 18, 1865; Washington Daily Times, April 18, 1865.
20. Washington Evening Star, April 15, 17, 1865.
21. Hartford (Conn.) Daily Times, April 15, 1865; Boston Daily Advertiser, April 17, 1865.
22. Benjamin B. French papers, letter of Francis O. French, April 23, 1865, Library of Congress.
23. Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald, October 3, 1915.
24. Washington Evening Star, April 17, 1865.
25. Ibid.; Philadelphia Inquirer, April 17, 1865; “Two Letters,” April 18, 1865, Illinois State Historical Society.
26. Providence Daily Journal, April 18, 1865; Washington Evening Star, April 17, 1865.
27. R. A. Camm, “From Sailor’s Creek to Johnson’s Island, Lake Erie,” Southern Bivouac, vol. 2 (Wilmington, N.C.: Broadfoot, 1992), 444.
28. John James letter, to “Dear Parents,” April 17, 1865, Ford’s Theater archive.
29. Beverly Wilson Palmer, ed., The Selected Letters of Charles Sumner (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1990), 294.
19. A Double Disaster
1. Chicago Tribune, April 21, 1865.
2. Margie Riddle Bearss, “Messenger of Lincoln’s Death Herself Doomed,” Lincoln Herald, Spring 1978, 50.
3. Abbott, “Southern Reaction,” 115–16.
4. Margaret MacKay Jones, ed., The Journal of Catherine Devereux Edmonston, 1860–1866 (Frankfort: Kentucky Historical Society), 104.
5. Emma LeConte, When the World Ended: The Diary of Emma LeConte (New York: Oxford University Press, 1957), 92–93.
6. Myrta Lockett Avary, Dixie after the War: An Exposition of Social Conditions Existing in the South, during the Twelve Years Succeeding the Fall of Richmond (New York: Doubleday, 1906), 83.
7. Bryan, The Great American Myth, 384.
8. Steers, Blood on the Moon, 45.
9. Hanchett, The Lincoln Murder Conspiracies, 33–34; Paul H. Bergeron, ed., The Papers of Andrew Johnson, vol. 8 (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1989), 28; James O. Hall, “The Dahlgren Papers: A Yankee Plot to Kill President Davis,” Civil War Times Illustrated, November 1983, 33, 35.
10. Amanda Virginia Chappelear diary, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond.
11. Raleigh (N.C.) Daily Progress, May 17, 1865.
12. Turner, Beware the People Weeping, 96.
13. O. S. Barton, Three Years with Quantrill: A True Story Told by His Scout John McCorkle (1914; rpt., Norman: University of Oklahoma, 1992), 204–05.
14. James R. James, To See the Elephant: The Civil War Letters of John A. McKee, 1861–1865 (Kansas City, Mo.: Leathers, 1998), 146.
15. Goodrich, The Day Dixie Died, 47.
16. Abbott, “Southern Reaction,” 126.
17. Frankfort (Ky.) Commonwealth, June 13, 1865.
18. Avary, Dixie after the War, 82.
19. Spencer Bidwell King, Jr., ed., The War-time Journal of a Georgia Girl, 1864–1865 (Macon, Ga.: Ardivan, 1960), 172–73.
20. Glenn Hodges, Fearful Times: A History of the Civil War Years in Hancock County, Kentucky (Hawesville, Ky.: Hancock County Historical Society, 1986), 75.
21. J. Winston
Coleman, Jr., Lexington during the Civil War (Lexington, Ky.: Henry Clay, 1968), 43.
22. Edward W. Morley papers, “Dear Father,” April 18, 1865, Library of Congress.
23. George Andrew Huron collection, “Recollection of Lincoln,” Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka.
24. 1865 diary, Northcott Collection, Kentucky Museum, Bowling Green.
25. Carolyn L. Harrell, When the Bells Tolled for Lincoln (Macon, Ga.: Mercer University, 1997), 43.
26. Jedediah Hotchkiss papers, Library of Congress.
27. Mary B. Ford diary, Filson Club Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky.
28. Abbott, “Southern Reaction,” 113.
29. George Cary Eggleston, A Rebel’s Recollections (Bloomington: Indiana University, 1959), 184.
30. Harrell, When the Bells Tolled for Lincoln, 41, 42.
31. Ibid., 39.
32. Searcher, The Farewell to Lincoln, 46.
33. James P. Jones, “Lincoln’s Avengers: The Assassination and Sherman’s Army,” Lincoln Herald, Winter 1962, 187.
34. Charles Deamude letter, Illinois State Historical Library, Springfield.
35. Bearss, “Messenger of Lincoln’s Death,” 50.
36. Ibid.
37. Springfield Illinois State Journal, May 23, 1865.
38. John N. Ferguson diaries, Library of Congress.
39. Mary E. Kellogg, ed., Army Life of an Illinois Soldier, Including a Day-by-Day Record of Sherman’s March to the Sea: Letters and Diary of Charles W. Wills (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996), 371.
40. Jones, “Lincoln’s Avengers,” 188; Solomon B. Childress journal, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis.
41. Mary Iona Chadick diary, Alabama State Archives, Montgomery.
42. Louis Filler, ed., “Waiting for the War’s End: An Ohio Soldier in Alabama after Learning of Lincoln’s Death,” Ohio History, Winter 1965, 56.
43. Filler, “Waiting for the War’s End,” 56.
44. Ivan Barr letter, April 24, 1865, Buckley Family papers, Library of Congress.
45. New Orleans Daily Picayune, April 23, 1865.
46. Harrell, When the Bells Tolled, 51.
47. New Orleans Daily Picayune, April 30, 1865.
48. Richard L. Troutman, ed., The Heavens Are Weeping: The Diaries of George Richard Browder, 1852–1886 (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 1987), 197.
49. John E. Wilkins diary, Lincoln Museum, Fort Wayne, Indiana; New York Times, May 2, 1865; Charles East, ed., The Civil War Diary of Sarah Morgan (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1991), 608; New Orleans Tribune, April 20, 1865.
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