19.Norgate, Richard the Lionheart, p146.
20.Runciman, Crusades, vol. 3, p18.
21.Runciman, Crusades, vol. 3, p23.
22.Gillingham, Richard the Lionheart, pp165–67.
23.Gillingham, Richard I, p3.
24.Runciman, Crusades, vol. 3, p43–44.
25.Heraldry, p91.
26.Norgate, Richard the Lionheart, p250.
27.Norgate, Richard the Lionheart, pp254–55.
28.Boyle, p154.
29.Boyle, p176.
30.Gillingham, Richard the Lionheart, pp224–25.
31.Gillingham, Richard the Lionheart, p234.
32.Boyle, p199. The song can be heard on The Cross of Red: Music of Love and War from the Time of the Crusades, New Orleans Musica da Camera, Centaur (CRC 2373), 1998.
33.Norgate, Richard the Lionheart, p278.
34.Gillingham, Richard I, p31.
35.Gillingham, Richard the Lionheart, p33.
36.Norgate, Richard the Lionheart, p199.
37.Gillingham, Richard I, pp256–57.
38.Gillingham, Lionheart or Richard I, pp264–65.
39.Norgate, vol. 2, p380.
40.Norgate, vol. 2, p380.
41.Gillingham, Lionheart or Richard I, p264.
42.Gillingham, John. ‘The Unromantic Death of Richard I’, passim.
43.Gillingham, Richard the Lionheart, p13.
44.Joinville, Life of St Louis, p305.
Chapter 6
1.Clanchy, p192.
2.Warren, King John, pp49–50.
3.Gillingham, The Angevin Empire, p87.
4.Powicke,FM. The Loss of Normandy, p194.
5.Warren, King John, p53.
6.Warren, King John, pp54–56.
7.Warren, King John, p56.
8.Warren, King John, pp67–69.
9.Clanchy, pp186–87.
10.Powicke, Loss of Normandy, p223.
11.Plantagenet Chronicles, p274.
12.Powicke, Loss of Normandy, p234.
13.Warren, King John, p91.
14.Powicke, Loss of Normandy, p340.
15.Warren, King John, p96.
16.Powicke, Loss of Normandy, p457.
17.Warren, King John, p86.
18.Powicke, Loss of Normandy, pp248–49.
19.Warren, King John, p95.
20.Powicke, Loss of Normandy, p375, note – bridge was the defect; Warren, King John, p95; Gillingham, The Angevin Empire, p93.
21.Warren, King John, p96.
22.Seward, Monks of War, p36.
23.Villehardouin, pp34–35.
24.Ruskin, John. The Stones of Venice. In Rosenberg, John D, ed. The Genius of John Ruskin: Selections from his Writings, p142.
25.Villehardouin p75.
26.Villehardouin, p92.
27.Villehardouin, p95.
28.Lock, Peter. The Franks in the Aegean, p47, quoting J. Linskill’s translation.
29.Warren, King John, p116.
30.Warren, King John, pp117–20.
31.Villani, Book V, section 38, p149.
32.Weiler, Björn K.U. with Rowlands, Ifor W eds. England and Europe in the reign of Henry III (1216–1272), Chapter 4.
33.Duby, Le dimanche de Bouvines, passim.
34.Warren, King John, p226.
35.Warren, King John, p234.
36.Warren, King John, pp265–67.
37.Carpenter, D.A. Minority of Henry III, pp382–84.
38.Warren, King John, p253.
39.Warren, King John, p254.
40.Clanchy, p 201.
41.Dante, Inferno, Canto X, verse 119, p93.
42.Runciman, Crusades, vol. 3, pp122–23.
43.Runciman, Crusades, vol. 3, pp134–35.
44.Runciman, Crusades, vol. 3, pp146–47.
45.Runciman, Crusades, vol. 3, p149.
46.Housley, The Italian Crusades, p42.
Chapter 7
1.Dunbabin, Jean. Charles of Anjou, p12.
2.Powicke, The Thirteenth century, p87.
3.Powicke, The Thirteenth century, p89.
4.Powicke, The Thirteenth century, p95.
5.Vacquet, Étienne (editor). Saint Louis et l’Anjou, pp71ff.
6.Powicke, The Thirteenth century, p103.
7.Dunbabin, Charles of Anjou, p10. Although the term ‘porphyrogenitus’ is specifically Byzantine, the concept goes back at least as far as the 5th century BC. Herodotus in the Persian Wars (Book VII, Chapter 3) alludes to the fact that in Sparta a son born to a king after he took the throne had a superior claim to any previous sons.
8.Jehel, Georges. Les Angevins de Naples, p94.
9.Dunbabin, Charles of Anjou, p42.
10.Dunbabin, Charles of Anjou, p42.
11.Dante, Purgatorio, Canto 20, lines 61–65, pp187, 89.
12.Dunbabin, Charles of Anjou, p13.
13.Gardner, Julian. ‘Seated kings, sea-faring saints and heraldry : some themes in Angevin iconography’, L’État angevin. Pouvoir, culture et société entre XIIIe et XIVe siècle. Actes du colloque international (Rome-Naples, 7–11 novembre 1995), pp120–21.
14.Dunbabin, Charles of Anjou, p9.
15.Aurell, La Vielle et L’Epee, pp161–62.
16.Abulafia, David. The Western Mediterranean Kingdoms, p47.
17.Joinville, p263.
18.Joinville, p265.
19.Joinville, p272.
20.Joinville, p274.
21.Dunbabin, Charles of Anjou, p47.
22.Dunbabin, Charles of Anjou, pp52–53.
23.Barraclough, The Medieval Papacy, p95.
24.Barraclough, The Medieval Papacy, p114.
25.Barraclough, The Medieval Papacy, pp115–16.
26.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, p57.
27.Housley, The Italian Crusades, p82.
28.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, p30.
29.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, pp64–65.
30.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, pp32–33.
31.Vale, Origins of the Hundred Years War, p56.
32.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, p35.
33.Housley, The Italian Crusades, p42.
34.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, p43.
35.Lock, pp87–88.
36.Barber, Malcolm, ’Western attitudes to Frankish Greece in the thirteenth century’, Mediterranean Historical Review, vol. 4, issue 1, 1989, quoting Nicephorus Gregoras,
37.Lock, Franks in the Aegean, p305.
38.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, pp66–68.
39.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, p67.
40.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, p69.
41.Villani, Book VI, section 89, p193.
42.Housley, The Italian Crusades, pp44–45.
43.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, p83.
44.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, p85.
45.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, pp89–90.
46.Villani, Book VII, section 5, p205.
47.Housley, The Italian Crusades, p42.
48.Villani, Book VII, section 9, p213.
49.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, p97.
50.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, p98.
51.Dunbabin, Charles of Anjou, p201.
52.Jehel, pp98–99.
53.Dunbabin, Charles of Anjou, p83.
54.Dunbabin, Charles of Anjou, p93.
55.Jackson, Peter. The Mongols and the West, p168.
56.Gaposchkin, M. Cecilia. The Making of Saint Louis: Kingship, Sanctity, and Crusade in the Later Middle Ages, passim.
57.Aurell, p168.
58.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, p108.
59.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, p108.
60.Villani, Book VII, Section 26, p233.
61.See Runciman’s brilliant account of the battle, The Sicilian Vespers, pp110–13.
62.Villani, Book VII, Section 26, p233.
63.Medieval Italy, Texts in Translation, ed Katherine Jansen, Joanna Drell and Frances Andrews, p135.
64.Medieval Italy, Texts in Translation, pp136–37.
65.Sc
ales, Len. The shaping of German identity: authority and crisis, 1245–1414, p345.
66.Villani, Book VII, Section 29, p240.
67.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, p117.
Chapter 8
1.Dunbabin, Charles of Anjou, pp209–10.
2.Brentano, Rome before Avignon, p98.
3.Dunbabin, Charles of Anjou, p117.
4.Joinville, Life of Saint Louis, p346.
5.Dunbabin, Charles of Anjou, pp195–96.
6.Lower, Michael. ‘Louis IX, Charles of Anjou, and the Tunis Crusade of 1270’, in Crusades: Medieval Worlds in Conflict, p174.
7.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, p141.
8.Villani, Book VII, Section 37, p246.
9.Villani, Book VII, Section 38, p249.
10.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, pp141–42.
11.Dunbabin, Charles of Anjou, p39.
12.Dunbabin, Charles of Anjou, pp119, 182.
13.Villani, Book VII, section 42, p255.
14.Dunbabin, Charles of Anjou, p147.
15.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, pp162–64.
16.Dunbabin, Charles of Anjou, p96.
17.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, p185.
18.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, pp195–96.
19.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, pp205ff.
20.Villani, Book VII, Section 61, p267.
21.Abulafia, Western Mediterranean, p79.
22.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, p220.
23.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, pp229–30.
24.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, pp236–37.
25.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, pp240–41.
26.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, pp247–48.
27.Villani, Book VII, Section 95, p274.
28.Villani, Book VII, Section 95, p274.
29.Dunbabin, The French in Sicily, p275.
30.Abulafia, Western Mediterranean, p86.
31.Froissart, Jean, Chronicles, vol. 2, Chapter CXLIX, p518.
32.L’Europe des Anjou, p50.
33.L’Europe des Anjou, p51.
34.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, pp264–66.
35.Dunbabin, The French in Sicily, p107.
36.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, p267.
37.Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers, p269.
38.L’Europe des Anjou, pp16–17.
39.Dunbabin, The French in Sicily, p201.
40.Dubois, Pierre. De Recuperatone Terre Sancte: Traité de Politique Générale, ed. Langlois, Ch.-V, passim.
41.Dunbabin, The French in Sicily, pp203–210.
42.Budak, Neven et Jurković, Miljenko. ‘La politique adriatique des Angevins’, Les Princes Angevins du XIIIe au XVe Siècle: un destin européen, eds. Noël-Yves Tonnerre and Élisabeth Verry, pp204-05.
43.Engel, p128.
44.Engel, pp129–30.
45.St Clair Baddeley, Welbore. Robert the Wise and His Heirs, 1278–1352, p23.
46.Quoted in Decameron pXXXIX.
47.Abulafia, Western Mediterranean, p153.
48.Leone de Castris, Pierluigi. Ori, argenti, gemme e smalti della napoli angioina, pp77–85. This is the catalogue to the exhibition of 2014 at the treasury of Naples cathedral, when the bust was reunited with a stunning collection of other 14th-century Angevin objects.
49.Carolus-Barré Louis. ‘Les enquêtes pour la canonisation de saint Louis — de Grégoire X à Boniface VIII — et la bulle Gloria laus, du 11 août 1297’, Revue d’ histoire de l’Église de France, Tome 57, No. 158, pp28–29.
50.Gardner, ‘Seated kings, sea-faring saints and Angevin heraldry’, pp120–21.
51.Welbore, Robert the Wise, p22.
52.Brentano, p259.
53.Dunbabin, The French in Sicily, p36.
54.Barraclough, p143.
Chapter 9
1.Abulafia, Western Mediterranean, pp139–40.
2.Kelly, Samantha. The new Solomon: Robert of Naples (1309–1343) and fourteenth-century kingship, pp195–98.
3.Kelly, p68.
4.Welbore, Robert the Wise, p134.
5.Scales, Len. The shaping of German identity: authority and crisis, 1245–1414, p345.
6.Kelly, pp81–82.
7.Kelly, p130.
8.Kelly, pp186, 189.
9.Kelly, pp87–88, quoting Léonard, Angevins of Naples.
10.Kelly, p88.
11.Petrarch, Francesco, trans. and ed. James Harvey Robinson and Henry Winchester Rolfe. Petrarch: The First Modern Scholar and Man of Letters, p71.
12.Robert d’Anjou, ed. M. Dykmans. ‘La vision bienheureuse. Traité envoye au pape Jean XXII’, Miscellanea Historiae Pontificiae pp74*–75*.
13.Dykmans, pp81*–82*.
14.Gilli, F.; Vauchez, A.; Arnaldi, G. ‘L’intégration manquée des Angevins en Italie: le témoignage. des historiens’, Collection de l’Ecole française de Rome, Vol 245, p27.
15.Kelly, p205.
16.Potter, p65.
17.L’Europe des Anjou, pp74ff.
18.Duran, Michelle M. ‘The Politics of Art: Imaging Sovereignty in the Anjou Bible at Leuven’, Academia.edu.
19.Kelly, p33.
20.Old Provence, vol. 2, p329.
21.Petrarch, ed. Robinson, p413.
22.Petrarch, ed. Robinson, p71.
23.Kelly, p49.
24.Coulter, Cornelia C. ‘The Library of the Angevin Kings at Naples’, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, Vol. 75, 1944, pp143,149.
25.Villani, Book VIII, section 112, p390.
26.Lock, p106.
27.Lock, pp114–15, 119.
28.Kelly, pp209–10.
29.Lock, p130.
30.Jackson, Mongols and the West, p16.
31.Engel, p100.
32.Engel, p133.
33.Engel, p137.
34.L’Europe des Anjou, p176.
35.Barker and Barber, Tournaments, pp103–4.
36.L’Europe des Anjou, pp178–79.
37.Engel, p155.
38.Budak and Jurković, pp206-08.
39.The cross is beautifully enamelled and was made c1330; it is in room 40 of the British Museum. See also Engel, p135.
40.Engel, pp135–39.
41.Casteen, Elizabeth. From She-Wolf to Martyr: The Reign and Disputed Reputation of Johanna I of Naples, pp37–38.
42.Casteen, pp43–44.
43.Welbore, Robert the Wise, p344.
44.Welbore, Robert the Wise, pp345–46.
45.Welbore, Queen Joanna, p52.
46.Petrarca, Francesco. Epystole familiares, Biblioteca Italiana, Roma, 2004, Book VI, letter 5, ‘Ad Barbatum Sulmonensem, de miserabili et indigna morte regis Andree’.
47.Casteen, pp53–54.
48.Welbore, pp388–89.
49.Welbore, Queen Joanna, p9.
50.Casteen, p102.
51.Welbore, Queen Joanna, p73.
52.Welbore, Queen Joanna, pp77–78.
53.Casteen, p49.
54.Casteen, p49.
55.Casteen, p80.
56.Boccaccio, Giovanni, trans. John Payne. Decameron, pp2–6.
57.Casteen, pp82–83.
58.Casteen, pp86–88.
59.Casteen, p108.
60.Keen, Chivalry, p 192.
61.Casteen, pp93–98.
62.L’Europe des Anjou, p119.
Chapter 10
1.Tuchman, Barbara, A Distant Mirror, p76.
2.Barber, ‘Was the Holy Land Betrayed?’, p41.
3.Seward, Desmond. The Monks of War, pp158–60.
4.Barber, ‘Was the Holy Land Betrayed?’, p35.
5.Tuchman, p44.
6.Allmand, Christopher. The Hundred Years War, p10.
7.Allmand, The Hundred Years War, pp12–13.
8.Reynaud, Marcelle-Renée. Le temps des princes: Louis II et Louis III d’Anjou-Provence, 1384–1434, pp18, 22. See also the full grant of Anjou to Louis I in Lecoy de la Marche, A. Le Roi René: Sa Vie, Son Administration, Ses Travaux Artistiques et Littéraires d’aprés les documents inédits des archives
de France et d’Italie, vol 2, pp206-08.
9.Froissart, Jean. Chronicles, vol. 1, Chapter CXXVIII, p325; Seward, Hundred Years War, p35.
10.Froissart, Chronicles, vol. 1, Chapter L, p144.
11.Froissart, Chronicles, vol. 1, Chapter CXXVIII, pp324–26; Seward, Hundred Years War, pp64–66.
12.Allmand, Hundred Years War, p106; Seward, Hundred Years War, p33.
13.Froissart, Chronicles, vol. 1, Chapter CLXI, p437; Seward, Hundred Years War, pp86–93.
14.Froissart, Chronicles, vol. 1, Chapter CLXXVI, pp469–70.
15.Tuchman, pp163–67.
16.Seward, Hundred Years War, pp99–100.
17.Tuchman, p202.
18.Tuchman, p231.
19.Tuchman, pp264–65; 293–24.
Chapter 11
1.Casteen, p143.
2.Casteen, pp128–29.
3.Casteen, pp131–32.
4.Casteen, pp133–40.
5.Casteen, p168.
6.Casteen, pp166, 176.
7.Engel, p162.
8.Engel, p158.
9.Engel, pp164–67.
10.Engel, p169.
11.Reynaud, p24; Casteen, p148.
12.Casteen, p145.
13.Casteen, p212.
14.Casteen, pp198–203.
15.Casteen, p241.
16.Casteen, pp206-07.
17.Froissart, Chronicles, vol. 2, Chapter XCVI, pp301-04; Chapter CL, pp519–21.
18.Casteen, p123.
19.Boccaccio, Giovanni, translated Virginia Brown. Famous Women (I Tatti Renaissance Library), Chapter 106.
20.Tuchman, pp399–409.
21.Engel, pp195–98.
22.Engel, pp199–201.
23.L’Europe des Anjou, pp239–40.
24.L’Europe des Anjou, p242.
25.Przybyszewski, Fr. Bolesław, trans. Bruce MacQueen. Saint Jadwiga, Queen of Poland 1374–1399, pp37, 41.
26.L’Europe des Anjou, p243.
27.L’Europe des Anjou, pp244, 242.
28.Przybyszewski, pp80–81.
29.Froissart, Chronicles, vol. 4, Chapter CI, p517.
30.Engel, p203.
31.Rezachevici, Constantin. ‘From the Order of the Dragon to Dracula’, Journal of Dracula Studies, vol 1, 1999, pp3–7.
32.Reynaud, Marcelle-Renée. Le temps des princes: Louis II et Louis III d’Anjou-Provence, 1384–1434, p19.
33.Kekewich, Margaret L.. The good king: René of Anjou and fifteenth-century Europe, p51.
34.Senneville, Gérard de. Yolande d’Aragon: la reine qui a gagné la Guerre de Cent Ans, pp26–27.
35.Lecoy de la Marche, A. Le Roi René: Sa Vie, Son Administration, Ses Travaux Artistiques et Littéraires d’aprés les documents inédits des archives de France et d’Italie, vol 1, pp24–25.
36.Senneville, p36.
37.Senneville, pp41–43.
38.Senneville, pp46–50.
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