Dedication
I dedicate this book to all those men and women who have devoted their lives to freedom, by fighting against occupation, totalitarian regimes and inquisitions of every kind.
1
The general of the charioteers sat at the left hand of Apophis, Emperor of the Hyksos. It was a much-sought-after honour to sit beside the most powerful ruler in the world and watch the ordeal of the bull, yet he was extremely worried. The inhabitants of Avaris, the imperial capital in the Egyptian Delta, spoke of this ordeal with fear, even though they did not know exactly what it was.
The two men were sitting on a platform, overlooking an arena and a circular structure called the ‘labyrinth’. It was said that no one emerged from the labyrinth alive.
The general looked down at it. At first glance, there seemed nothing dangerous about the place. It was made up of a twisting, turning path marked out by partition walls, which were covered here and there with greenery. It looked impossible to go wrong: there was only that one winding path, and it led towards the way out.
‘You seem rather tense,’ commented Apophis in his hoarse, blood-chilling voice.
‘Yes, I am, Majesty. Your invitation to the palace, here to the labyrinth … I don’t know how to thank you,’ stammered the general, not daring to look at the emperor.
Apophis was a tall, very ugly man, with a prominent nose, flaccid cheeks, a bulging stomach and thick legs. He allowed himself only two small vanities: an amethyst scarab mounted on a gold ring, which he wore on the little finger of his left hand, and an amulet in the form of an ankh,*which he wore round his neck and which endowed him with the right of life and death over his subjects.
As ‘Beloved of the God Set’, Apophis had proclaimed himself Pharaoh of Upper and Lower Egypt and had tried to write his coronation names on the sacred tree in the city of Iunu, as the rites required. But the leaves had proved unwilling, refusing to accept him. So Apophis had murdered the High Priest, ordered the closure of the temple, and announced that the ritual had been carried out correctly.
For some time now, the emperor had been dissatisfied.
Much was going well. In the islands off the coast of Mycenae, Jannas, the impressive and ruthless commander of the Hyksos war-fleet, was hunting down pirates who had dared to attack the empire’s trading-fleet. Several small Asian princedoms had displayed a wish for independence, but elite troops were putting an end to such wishes by massacring the rebels, burning their towns and villages and bringing back droves of slaves to Egypt.
These episodes had served Apophis’s grand design: to increase still further the size of his empire, which was already the largest ever known: Nubia, Canaan, Syria, Lebanon, Anatolia, Cyprus, the Mycenaean islands, Minoa and the Asian steppes had all bowed their heads before him, and feared his military might. But this was only a stage in the process, and the Hyksos invaders, who included soldiers of many diverse races, must continue their conquest of the world.
The centre of that world was Egypt, the Egypt of the pharaohs. The Hyksos had invaded and overrun the country with surprising ease, putting an end to long centuries of civilization based on the rule of the goddess Ma’at: justice, righteousness and unity. The Egyptians had proved feeble soldiers, and their resistance to the invaders’ brute force and new weapons had been pitiful. Now he, Apophis, was Pharaoh.
He had set up his capital at the small town of Avaris, which was dedicated to the cult of Set, the god of storms and violence who had rendered him invincible. The town was now the principal city in Middle Egypt. Over it loomed an impregnable citadel, from whose walls the emperor liked to gaze down upon the port, which was always filled with hundreds of warships and trading-vessels. Inland from the port, the town itself had, in accordance with Apophis’s wishes, assumed the appearance of one gigantic barracks, a paradise for his soldiers, who were waited upon by Egyptians forced into slavery.
The pharaoh should have been wholly content. But, incredibly, in the south of this defeated, destroyed Egypt, a rebellion was taking shape. At the insignificant and moribund town of Thebes, an equally insignificant prince named Seqen and his wife, Ahhotep, had dared to take up arms against the emperor.
Apophis scowled at the general. ‘What, precisely, is happening?’ he demanded.
‘The situation is under control, Majesty.’
‘Where is the battlefront now?’
‘At the town of Qis, Majesty.’
‘Qis? That’s seven days’ march north of Thebes, isn’t it?’
‘Approximately, Majesty.’
‘That means Seqen’s ridiculous army has conquered a huge amount of territory—far too much.’
‘Oh no, Majesty!’ said the general hastily. ‘The rebels sailed down the Nile surprisingly quickly, and they tried to break through our lines with a lightning strike, but they have not established their rule over the provinces they passed through. In reality, their actions were more spectacular than dangerous.’
‘All the same, we have suffered several setbacks.’
‘The rebels took a few detachments by surprise, but I took rapid action and halted their advance.’
‘At the cost of heavy losses, it would seem.’
‘Their weapons may be archaic, but these Egyptians fight like wild animals. Fortunately, our chariots and horses give us enormous superiority. And also, Majesty, do not forget that we killed Seqen.’
Apophis kept his expression unreadable as he thought, ‘Only because we have a spy at the heart of the enemy’s organization.’ Aloud, he asked, ‘Where is Seqen’s body?’
‘The Egyptians managed to recover it, Majesty.’
‘A pity. I’d have liked to hang it from the tallest tower in Avaris. What about Queen Ahhotep? Is she still at liberty?’
‘Unfortunately, yes. But she’s only a woman, after all. Now that her husband’s dead, all she can do is surrender. The tatters of the Egyptian army will soon disperse, and we shall destroy them.’
‘Ah!’ exclaimed the emperor, turning to look down into the circular arena. ‘The entertainment is beginning.’
An enormous bull with blazing eyes and pounding hooves came thundering into the arena, into which a naked, defenceless man was immediately flung.
The general went pale. The unfortunate victim was his own second-in-command, who had fought courageously at Qis.
‘The game is as simple as it is amusing,’ said Apophis. ‘The bull charges at its adversary, whose only means of survival is to seize its horns and execute a perilous leap over its back. A Minoan painter, Minos, is decorating my palace, and he says it is a very fashionable sport in his country. A clever man, Minos. Thanks to him, my paintings are more beautiful than the ones at Knossos, don’t you think?’
‘Oh yes, Majesty.’
‘Look at that bull. He’s a real giant, and he has a thoroughly vicious temper.’
He was right. The bull instantly charged its victim, who made the mistake of turning and trying to run away. The monstrous horns sank into his back. Snorting, the bull tossed the dying man through the air, trampled on him and gored him again.
Apophis grimaced in disgust. ‘That worthless creature was as disappointing in the arena as he was in battle. Running away—that’s all he was good for. But the responsibility for our defeats rests with his superior, does it not?’
The general began to sweat profusely. ‘Nobody could have done better, Majesty, I assure you, I—‘
‘You are a fool, General. First, because you failed to foresee that attack; second, because your soldiers were defeated several times on Egyptian soil, and did not conduct themselves like true Hyksos; lastly, because you think that the enemy has been beaten. Stand up.’
Dumb with horror, the general obeyed.
T
he emperor unsheathed the golden-hilted dagger he always wore. ‘Go down into the labyrinth, or I shall slit your throat. This is your only chance of winning my pardon.’
Apophis’s murderous gaze banished all hesitation from the general’s mind, and he leapt down into the labyrinth, landing on his hands and knees on the twisting path.
When he reached the first partition, he saw a blood-stain on the ground. After a moment’s thought, he decided to leap over it, as though over an invisible obstacle. It was just as well he did, for two blades shot out, one from either side, brushing the soles of his feet.
The emperor was highly entertained. Since he had improved the layout of the labyrinth, few candidates had succeeded in getting past this first stage.
The general did the same thing as he emerged from the second bend, and that was his mistake. As he landed, the ground disappeared beneath his feet and he was flung into a pool where a hungry crocodile was waiting. The man’s cries troubled neither the crocodile nor the emperor. A servant hurried to bring Apophis a bronze finger-bowl, and while the crocodile devoured its prey he washed his hands of the matter.
* The looped cross that is the hieroglyphic sign meaning ‘life’.
2
Ahhotep, Queen of Egypt, was in her husband’s tomb, meditating beside his body. Since the flagship had brought back the body back from the front, she had not left it for a moment.
Seqen’s body was disfigured by several mortal wounds. On Ahhotep’s orders, they had not been disguised during mummification: she did not want the signs of Seqen’s courage to be wiped away. He had fought fiercely against the Hyksos hordes until he was eventually overwhelmed, and his bravery had given new heart to his soldiers, who had been terrified by the horse-drawn war-chariots, a new and formidable weapon.
Seqen had fallen passionately in love with Ahhotep, who admired him for his purity and nobility, his thirst for freedom and his readiness to sacrifice his life to restore Egypt’s former greatness. Hand in hand, Seqen and Ahhotep had faced many ordeals before they were able to attack the enemy positions north of Thebes and thus begin to break out of the Hyksos encirclement.
Ahhotep had had the idea of creating a secret desert camp where the soldiers of the army of liberation could be trained for war. She had entrusted this project to Seqen, and as Queen of Egypt had recognized him as Pharaoh. The office was an onerous one but, though born of a humble family, he had proved himself fully worthy of it, right up to his last breath.
The empire of darkness might have turned the royal couple’s life into a wasteland of tears and blood, but there had also been a few shared moments of intense happiness. In Ahhotep’s heart, Seqen would always represent youth, strength and love.
Footsteps sounded in the passageway outside, and the queen’s mother, Teti the Small, came into the tomb. Although the old lady looked incredibly fragile, she was always impeccably dressed and made-up, and fought stubbornly against the dull exhaustion that forced her to sleep in the afternoons and retire early to bed. Devastated herself by Seqen’s death, she was afraid Ahhotep might no longer have the energy she needed if she was to emerge from her suffering.
‘You must eat,’ she advised her daughter.
‘Seqen’s very handsome, isn’t he? We must forget these ugly wounds, and think only of our king’s proud, resolute face.’
‘Ahhotep, you are now the sole ruler of the country. Everyone is awaiting your decisions.’
‘I shall stay at my husband’s side.’
‘You have kept vigil according to our rites, and the period of mummification is over.’
‘No, Mother, I—‘
‘Yes, Ahhotep. And I must say the words you are afraid to hear: the time has come to carry out the funeral ceremonies and seal the tomb.’
‘I won’t do it.’
Frail though she was compared to her magnificent daughter, Teti was unyielding. ‘By behaving like a mere grieving widow, you’re betraying Pharaoh and making his sacrifice pointless. He must now journey to the stars and we must continue the struggle. The soldiers call you “the Queen of Freedom”, don’t they? Then act like one. Go to Karnak, where the priests will transform you into the incarnation of Victorious Thebes.’
The authoritative tone and words pierced Ahhotep’s heart like a dagger-blade. But she knew Teti was right.
Closely guarded, and accompanied by her two sons, Kames and Ahmose, Ahhotep set out for the Temple of Amon at Karnak, where the priests chanted incantations day and night for the immortality of the royal soul.
Since the beginning of the Hyksos occupation, no work had been done to enlarge or adorn Karnak. Protected by an encircling wall, the temple was composed of two main shrines, one with square pillars and the other with pillars carved in the form of Osiris, proclaiming the resurrection of the god murdered by his brother Set. There was a prediction that the door of the shrine containing the statue of Amon, ‘the Hidden One’, would open of its own accord if the Egyptians succeeded in defeating the Hyksos.
When the royal party arrived, the High Priest came to greet them. Fourteen-year-old Kames stood up very straight, but Ahmose, who was only four, clutched his mother’s hand tightly.
The High Priest bowed low before the queen, who was wearing her mother’s gold crown. ‘Majesty, are you ready to embody the conquering fire of Thebes?’
‘I am ready. Kames, take good care of your brother.’
Ahmose began to cry. ‘I want to stay with you—and I want my daddy.’
Ahhotep kissed the little boy tenderly. ‘Your father is in the heavens with the other pharaohs, and we must honour him by finishing his work. To do so, I need the support of everyone, especially our two sons. Do you understand that?’
Gulping back his tears, Ahmose went to his brother, who took him reassuringly by the shoulders.
The High Priest led Ahhotep to the shrine of the goddess Mut, whose name meant both ‘Mother’ and ‘Death’. It was she who had given the young queen the strength to carry on a near-impossible fight, and it was she who would transform the modest city of Thebes into the heart of the war to liberate Egypt.
The High Priest attached a gold uraeus to Ahhotep’s crown, then handed her a bow and four arrows. ‘Majesty, do you swear to fight the darkness?’
‘I swear.’
‘Then may your arrows reach the four corners of the earth.’
Ahhotep shot an arrow to the east, then one to the north, the south and lastly the west. Her noble bearing impressed all the priests.
‘Since the heavens look favourably upon you, Majesty, here are the life you must preserve and the magic you must use.’
The High Priest took an ankh and a sceptre, whose head was shaped like the beast of Set, and held them up before the queen’s eyes.
Strong vibrations passed through Ahhotep’s whole body. Henceforth, she would be the incarnation of an entire people’s hopes.
After the soldiers from the training-camp had paid final homage to the dead pharaoh, the funeral procession set off for the cemetery. Four oxen drew the sarcophagus,*which lay on a wooden sledge. At regular intervals, priests poured milk on to the ground in front of the sledge, to make the runners glide more smoothly.
In this time of war, traditional craftsmanship had been reduced to its most crude and basic form, so Seqen’s funerary furniture was very modest, utterly unworthy of a royal tomb: a scribe’s palette, a bow, sandals, a ceremonial kilt and a crown. Thebes no longer had a single great stone-cutter or sculptor: every one had long since been executed by the Hyksos.
Ahhotep was accompanied in the procession by her sons and her mother, by Qaris, head steward of the palace, and by Heray, who, though his official title was Overseer of Granaries, was also responsible for Thebes’s safety and for catching collaborators with the enemy. There was one notable absence from the ceremonies: Emheb, governor of the town of Edfu, had had to go to Qis to maintain the morale of the troops at the front.
Outside the entrance to the little tomb, which was derisory
compared to the pyramids of the Golden Age, Qaris and Heray stood the sarcophagus upright. Before it was entrusted to the Goddess of the West, who would absorb Seqen into her breast where he would be reborn, his mouth, eyes and ears must be reopened.
The funerary priest handed the queen a wooden adze. As soon as she touched it, it broke.
‘We haven’t another one,’ he lamented. ‘That was the last one dedicated when Pharaoh ruled Egypt.’
‘The sarcophagus cannot remain lifeless!’ protested Ahhotep.
‘Then, Majesty, we must use the adze called “Way-Opener”.’
‘But it is in Asyut,’ said Qaris in alarm, ‘and Asyut is far from safe.’
‘Nevertheless, we must go there at once,’ said the queen.
‘Majesty, I beg you not to,’ said Qaris. ‘You have no right to run such a risk.’
‘My foremost duty is to ensure that Pharaoh has a peaceful journey to the paradise lands of the afterlife. If I were to fail in that duty, we would be doomed to failure.’
* It is preserved in Cairo Museum (CG 61001).
3
The ancient town of Asyut—known as ‘Way-Opener’ because of its association with ‘the Opener of the Ways’, the jackal-god Wepwawet—lay six days to the north of Thebes. Asyut was in enemy-held territory, and was virtually in its death-throes, but a few brave people still fought on. Two battle-hardened officers in Ahhotep’s army, the Afghan and Moustache, had contacts among them.
Moustache was an Egyptian from the Delta, who had joined the rebel movement almost in spite of himself, though it had since become his reason for living. The Afghan’s livelihood had been destroyed by the invaders. His prime concern was to restore the trade in lapis-lazuli with an Egypt which once again respected the laws of commerce. Together, the two men had braved many dangers. They were wholehearted admirers of Queen Ahhotep, the most beautiful and intelligent woman they had ever met, and would fight with her to the end, whatever might happen.
War of the Crowns Page 1