Montgomerie, T. (February 22, 2010b). BREAKING: Cameron suggests Sir Philip Mawer, custodian of ministerial code, runs an inquiry to get to bottom of bullying allegations #pbage. Twitter.com/TimMontgomerie. Retrieved February 22, 2010, from http://twitter.com/TimMontgomerie/status/9471176686
Montgomerie, T. (January 30, 2010c). Brown Accused of Violence Against Staff in Damaging New Revelations. Conservative Home Website. Retrieved June 15, 2010, from http://conservativehome.blogs.com/leftwatch/2010/01/brown-accused-of-violence-against-staff-in-damaging-new-revelations.html
Montgomerie, T. (2010). Twitpic photo. Twitpic.com. Retrieved May 18, 2010, from http://twitpic.com/1jgg15
Moreno, J. (December 9, 2010). WikiLeaks Cables Had a Huge Impact in Spain, Says El Pais Editor-in-Chief. Guardian Website. Retrieved December 9, 2010, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/09/wikileaks-cables-huge-impact-spain/print
Mottola, C. (2009). Comments on Advertising. In K. H. Jamieson (Ed.), Electing the President 2008: The Insiders’ View (pp. 108–134). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
myPersonality. (August 1, 2016). Welcome to the myPersonality Project Website. myPersonality Project Website. Retrieved February 24, 2017, from http://mypersonality.org/wiki/doku.php?id=start
Nagourney, A. (September 2, 2008a). In Political Realm, “Family Problem” Emerges as Test. New York Times Website. Retrieved November 30, 2011, from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/02/us/politics/02assess.html?pagewanted=print
Nagourney, A. (January 4, 2008b). Obama Takes Iowa in a Big Turnout as Clinton Falters; Huckabee Victor. New York Times Website. Retrieved February 10, 2012, from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/04/us/politics/04elect.html?pagewanted=all
Nederveen Pieterse, J. (2001). Hybridity, So What? The Anti-hybridity Backlash and the Riddles of Recognition. Theory, Culture, and Society, 18 (2–3), 219–245.
News of the World. (February 20, 2010). PM Denies He Hit Aide. News of the World Website. Retrieved February 20, 2010, from http://www.newsoftheworld.co.uk/news/735212/Brown-I-have-never-hit-anyone-in-my-life.html
Nielsen. (March 22, 2010). Americans Using TV and Internet Together 35% More Than a Year Ago. Nielsen Website. Retrieved May 30, 2012, from http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/online_mobile/three-screen-report-q409
Nielsen. (2011a). The Cross-Platform Report, Quarter 1, 2011. Nielsen Website. Retrieved March 2, 2012, from http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/reports-downloads/2011/cross-platform-report-q1-2011.html
Nielsen. (2011b). The Cross-Platform Report, Quarter 3, 2011. Nielsen Website. Retrieved March 2, 2012, from http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/reports-downloads/2012/cross-platform-report-q3-2011.html
Nielsen. (2012). The Cross-Platform Report, Quarter 4, 2011. Nielsen Website. Retrieved May 30, 2012, from http://nielsen.com/us/en/insights/reports-downloads/2012/the-cross-platform-report-q4-2011.html
Nielsen, R. K. (2011). Mundane Internet Tools, Mobilizing Practices, and the Coproduction of Citizenship in Political Campaigns. New Media and Society, 13 (5), 755–771.
Nielsen, R. K. (2012). Ground Wars: Personalized Political Communication in Political Campaigns. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Nord, L. W. (2006). Still the Middle Way: A Study of Political Communication Practices in Swedish Election Campaigns. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 11 (1), 64–76.
Nuttall, S. (February 21, 2010). Oh dear & the Patron of the National Bullying Helpline is … wait for it . . . Ann Widdecombe. Be afraid. Be very afraid Mr Brown! Twitter.com/sarahcopywriter. Retrieved February 21, 2010, from http://twitter.com/sarahcopywriter/statuses/9436865337
O’Carroll, L. (February 15, 2012). Times Digital Subscribers Rise to Just under 120,000. Guardian Website. Retrieved March 7, 2012, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2012/feb/15/times-digital-subscribers-rise
O’Loughlin, B. (April 20, 2010). TV Debate: Initial Twitter Analysis Shows Level of Support for Party Leaders and Winners by Topic. New Political Communication Unit Website. Retrieved April 20, 2010, from http://newpolcom.rhul.ac.uk/npcu-blog/2010/4/20/tv-debate-initial-twitter-analysis-shows-level-of-support-fo.html
Oakeshott, I. (February 21, 2010). Gordon Brown Forced to Deny Hitting Staff. Sunday Times Website. Retrieved February 21, 2010, from http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article7034938.ece#cid=OTC-RSS&attr=797084
Oborne, P. (April 22, 2010). Dirty Tricks of the REAL Nasty Party. Daily Mail Website. Retrieved April 22, 2010, from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-1267912/General-Election-2010-Liberal-Democrats-dirty-tricks-real-nasty-party.html
Operation Leakspin. (2010). Crowdsourcing WikiLeaks Content. Reddit Website. Retrieved July 27, 2011, from http://www.reddit.com/r/leakspin
Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Owen, D. (2010). Media in the 2008 Election: 21st Century Campaign, Same Old Story. In L. J. Sabato (Ed.), The Year of Obama: How Barack Obama Won the White House (pp. 167–186). London: Longman.
Oxford Internet Survey. (2007). The Internet in Britain: 2007. Oxford: Oxford Internet Institute.
Oxford Internet Survey. (2009). The Internet in Britain: 2009. Oxford: Oxford Internet Institute.
Oxford Internet Survey. (2011). Next Generation Users: The Internet in Britain, 2011. Oxford: Oxford Internet Institute.
Pace, J., & Colvin, J. (May 10, 2016). AP Interview: Trump Says Big Rallies His Key Campaign Weapon. AP Website. Retrieved February 17, 2017, from http://bigstory.ap.org/article/ed853e2f84bd42658868a42f997c93fe/ap-interview-donald-trump-says-hes-narrowed-vp-shortlist
Pacewicz, J. (December 20, 2016). Here’s the Real Reason Rust Belt Cities and Towns Voted for Trump. Washington Post. Retrieved February 10, 2017, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/12/20/heres-the-real-reason-rust-belt-cities-and-towns-voted-for-trump/?utm_term=.06d5223a417c
Pack, M. (April 22, 2010). I liked a YouTube video—Sky News Debate: Nick Clegg opening statement http://youtu.be/5EFnJ_pQ2hI?a. Twitter.com/markpack. Retrieved April 22, 2010, from http://twitter.com/markpack/status/12661723684
Packer, G. (2010). The Right to Secrecy. The New Yorker Website. Retrieved November 29, 2010, from http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/georgepacker/2010/11/the-right-to-secrecy.html
Pappas, A. (2010). Die-Hard “West Wing” Fans Keep Show Going by Assuming Characters’ Identities on Twitter. Daily Caller Website. Retrieved December 2, 2010, from http://dailycaller.com/2010/11/29/die-hard-’west-wing’-fans-keep-show-going-by-assuming-characters-identities-on-twitter/print/
Parsons, T. (1951). The Social System. New York: Free Press.
Patterson, T. E. (1993). Out of Order. New York: Knopf.
Patterson, T. E. (1998). Time and News: The Media’s Limitations as an Instrument of Democracy. International Political Science Review, 19 (1), 55–67.
Patterson, T. E. (June 13, 2016). Pre-Primary News Coverage of the 2016 Presidential Race: Trump’s Rise, Sanders’ Emergence, Clinton’s Struggle. Shorenstein Centre on Media, Politics and Public Policy Website. Retrieved February 10, 2017, from https://shorensteincenter.org/pre-primary-news-coverage-2016-trump-clinton-sanders
Pedersen, J. S., & Dobbin, F. (2006). In Search of Identity and Legitimation: Bridging Organizational Culture and Neoinstitutionalism. American Behavioral Scientist, 49 (7), 897–907.
Pengelly, M. (November 13, 2016). Hillary Clinton Blames Comey Letters for Election Defeat, Reports Say. Guardian Website. Retrieved March 8, 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/nov/12/hillary-clinton-james-comey-letters-emails-election-defeat
Pew Research Center. (November 13, 2008a). High Marks for the Campaign, a High Bar for Obama. Pew Research Center for the People and the Press Website. Retrieved December 13, 2011, from http://www.people-press.org/2008/11/13/section-5-the-press-and-campaign-2008/
Pew Research Center. (2008b). Many Say Press Has Been Too Tough on
Palin, Positive Ratings for Coverage of Financial Crisis. Pew Research Center for the People and the Press Website. Retrieved February 28, 2012, from http://www.people-press.org/2008/10/09/many-say-press-has-been-too-tough-on-palin
Pew Research Center. (March 27, 2008c). Obama and Wright Controversy Dominate News Cycle. Pew Research Center for the People and the Press Website. Retrieved December 6, 2011, from http://www.people-press.org/2008/03/27/obama-and-wright-controversy-dominate-news-cycle/
Pew Research Center. (October 11, 2012). One-in-Ten “Dual-Screened” the Presidential Debate. Pew Research Center for the People and the Press Website. Retrieved October 12, 2012, from http://www.people-press.org/2012/10/11/one-in-ten-dual-screened-the-presidential-debate
Pew Research Center. (2016a). 2016 Campaign: Strong Interest, Widespread Dissatisfaction. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.
Pew Research Center. (2016b). Election 2016: Campaigns as a Direct Source of News. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.
Pew Research Center. (2016c). News Use Across Social Media Platforms 2016. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.
Phillips, K. (July 26, 2007). Clinton–Obama Commander Duel: Part 4. New York Times Website. Retrieved December 14, 2011, from http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/07/26/clinton-obama-commander-duel-part-4/
Pierce, A. (April 19, 2010). Who’s to Blame for Cameron’s TV Nightmare? Daily Mail.
Pitney, N. (September 25, 2008). Palin Talks Russia with Katie Couric (video). Huffington Post Website. Retrieved December 2, 2011, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/09/25/palin-talks-russia-with-k_n_129318.html
Plasser, F., & Plasser, G. (2002). Global Political Campaigning: A Worldwide Analysis of Campaign Professionals and Their Practices. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Plouffe, D. (2010). The Audacity to Win: How Obama Won and How We Can Beat the Party of Limbaugh, Beck, and Palin (2nd ed.). London: Penguin.
Political Scrapbook. (March 6, 2010). Macrory Meltdown: Tory Head of Press Proves David Cameron Right with Bizarre Twitter Tirade. Political Scrapbook Website. Retrieved May 28, 2012, from http://politicalscrapbook.net/2010/03/macrory-meltdown-tory-head-of-press-proves-david-cameron-right-with-bizarre-twitter-tirade/
Politico Staff. (October 10, 2016). Full Transcript: Second 2016 Presidential Debate. Politico. Retrieved March 8, 2017, from http://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/2016-presidential-debate-transcript-229519
Pool, I. d. S. (1983a). Forecasting the Telephone: A Retrospective Technology Assessment. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
Pool, I. d. S. (1983b). Technologies of Freedom. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Popkin, S. L. (2006). Changing Media, Changing Politics. Perspectives on Politics, 4 (2), 327–341.
Populus. (2010). Post Debate Poll—April 15, 2010. Populus Website. Retrieved April 20, 2010, from http://www.populuslimited.com/the-times-post-debate-poll-april-15-2010-150410.html
Porter, A., Hope, C., & Prince, R. (April 19, 2010). Cameron Thinks Positive to Counter Threat from Clegg. Daily Telegraph, p. 1.
Powell, L. (2010). Obama and Obama Girl: YouTube, Viral Videos, and the 2008 Presidential Campaign. In J. A. Hendricks & R. E. Denton Jr (Eds.), Communicator-in-Chief: How Barack Obama Used New Media Technology to Win the White House (pp. 83–104). Plymouth, UK: Lexington Books.
Powell, M. (June 4, 2008). Barack Obama: Calm in the Swirl of History. New York Times Website. Retrieved December 6, 2011, from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/04/us/politics/04obama.html?_r=1&oref=slogin&pagewanted=all
Prior, M. (2007). Post-Broadcast Democracy: How Media Choice Increases Inequality in Political Involvement and Polarizes Elections. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Prokop, A. (January 24, 2017). Spicergate, Explained: The Controversy about Trump’s Press Secretary and Crowd Size. Vox. Retrieved January 31, 2017, from http://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/1/24/14356628/sean-spicer-trump-crowds
Ranerup, A. (2007). Electronic Government as a Combination of Human and Technological Agency: Testing the Principle of Symmetry. Information Polity: The International Journal of Government and Democracy in the Information Age, 12 (3), 153–167.
Rasiej, A., & Sifry, M. L. (November 12, 2008). The Web: 2008’s Winning Ticket. Politico.com Website. Retrieved December 13, 2011, from http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1108/15520.html
Rawnsley, A. (2010a). The End of the Party: The Rise and Fall of New Labour. London: Viking.
Rawnsley, A. (February 21, 2010b). RT @lucymanning: National Bullying Helpline tells ITV News they have had several calls from staff at Downing Street complaining about bu . . . Twitter.com/andrewrawnsley. Retrieved February 21, 2010, from http://twitter.com/andrewrawnsley/status/9435705626
Rawnsley, A. (February 22, 2010c). @TimMontgomerie Sir Gus O’Donnell spoke to the Prime Minister about his behaviour. My source for that could not be better. Twitter.com/andrewrawnsley. Retrieved February 22, 2010, from http://twitter.com/andrewrawnsley/statuses/9483015813
RealClearPolitics. (November 8, 2016). General Election: Trump vs. Clinton. RealClearPolitics Website. Retrieved February 20, 2017, from http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/us/general_election_trump_vs_clinton-5491.html
RealClearPolitics. (January 25, 2017). Trump: Favorable/Unfavorable. RealClearPolitics Website. Retrieved January 31, 2017, from http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/other/trump_favorableunfavorable-5493.html
ReasonReport. (October 11, 2016). Donald Trump: “I Love WikiLeaks!” [10/10/16]. YouTube. Retrieved March 10, 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUtT0b0EnSw
Redden, J., & Witshge, T. (2010). A New News Order? Online News Content Examined. In N. Fenton (Ed.), New Media, Old News: Journalism and Democracy in the Digital Age (pp. 171–186). London: Sage.
Reese, S. D. (1991). Setting the Media’s Agenda: A Power Balance Perspective. Communication Yearbook, 14, 309–340.
Reinstein, J. (2017, January 21, 2017). The Crowds for the Women’s March Are Much Larger Than the Inauguration. Buzzfeed. Retrieved January 31, 2017, from https://www.buzzfeed.com/juliareinstein/looks-like-a-lot-more-people-went-to-the-womens-march-than-t?utm_term=.trElmJqpX#.kaJKQ2mG8
Rensin, E. (June 6, 2014). The Great Satirical-News Scam of 2014. New Republic. Retrieved March 8, 2017, from https://newrepublic.com/article/118013/satire-news-websites-are-cashing-gullible-outraged-readers
Rice, A., & Sams, A. (Directors). (2009). By the People: The Election of Barack Obama [Motion Picture]. United States: HBO.
Richardson, K., Parry, K., & Corner, J. (2012). Political Culture and Media Genre: Beyond the News. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Rifkin, J. (1987). Time Wars: The Primary Conflict in Human History. New York: Henry Holt.
Risse, T. (2004). Global Governance and Communicative Action. Government and Opposition, 39 (2), 288–313.
Rizzo, T. (2008). YouTube: The New Cinema of Attractions. Scan: Journal of Media Arts Culture, 5 (1). Retrieved July 10, 2012, from http://scan.net.au/scan/journal/display.php?journal_id=109
Robinson, N. (February 21, 2010a). Brown’s Behaviour. Nick Robinson’s Newslog. Retrieved February 21, 2010, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/nickrobinson/2010/02/browns_behaviou.html
Robinson, N. (February 21, 2010b). Mandelson Comments Backfire. Nick Robinson’s Newslog. Retrieved February 21, 2010, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/nickrobinson/2010/02/mandelson_comme.html
Robinson, N. (February 21, 2010c). No 10 Questions Helpline in Brown “Bullying” Row. Nick Robinson’s Newslog. Retrieved February 21, 2010, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/nickrobinson/2010/02/helplines_invol.html
Robinson, N. (April 15, 2010d). Queasy Feeling. Nick Robinson’s Newslog. Retrieved April 15, 2010, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/nickrobinson/2010/04/queasy_feeling.html
Rogers, P. (April 16, 2010). Finally, the Leaders’ Debate. The Times Election Blog. Retrieved April 30, 2010, from http://timesonline.typepad.com/election10/2010/04/finally-the-leaders-debate.html
> Rosenberg, E. (October 28, 2016). Key Moments in the Downfall of Anthony Weiner. New York Times Website. Retrieved March 8, 2017, from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/29/nyregion/key-moments-in-the-downfall-of-anthony-weiner.html
Rosenberg, H., & Feldman, C. S. (2008). No Time to Think: The Menace of Media Speed and the 24-Hour News Cycle. New York: Continuum.
Roshco, B. (1975). Newsmaking. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Rusbridger, A. (January 28, 2011). WikiLeaks: The Guardian’s Role in the Biggest Leak in the History of the World. Guardian Website. Retrieved June 10, 2011, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2011/jan/28/wikileaks-julian-assange-alan-rusbridger
Rutenberg, J. (September 3, 2008). The Caucus; Fallout for Larry King. New York Times Website. Retrieved December 3, 2011, from http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940CE7DF1331F930A3575AC0A96E9C8B63
Sabato, L. J. (2010). The Election of Our Lifetime. In L. J. Sabato (Ed.), The Year of Obama: How Barack Obama Won the White House (pp. 31–74). London: Longman.
Said, E. (1994). Culture and Imperialism. New York: Knopf.
Saldhana, A. (2003). Review Essay: Actor Network Theory and Critical Sociology. Critical Sociology, 29 (3), 419–432.
Sampson, R. J., MacIndoe, H., McAdam, D., & Weffer-Elizondo, S. (2005). Civil Society Reconsidered: The Durable Nature and Community Structure of Collective Civic Action. American Journal of Sociology, 111 (3), 673–714.
Sandler, T. (2010). Common-Property Resources: Privatization, Centralization, and Hybrid Arrangements. Public Choice, 143 (3–4), 317–324.
Sanger, D. E., Glanz, J., & Becker, J. (November 28, 2010). Around the World, Distress over Iran. New York Times Website. Retrieved June 20, 2011, from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/29/world/middleeast/29iran.html?pagewanted=all
SaveOurSovereignty2. (September 11, 2008). Sarah Palin ABC Interview with Charlie Gibson Part 1. YouTube. Retrieved December 2, 2011, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ALsjhDDdaA
Schlesinger, P. (1977). Newsmen and Their Time-Machine. British Journal of Sociology, 28 (3), 336–350.
The Hybrid Media System Page 53