consciousness (viññāṇa, citta, manas)
aggregate, and the characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate causes of, 365–68, 484n250
base of infinite consciousness (sixth jnāna), 138–39
and the cognitive process, 264–65
eight universal mental components of all conscious processes, 257
infinite expansion of, with kindness, 159
as link in dependent arising, 316, 350–51, 384
and the mental factors associated with consciousness (cetasikas), 255–59
mental formations associated with jhāna, 262
as one of the five aggregates, 299–301, 365
See also specific consciousnesses
contact (phassa)
and causally related processes, 433
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate cause of, 371, 385
as link in dependent arising, 317–18, 336, 352–53
contentment (sukha), 65–66, 67
continuity
of attention, 40, 53, 64
of awareness, 15
compactness of continuity (santatighana), 207–10
continuity of real materiality (rūpassa santati), 363–64
illusion of, 274, 432
of practice, 58, 192
skill in persistence, 198–99
controlling faculties or controlling functions (indriya)
balance of the faculties, importance of, 52–53
basis of, 29–30
clear comprehension (sampajañña), 45–47
concentration (samādhi), 47–50
energy and effort (viriya), 34–42
faith (saddhā), 30–34
mindfulness (sati), 42–45
wisdom (pañña), 50–52
See also specific controlling faculties
conventional reality, 413, 414
corpses
repulsive quality of, as meditation subject, 188–90, 197, 412–13
traditional contemplation of, 105, 186–87
corruptions, ten (upakkilesa), 441–45, 446
See also specific corruptions
counterpart sign. See nimitta (counterpart sign)
counting breaths, meditation instruction, 9–11
craving (taṇhā)
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate causes of, 385
desire and, 16
interrupting, 18
as link in dependent arising, 318–20, 331, 334, 335, 353
meditation instruction, removal of wrong views, conceit, and craving, 427–28
crow, land-finding, 453
D
daily remembrances, five, 183
danger
dangers that are just enough, 14
knowledge of aversive states, 20
in the sixteen knowledges, 431, 448
death
and aging, as link in dependent arising, 323–24, 328, 354, 386
of the arahant, 437–38
the Buddha on, 179, 184
contemplating the corpse, 186–87, 188–90, 197
death consciousness (cuticitta), 367
jhāna potential of, as meditation subject, 197
meditation instruction
contemplating phenomena in incremental time periods, highlighting that materiality disappears stage by stage, 417–19
contemplating phenomena in incremental time periods, highlighting that materiality is born and dies, 416–17
past lifetimes, contemplating in meditative exercises, 346–47
previous lifetimes, contemplating in meditative exercises, 334
preparing for death, 184–86
the shortness of life, 180–84
as vehicle for jhāna, 187–88
See also arising and passing away
deathless element, 453, 455, 457
See also nibbāna
decad kalāpas, 237, 239, 240
See also specific decad kalāpas
decay
meditation instruction, contemplating the repulsiveness of inanimate material phenomena, 412–13
vehicle for jhāna, 187–88
See also corpses
decision (adhimokkha)
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate cause of, 373
mental factor of, 256, 257, 262, 272, 275, 280, 282, 285, 373
as one of the ten imperfections, 443
decision-making, 95, 203, 292, 300, 310
decomposition of the corpse, meditation instruction, 189–90
See also corpses
deconstruction of compactness. See compactness
dedication to awakening, 35, 467
See also effort (viriya)
defilements (kilesavaṭṭa)
cycle of, 433–34
destroyed defilements, reviewing, 462
path knowledge, as the weakening or destruction of, 457, 458–59
schedule of the removal of, 461
yet to be destroyed defilements, 462
See also specific defilements
delight
born of concentration, 81
born of detachment, 77
excessive, 57
in freedom from hindrances, 20, 27–28
and the knowledge of danger, 448
and the knowledge of equanimity toward formations, 452
in practice and meditation, 5, 41
See also pīti (rapture)
deliverance
the knowledge of the desire for, 431, 450
loving-kindness as an immeasurable deliverance of mind, 159
See also enlightenment; nibbāna
delusion (moha)
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate cause of, 380
as defilement, 254, 461
extinguished in nibbāna, 457, 458
mindfulness as protection from, 43
as perpetuating unwise attention, 254
as unwholesome mental factor, 256, 257, 276
dependent arising (paṭiccasamuppāda)
cycle of, 312–24
the five distinct methods, 328–30
meditation instruction
causal relationships in mind-door cognitive processes, 344–45
causal relationships in sense-sphere cognitive processes, 336, 338–43
discerning future existences, 347–49
discerning the causes for this human birth, 330–36
exploring causal relationships between the twelve links, 349–54
further back in time, 346–47
multiplicity of causes, 326–28
past causes, discerning, 324–25
twelve links of, 314
desire (chanda)
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate cause of, 373–74
critique of, 143–44
for deliverance, the knowledge of, 450
incorrect attention and, 16
and mettā practice, dangers of, 177–78
satisfying vs. relinquishing, 19
See also clinging (upādāna); sensual desire (kāmacchanda)
desireless liberation of mind, 454
detachment
body parts meditation and, 105, 110
description of, 398
the first jhāna and, 77
repulsive meditation and, 114
determination
the Buddha on, 40–41
to reach the goal, 40–42
See also diligence
determining consciousness (voṭṭhabbanacitta), 288, 367
Dhamma, 307, 429–30, 442
dhamma, 217
The Dhammapada, 389
digestion, 14, 241, 242–48
digestive fire, 248–49
diligence
the Buddha on, 35, 40–41
of the spider, 36
See also determination
directed attention. See vitakka (initial application of the mind)
directions, ten, 169
disciples, teachings of
the Buddha to, 17, 31, 38–39, 50–51, 52, 98, 397, 429–30, 466
discomfort during meditation, 204
discouragement, 57–58, 467
Discourses of the Buddha
dhamma, 217
on the four jhānas, 49
the paramattha dhammas theory, 216
See also Aṅguttara Nikāya; Majjhima Nikāya; Saṃyutta Nikāya
disenchantment
the Buddha on, 397
description of, 398
the knowledge of, 431, 448–50
with mental and material phenomena, 397
with phenomenal existence, establishment of, 143–44
dispassion
the Buddha on, 397
description of, 398
the knowledge of, 431, 448–50
repulsive meditations and, 114
toward conditioned phenomena, 408
dissolution, the knowledge of, 431, 446–47
distraction
continuity of awareness, developing, 15
daily habits, making choices, 35
and duration of jhāna, 75–76, 77
perception of impermanence as, 72–73
settling distractions, 26–28
skill in thoroughness, 198
divine abiding, 174
divine abodes (brahmavihāras), 148, 159, 177, 197
See also specific divine abodes
doer, the, 211, 212, 213
doubt (vicikicchā)
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate cause of, 383
as defilement, 461
faith, as settling doubt, 31, 32, 33
as the fifth hindrance, 25–26, 27–28
overcoming, 67, 235–36, 456
as unwholesome factor, 256, 257, 277
dukkha. See suffering (dukkha)
dullness
arousing energy when you feel lax, 41
dispelling sluggishness, as support for concentration, 56–57
See also sloth and torpor (thīnamiddha)
duration, the illusion of, 210
duration of absorption, 74–76, 196
E
ear base, 238
ear-consciousness (sotaviññāṇa), 300, 357, 360, 366
ear decad kalāpas, 237
ear door, 343, 349, 350
ear-sensitive element (sotapasāda), 221, 359
earth element (paṭhavīdhātu)
body parts and, 250
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate causes of, 358
in the four elements meditation, 218, 222
properties of, 219
earth kasiṇa, 124–26, 130, 132
eating mindfully, 320
effort (viriya)
arousing energy when you feel lax, 41
determination to reach the goal, 40–42
enhancing, 35–36
the faculty of, 34–35
faith and, 31–32
four applications of, 38–40
skillful, as “just enough,” 36–37
wholesome states, cultivating, 39
eightfold path, 47, 48, 455–56
eight nonopposing characteristics, discerning, 232
ekaggatā (one-pointedness)
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate cause of, 372
concentration as, 47
fifth jhāna factor, one-pointedness of attention on the breath, 62, 66–67, 91
elements
balancing, during four elements meditation, 233
and breaking down the compactness of mass, 210–11
kasiṇas derived from, 124–28
meditation instruction, contemplating the bases and elements as impermanent, unsatisfactory, and not-self, 405–7
See also specific elements
elements, four. See four elements; four elements meditation
emergence, skill in (vuṭṭhāna kusala), 194
emotions
absence of, 142
daily insight into, 470
ebb and flow of, watching, 209
in jhāna, 102
and the third foundation, 44
See also specific emotions
emptiness
and the bhavaṅga state, 74
and the characteristic of not-self, 394, 452
of self-grasping, 305–6
and space, understanding, 136–37
energy (viriya)
arousing, when you feel lax, 41
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate cause of, 373
and effort, the faculty of, 34–35
exertion, as one of the ten imperfections, 443
See also effort (viriya)
enlightenment
the four stages of, 456
further attainments, aspiring to, 463–64
and the removal of defilements, 461
requisites of, 47
See also awakening; freedom; nibbāna
envy (issā)
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate cause of, 382
as defilement, 461
as far enemy of appreciative joy, 177
as unwholesome factor, 256, 257, 276
equanimity (upekkhā)
calming the mind, when it becomes overenthusiastic, 57
categories of beings for upekkhā practice, 175–76
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate causes of, 370, 375
description of, 157–58, 177
in the fourth jhāna, 87, 89
meditation instruction, cultivating upekkhā as a jhāna practice, 173–76
phrases for upekkhā practice, 174–75
as potentially one of the ten imperfections, 443–44k
toward formations, the knowledge of, 452–54
understanding, 177
ethically variable factors
mental factors, thirteen, 256, 262
occasionals, 275, 280, 282, 285, 372–74
universals, 275, 279, 282, 285, 371–72
See also specific ethically variable factors
evenness of mind (tatramajjhattatā), 375
exertion
the Buddha on, 184
dispelling sluggishness, 56
as one of the ten imperfections, 443
and the quality of effort, 37
See also energy (viriya)
existence, three characteristics of, 391–96
exiting absorption. See emergence, skill in (vuṭṭhāna kusala)
experience, the five aggregates of. See aggregates of experience (khandha), five
extremes, avoidance of, 55–56
eye base, 238, 239, 240
eye-consciousness (cakkhuviññāṇa), 288, 300, 340, 341, 366
eye decad kalāpas, 237, 239, 357
eye door, 81, 239, 243, 338, 343, 349, 357, 402, 403, 406
eye-door cognitive processes, 288, 289, 339
“eye of wisdom,” 230–31
eye-sensitive element (cakkhupasāda), 221, 239, 242, 243, 277–78, 288, 290, 359
F
factors, controlling. See controlling faculties (indriya)
factors, jhāna. See jhāna factors
faculties, spiritual. See controlling faculties (indriya)
faith (saddhā)
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate cause of, 374
enhancing with recollections, 33–34
the faculty of, description, 30–33
verified faith vs. bright faith, 32–33
familiarity, the nimitta and, 71–72
fear
the knowledge of appearance as terror, 447–48
overcoming with loving-kindness, 147–48, 159
of wrongdoing (ottappa), 256, 258, 262, 272, 283, 286, 374, 379
fearlessness of wrongdoing (anottappa), 256, 380–81, 461, 471
feeling or feeling tone (vedanā)
aggregate, and the characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate causes of, 369–70
c
haracteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate cause of, 306, 371, 385
as ethically variable factor, 256, 262
feel the feeling practice, 319
as link in dependent arising, 318, 353
mindfulness of, 44
as one of the five aggregates, 297–98
feminine faculty (itthibhāva indriya), 221, 361
fetters
the Buddha on, 188
removal or weakening of, 456, 457–59, 464
fifty-two mental factors, 255–59, 265
See also mental factors; specific mental factors
fine material jhānas. See jhānas, four material
fine-material sphere, 456
fire element (tejodhātu)
body parts and, 250
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate causes of, 359
properties of, 219, 223–24k
and temperature-produced materiality, 247–48
fire kasiṇa, 126–27, 132
five aggregates. See aggregates of experience (khandha), five
five-door adverting consciousness (pañcadvārāvajjana), 268, 288, 339, 365, 406
five-door processes. See sense-door cognitive processes (five-door processes)
five hindrances. See hindrances, five
five masteries, developing, 84
five phases to the four elements meditation, summary of, 219–20
five remembrances, 183
flavor (rasa)
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate causes of, 361
as concrete materiality, 221, 236, 241
of rūpa kalāpas, 239, 242, 243, 244, 245
tongue-consciousness and, 366
tongue element and, 212
flowing
as characteristic of matter, 226, 229, 232
as characteristic of water, 219, 223, 358
Focused and Fearless (Catherine), 134–35
food. See nutriment materiality (ojārūpa)
formations
for analysis, past and present causes, 337
as impermanent, unsatisfactory, and not-self, 435, 439, 441
the knowledge of equanimity toward, 452–54
as link in dependent arising, 350
seeing as danger, 448
See also specific types of formations
four elements
in daily life, 225
discernment of, and body meditations, 115
jhāna potential of, as meditation subject, 197
See also specific elements
four elements meditation
conjunction of the elements, 225–26
difficulties, overcoming, 233–36
earth element, 218, 222
the elements in daily life, 225
fifty-three rūpas of the body door (kāya dvāra), 244
fire element, 223–24
five phases of, 219–20
four ultimate realities, 217
and investigation of subtle material properties, 215–16
material groups (kalāpas), schema of, 242
meditation instruction
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