Wisdom Wide and Deep
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discerning eight nonopposing characteristics, 232
dynamics of matter, analyzing, 247–49
identifying the four elements through twelve characteristics, 226–30
nonreal, nonconcrete materialities, analyzing, 246
real materialities, analyzing, 238–41
a world of matter, 251
parts of the body, by element, 250
phase 1 practice: the four elements, detailed, 218–26
phase 2 practice: smoke, glass, ice, diamonds, and dots, 230–32
phase 3 practice: twenty-eight types of material phenomena, 236–38
phase 4 practice: dynamic matter, 247–49
phase 5 practice: the heart of this matter, 249–52
reality, discovering, 216–17
sixty-three rūpas of the eye, ear, nose, and tongue doors, 243
sixty-three rūpas of the mind door (mano dvāra), 245
twenty-eight types of material phenomena (rūpa), 221
water element, 222–23
wind element, 224–25
See also specific elements
four foundations of mindfulness (satipaṭṭhāna), 43–45, 374
See also mindfulness (sati)
four stages of path knowledge, 457–59
freedom
honesty regarding aspirations for, 324
yearning for, 449–50
See also nibbāna
friendliness
the divine abodes and, 148
universal, to all, 166–67
See also loving-kindness (mettā)
friends
appreciative joy for, 155–57
equanimity in relation to, cultivating, 157–58
focused vs. distracted, 59
mettā practice and, 161–62, 167
fruition knowledge, 459, 462
function (rasa)
within the cognitive series, 266
meditation instruction, defining phenomena by characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate cause, 356–58
understanding, 355
function, the compactness of (kiccaghana), 206, 211–13
future
causes and effects in, 329
concept of, 207
contemplation of death and, 181–82
created through projection, 299
future lives
desire and, 143
discernment of causes of, 324–26
meditation instruction, discerning future existences, 347–49
See also rebirth
G
gatekeeper, metaphor of, 10
gemstone image, the Buddha on reviewing the four elements of the body, 231
generosity (dāna), 33, 34, 39, 56
good fortune of others, acknowledging. See appreciative joy (muditā)
great essentials, 221, 254
greed (lobha)
for the bait, metaphor, 321
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate cause of, 381
for sensual pleasure, the Buddha on, 17
Sutta Nipāta, quotation, 465
as unwholesome factor, 256, 381, 382
grief (domanassa)
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate causes of, 369
the knowledge of appearance as terror, 447–48
meditation instruction, highlighting materiality associated with happiness, 421–22
group, the compactness of, 210–11
H
habits, five steps for changing, 311–12
happiness
appreciative joy and, 155–57
desire and, 19
meditation instruction, highlighting materiality that is associated with happiness, 421–22
with mettā as subject of jhāna concentration, 162
rapturous, as one of the ten imperfections, 442
hardness
as characteristic of matter, 226, 227, 232
as characteristic of the earth element, 124, 219, 222, 358
hatred (dosa)
abandoning, in loving-kindness, 151
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate cause of, 382
exploring, 293
mettā practice and, 151, 161–62
relinquishment of, and equanimity, 157
hearing, as cognitive event, 357
heart base (hadayavatthu), 81–82, 88, 237
heart decad kalāpas, 237, 240
heart materiality (hadayarūpa), 221, 361–62
heat
as characteristic of matter, 226, 228–29
as characteristic of the fire element, 219, 250, 359
fluctuation of, 420
heaviness
as characteristic of matter, 226, 227–28, 232
as characteristic of the earth element, 219, 358k
and the mind-state of rigidity, 291
hindrances, five
closeness of, in the first jhāna, 83
description of, 12–28
overcoming, the five jhāna factors and, 67
ways to investigate, 13
See also specific hindrances
I
“I am” thought
becoming and, 321
the Buddha on, 212
and the compactness of mass, 211
constructions of “I” and “mine,” noticing, 303
and the knowledge of equanimity toward formations, 452
See also self
ideas. See conceptualization
identity. See “I am” thought; self
ignorance (avijjā)
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate causes of, 384
as link in dependent arising, 314–15, 331, 334, 335, 350
illumination
metaphor of the lamp’s flame, 66
as one of the ten imperfections, 441–42
quotation from The Itivuttaka, 61
ill will
as the opposite of loving-kindness, 150, 159
weakening, with loving-kindness, 148, 149
See also aversion (vyāpāda)
“I-making,” 211, 302, 303, 306
immaterial abidings. See jhānas, four immaterial
immaterial attainments, 143–44
immaterial jhānas. See jhānas, four immaterial
immaterial sphere, 97, 456
immeasurable qualities, two, 258
impartiality. See equanimity (upekkhā)
imperfections, ten (upakkilesa), 441–45, 446
See also specific imperfections
impermanence (anicca)
characteristic of, 391–94
dispassion and, 450
insight into, as countering the illusion of continuity, 208–10
meditation instruction
contemplating material and mental phenomena as impermanent, unsatisfactory, and not-self, 402–3
contemplating the bases and elements as impermanent, unsatisfactory, and not-self, 405–7
contemplating the five aggregates as impermanent, unsatisfactory, and not-self, 403–4
perception of, as distraction, 72–73
of real materiality (rūpassa aniccatā), 364
impulsion consciousnesses (javanna)
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate causes of, 367
in the cognitive process of taking nibbāna as object, 454, 455, 457, 459
description of, 268
discerning, in meditative exercise, 278
formations that comprise the impulsion consciousness of unwholesome mental states, 275–77
jhāna consciousness and, 269
in mind-door processes, 274
present causes of, 342–43, 344–45
infinite consciousness
base of (sixth jhāna), 138–39
as meditation subject, 145
See also jhāna, sixth (base of infinite consciousness)
infinite space
base of (fifth jhāna), 137–38
as meditatio
n subject, 145
See also jhāna, fifth (base of infinite space)
initial application. See vitakka (initial application of the mind)
insight
beyond the describable, 399–400
daily insight, 470–71
deepening, 407–8
meditation instruction, contemplating insight knowledge, 445–46
as transformative of life experience, 396–97
See also knowledges, sixteen; vipassanā (insight)
insight, corruption of, 441
See also imperfections, ten (upakkilesa)
insight, imperfection of. See imperfections, ten (upakkilesa)
insight knowledges. See knowledges, sixteen
intensifying factors. See jhāna factors
intention (cetanā)
as action, 309–10
to develop concentration, 59
loving-kindness (mettā) as, 149
intimation. See bodily intimation (kāyaviññatti); verbal intimation (vacāviññatti)
investigating consciousness (santīraṇācitta), 288, 341–42, 367
irreducible realities (paramattha dhammas), the four categories of, 216–18
The Itivuttaka, quotations from, 1, 61, 203
J
javanna. See impulsion consciousnesses (javanna)
jealousy, 18, 177
See also envy (issā)
jhāna
absorption in, stability of, 74–76
access to, in lay life, 2, 3, 469
contemplation of death, as a vehicle for, 187–88
the divine abodes and, 148
eleven skills for jhāna meditation, 191–200
the five masteries, developing, 84
jhāna potential of meditation subjects, 197
meditation instruction
cultivating compassion as a jhāna practice, 170–71
cultivating equanimity as a jhāna practice, 173–76
cultivating joy as a jhāna practice, 172–73
cultivating mettā as a jhāna practice, 162–65, 167–68
discerning mental formations characteristic of jhāna, 261–64
discerning the jhāna cognitive process, 269–70
mental formations associated with, 262
mental formations present in, 271
the threshold of (upacāra samādhi), 76–77, 197
jhāna factors
discerning and reflecting upon, 82–83, 261
in the five masteries, 84
of the four immaterial jhānas, 134
and the four jhānas, 90
intensifying factors, description of, 62–67
meditation instructions, contemplating jhāna factors as impermanent, unsatisfactory, and not-self, 404–5
progression of, 91
See also specific jhāna factors
jhāna, first (happiness born of seclusion)
advantages and disadvantages of, reflecting on, 88
cognitive processes associated with, 270, 272–73
entering by cultivating joy, 172–73
establishing, 77–80
establishing via karuṇā practice, 171
establishing via mettā practice, 164, 167–68
establishing via the object of the repulsive corpse, 189–90
jhāna factors and, 90
meditation instruction for entering, 78–79
repulsiveness meditation, using, 112
jhāna, second (happiness and pleasure born of concentration)
advantages and disadvantages of, reflecting on, 88
cognitive processes associated with, 270
entering by cultivating joy, 172–73
establishing, 80–84
establishing via karuṇā practice, 171
establishing via mettā practice, 164, 167–68
jhāna factors and, 90
meditation to establish emerging, reflecting, and progressing, 81–84
jhāna, third (happiness of equanimity and mindfulness)
advantages and disadvantages of, reflecting on, 89
cognitive processes associated with, 270
entering by cultivating joy, 172–73
equanimity in, and the characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate cause of, 376
establishing, 85–86
establishing via karuṇā practice, 171
establishing via mettā practice, 164, 167–68
jhāna factors and, 90
meditation instruction for entering, 85–86
jhāna, fourth (radiant calm)
cognitive processes associated with, 270
cultivating via equanimity practice, 173–76
equanimity (upekkhā) in, and the characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate causes of, 370
establishing of, 87–90
jhāna factors and, 90
meditation instruction for entering, 87–89
jhāna, fifth (base of infinite space), 137–38, 145
jhāna, sixth (base of infinite consciousness), 138–39, 145
jhāna, seventh (base of nothingness), 139–40, 145
jhāna, eighth (base of neither-perception-nor-nonperception), 140–43, 145
jhānas, four immaterial
cognitive processes associated with, 270
jhāna potential of, as meditation subjects, 197
meditation instruction, the disadvantages of materiality, 135–36
meditation subjects, 145
spaciousness, 136–37
understanding, 133–35
See also specific immaterial jhānas
jhānas, four material
concentration and, 49–50
progressing through, the white kasiṇa and, 120–21
ten kasiṇas and, 131–32
See also specific material jhānas
jhānas, supramundane, 459
joy (sukha)
associated with mental objects, and the characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate causes of, 369
born of seclusion, 77
the Buddha on the joy of freedom from desire, 27
materiality associated with happiness, highlighting, 421–22
meditation instruction, cultivating joy as a jhāna practice, 172–73
joy, appreciative. See appreciative joy (muditā)
joy, sympathetic. See appreciative joy (muditā)
K
kalāpas. See rūpa kalāpas; specific kalāpas
kamma
becoming, as the result of, 321
the Buddha on, 309
contemplation of, in equanimity practice, 174–75
examination of causes and effects, 326
the five remembrances, 183
meditation instruction, contemplating phenomena in incremental time periods, highlighting materiality that arises from kamma, 421
speculation about, as distraction, 324–25
two significant relationships, 336
See also action; dependent arising (paṭiccasamuppāda)
kamma potency (kammasatti)
sensing, in meditative exercises, 332, 335
understanding, 426
karuṇā. See compassion (karuṇā)
kasiṇas
colors, additional, 121–24
definition, 117
derived from elements, 124–28
developing, based on colors, 117–20
establishment of, and the immaterial jhānas, 134–35
of the first four jhānas, 133
the four jhānas, emerging and progressing through, 120–21
jhāna potential of, as meditation subject, 197
kasiṇa training, developing, 128–31
meditation instruction
earth kasiṇa, developing, 125–26
elements as jhāna subjects, using, 126–28
as meditation objects, 95–96, 115
meditation subjects, ten kasiṇas as, 131–32
removing from awareness, the fifth jhāna and, 137–38
and skill in the object, 195
kindness. See loving-kindness (mettā)
knowledge (ñāṇa)
as one of the fifty-two mental factors, 259
as one of the ten imperfections, 442
knowledges, sixteen
of analyzing mentality and materiality, 430, 432
of appearance as terror, 447–48
of arising and passing away, 436–37
of comprehension, 434–36
of conformity with truth, 454–55
of danger, 448
of desire for deliverance, 450
of discerning cause and condition, 432–34
of disenchantment and dispassion, 448–50
of dissolution, 446–47
of equanimity toward formations, 452–54
the fruition knowledge, 459–60
knowledge of reviewing, 460–62
list of, 431
mature knowledge of arising and passing away, 446
meditation instruction
contemplating insight knowledge, 445–46
contemplating the arising and perishing of causes and effects according to the fifth method, 437–39
contemplating the arising and perishing of causes and effects according to the first method, 440–45
path knowledge, 455–59
of reviewing the three characteristics, 450–51
L
lay practice, 2–3, 4–5, 15, 30, 58, 193–94, 466–73, 471–72
laziness, 20, 34–35, 41, 56–57
See also sloth and torpor (thīnamiddha)
letting go
the Buddha on, 50–51
of desire, vs. satisfying desire, 19
jhāna, as training for, 144
the Sutta Nipāta on, 465
Levine, Stephen, 150
liberation. See enlightenment; nibbāna
life, the brevity of, 180–84
life-continuum consciousness (bhavaṅgacitta)
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate causes of, 365
investigating, in meditative exercises, 333–34
as resting state between cognitive processes, 73, 268, 289
life faculty (jivitindriya)
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate causes of, 241, 361, 372
function of, 211–12
life nonad kalāpa, 237, 240, 241, 248–49
light, 441–42
See also illumination
light kasiṇa, 127–28, 132
lightness (lahutā)
arising with tranquility, 442–43
of associated mental factors (kāyalahutā), 376
characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate causes of, 363
as characteristic of matter, 228
of consciousness (cittalajutā), 376
mental, 479n110
light of wisdom (paññāloka), 105, 113, 124, 233, 238, 479n110
limited-space kasiṇa, 128, 132, 133
lineage, the knowledge of change of, 431, 455, 460