United Nations. “Opium Harvest in Afghanistan Hits New High in 2014.” 2014 Afghanistan Opium Survey, November 12, 2014. www.unodc.org/documents/crop-monitoring/Afghanistan/Afghan-opium-survey-2014.pdf.
CHAPTER 3
BBC staff. “Afghan Taliban Splinter Group Names Mullah Rasool as Leader.” BBC News, November 4, 2015. www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34719314.
Borhan, Osman. “The Murree Process: Divisive Peace Talks Further Complicated by Mullah Omar’s Death.” Afghanistan Analysts Network, August 5, 2015. www.afghanistan-analysts.org/en/reports/war-and-peace/the-murree-process-divisive-peace-talks-further-complicated-by-mullah-omars-death/.
Cicilline, David. “US House Passes Bill to Honor Sergeant P. Andrew McKenna Jr.” Press release, website of Congressman Cicilline, March 5, 2018. https://cicilline.house.gov/press-release/us-house-passes-bill-honor-sergeant-p-andrew-mckenna-jr.
Clark, Kate. “The Triple Attack in Kabul: A Message? If So, to Whom?” Afghanistan Analysts Network, August 10, 2015. www.afghanistan-analysts.org/en/reports/war-and-peace/the-triple-attack-in-kabul-a-message-if-so-to-whom/.
Gannon, Kathy. “Taliban Close Qatar Office to Protest Flag Fracas.” Associated Press, July 9, 2013. https://apnews.com/c40133b1619b44ebb95bbf7827875322.
Petraeus, David, and Michael O’Hanlon. “The US Needs to Keep Troops in Afghanistan.” Washington Post, July 7, 2015.
Specia, Megan. “‘A Dumb Decision’: U.S. Said to Waste $28 Million on Afghan Army Camouflage.” New York Times, June 21, 2017. www.nytimes.com/2017/06/21/world/asia/afghanistan-army-uniform-camouflage.html.
Yusufzai, Mushtaq, and Fazul Rahim. “Mullah Omar’s Death Leaves Taliban Locked in Leadership Struggle.” NBC News, August 3, 2015. www.nbcnews.com/news/world/mullah-omars-death-leaves-taliban-locked-leadership-struggle-n402936.
CHAPTER 4
BBC staff. “Taliban Capture Key Helmand District of Musa Qala.” BBC News, August 26, 2015. www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34062664.
UK Ministry of Defense. “Bye-Bye Bastion.” October 27, 2014. www.gov.uk/government/news/bye-bye-bastion.
CHAPTER 5
DPA staff. “Profile Mullah Abdul Salam: The Man Behind the Kunduz Assault.” DPA, October 1, 2015. www.dpa-international.com/news/asia/profilemullah-abdul-salam-the-man-behind-the-kunduz-assault-a46818569.html.
Filkins, Dexter. “In Blow to Taliban, 2 More Leaders Are Arrested.” New York Times, February 18, 2010.
Jordans, Frank. “Afghanistan Airstrike Haunts Germany, 10 Years On.” AP News, September 4, 2019. www.apnews.com/7a9f9afa839743469aaad93188962bf8.
Osman, Borhan, and Kate Clark. “First Wave of IS Attacks? Claim and Denial over the Jalalabad Bombs.” Afghanistan Analysts Network, April 22, 2015. www.afghanistan-analysts.org/en/reports/war-and-peace/first-wave-of-is-attacks-claim-and-denial-over-the-jalalabad-bombs/.
Roggio, Bill. “Taliban Mass in Northern Afghanistan to Swear Allegiance to New Emir.” FDD’s Long War Journal, August 27, 2015. www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/08/taliban-mass-in-northern-afghanistan-to-swear-allegiance-to-new-emir.php.
Walsh, Declan. “Pakistan Frees Taliban Prisoners, Renewing Hopes for Peace Talks.” New York Times, November 12, 2012.
CHAPTER 6
Harooni, Mirwais, and Jessica Donati. “Taliban Attack Airport After Seizing Northern Afghan City.” Reuters, September 29, 2015. www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-attack/taliban-attack-airport-after-seizing-northern-afghan-city-idUSKCN0RT0JO20150929.
Médecins Sans Frontières. “On 3 October 2015, US Airstrikes Destroyed Our Trauma Hospital in Kunduz, Afghanistan, Killing 42 People.” Accessed July 5, 2020. www.msf.org/kunduz-hospital-attack-depth.
CHAPTER 7
US Central Command. Summary of the Airstrike on the MSF Trauma Center in Kunduz, Afghanistan on October 3, 2015; Investigation and Follow-on Actions. Released April 28, 2016. Redacted version released to the public: www3.centcom.mil/foia_rr/FOIA_RR.asp?Path=/5%20USC%20552%28a%29%282%29%28D%29Records&Folder=1.%20Airstrike%20on%20the%20MSF%20Trauma%20Center%20in%20Kunduz%20Afghanistan%20%203%20Oct%202015. (Hereafter referred to as Summary of the Airstrike on the MSF Trauma Center in Kunduz.)
CHAPTER 8
Aikens, Matthew. “Doctors with Enemies: Did Afghan Forces Target the M.S.F. Hospital?” New York Times Magazine, May 17, 2016.
Cua, Evangeline. “Kunduz: This Is My Story.” Doctors Without Borders, April 3, 2016. https://msf-seasia.org/blogs/16903.
Schogol, Jeff. “Special Forces Return Fire on Taliban in Kunduz.” Air Force Times, October 1, 2015 (AP photo of Hutch talking to the Kunduz police chief before the compound comes under fire). www.airforcetimes.com/news/your-air-force/2015/10/01/special-forces-return-fire-on-taliban-in-kunduz/.
US Central Command. Summary of the Airstrike on the MSF Trauma Center in Kunduz.
CHAPTER 9
Smith, Josh, and Zubair Babakakhail. “US Special Forces in Firefight with Taliban at Kunduz.” Stars and Stripes, October 1, 2015.
US Central Command. Summary of the Airstrike on the MSF Trauma Center in Kunduz.
CHAPTER 10
Neuman, Scott. “Doctors Without Borders: Kunduz Airstrike Was ‘War Crime.’” NPR, October 4, 2015. www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/10/04/445773358/doctors-without-borders-kunduz-airstrike-was-war-crime.
US Central Command. Summary of the Airstrike on the MSF Trauma Center in Kunduz.
CHAPTER 11
“Afghan Government Confirms Airstrike on Kunduz Hospital—Video.” The Guardian, October 3, 2015 (AP video). www.theguardian.com/world/video/2015/oct/03/afghan-government-confirms-airstrike-on-kunduz-hospital-video.
C-SPAN. “General John Campbell, Commander of US Forces, Afghanistan, Testified on US Operations in Afghanistan.” October 6, 2015. www.c-span.org/video/?328585-1/general-john-campbell-testimony-us-military-operations-afghanistan.
Craig, Tim, and Craig Whitlock. “Afghan Response to Hospital Bombing Is Muted, Even Sympathetic.” Washington Post, October 4, 2015.
Department of Defense Press Briefing by Gen. Campbell in the Pentagon Briefing Room. Transcript. October 5, 2015. www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Transcripts/Transcript/Article/621848/department-of-defense-press-briefing-by-gen-campbell-in-the-pentagon-briefing-room/.
Gibbons-Neff, Thomas. “From ‘Collateral Damage’ to ‘Deeply Regrets’: How the Pentagon Has Shifted on the Afghan Hospital Attack.” Washington Post, October 6, 2015.
Médecins Sans Frontières. “Afghanistan: Kunduz Trauma Center Bombing.” October 7, 2015. www.doctorswithoutborders.org/what-we-do/news-stories/story/afghanistan-kunduz-trauma-center-bombing.
Obama White House Archives. “Statement by the President on Afghanistan.” October 15, 2015. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/10/15/statement-president-afghanistan.
Smith, Josh. “US Air Attack Suspected in Kunduz Hospital Deaths.” Stars and Stripes, October 3, 2015.
CHAPTER 12
Arjomand, Noah. “Eagle’s Summit Revisited: Decision-Making in the Kajaki Dam Refurbishment Project.” Afghanistan Analysts Network, January 25, 2013. www.afghanistan-analysts.org/en/special-reports/eagles-summit-revisited-aan-report-about-decision-making-in-the-kajaki-dam-project/.
Background on USAID’s Kajaki project: Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, July 30, 2016, Quarterly Report to Congress.
Boone, Jon. “Battle of Babaji: A Fight for Hearts and Minds in Afghanistan, but None Are to Be Found.” The Guardian, June 24, 2009.
Farmer, Ben, and Danielle Moylan. “Taliban Seize British Stronghold in Helmand as Security Unravels.” The Telegraph, October 20, 2015.
Rasmussen, Sune Engel. “British Engineers Evacuated from Key Afghan Dam as Taliban Approach.” The Guardian, September 18, 2015.
CHAPTER 14
Department of Defense Press Briefing by General Campbell via teleconference from Afghanistan. Transcript. November 25, 2015. www.defense.gov/News room/Transcripts/Transcript/Article/631359/department-of-defense-pr
ess-briefing-by-general-campbell-via-teleconference-fro/.
Shear, Michael D., and Somini Sengupta. “Obama Issues Rare Apology over Bombing of Doctors Without Borders Hospital in Afghanistan.” New York Times, October 7, 2015.
Stancati, Margherita, and Jessica Donati. “US Troops Suspended After Afghan Hospital Bombing.” The Wall Street Journal, November 25, 2015.
US Central Command. Summary of the Airstrike on the MSF Trauma Center in Kunduz.
CHAPTER 17
Ayling, J. “Managing Head Injuries.” Emergency Medical Services 31, no. 8 (2002): 42.
Harooni, Mirwais. “Afghan Official Warns Helmand Province May Fall to Taliban.” Reuters, December 20, 2015. www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-taliban/afghan-official-warns-helmand-province-may-fall-to-taliban-idUSKBN0U30DB20151220.
ProlongedFieldCare.org. “Video AAR of the Jan 2016 Marjah Firefight and PFC MEDEVAC.” Accessed July 21, 2020. https://prolongedfieldcare.org/2016/01/05/video-aar-of-the-jan-2016-marjah-firefight-and-pfc-medevac/.
CHAPTER 18
Department of Defense Press Briefing by Pentagon Press Secretary Peter Cook in the Pentagon Briefing Room. Transcript. January 5, 2016. www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Transcripts/Transcript/Article/639998/department-of-defense-press-briefing-by-pentagon-press-secretary-peter-cook-in/.
Lee, C., K. M. Porter, and T. J. Hodgetts. “Tourniquet Use in the Civilian Prehospital Setting.” Emergency Medicine Journal 24, no. 8 (2007): 584–587. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2007.046359.
CHAPTER 19
US Army. “Survival Rates Improving for Soldiers Wounded in Combat, Says Army Surgeon General.” August 24, 2016. www.army.mil/article/173808/survival_rates_improving_for_soldiers_wounded_in_combat_says_army_surgeon_general.
CHAPTER 20
C-SPAN. “Afghanistan Operations Commander Confirmation Hearing.” January 28, 2016. www.c-span.org/video/?403828-1/lieutenant-general-john-nicholson-confirmation-hearing.
Johnson, Casey Garret. “The Rise and Stall of the Islamic State in Afghanistan.” United States Institute of Peace, November 2016. www.usip.org/sites/default/files/SR395-The-Rise-and-Stall-of-the-Islamic-State-in-Afghanistan.pdf.
Jones, Seth G., et al. Rolling Back the Islamic State. RAND Corporation. 2017. www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1900/RR1912/RAND_RR1912.pdf.
Lubold, Gordon. “US Clears Path to Target Islamic State in Afghanistan.” The Wall Street Journal, January 19, 2016.
New York Times staff. “The Guantanamo Docket.” New York Times. Accessed July 21, 2020. www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/guantanamo/detainees/561-abdul-rahim-muslim-dost.
Obama White House Archives. “Statement by the President on Afghanistan.” July 6, 2016. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/07/06/statement-president-afghanistan.
Osman, Borhan. “The Islamic State in ‘Khorasan’: How It Began and Where It Stands Now in Nangarhar.” Afghanistan Analysts Network, July 27, 2016. www.afghanistan-analysts.org/en/reports/war-and-peace/the-islamic-state-in-khorasan-how-it-began-and-where-it-stands-now-in-nangarhar/.
Osman, Borhan. “Messages in Chalk: ‘Islamic State’ Haunting Afghanistan?” Afghanistan Analysts Network, November 17, 2014. www.afghanistan-analysts.org/en/reports/war-and-peace/messages-in-chalk-islamic-state-haunting-afghanistan/.
Walsh, Declan. “Return My Work, Says Guantánamo Poet.” The Guardian, April 3, 2006.
CHAPTER 21
Department of Defense Press Briefing by Army General Joseph Votel, commander, US Central Command. Transcript. April 29, 2016. www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Transcripts/Transcript/Article/746686/department-of-defense-press-briefing-by-army-general-joseph-votel-commander-us/.
Médecins Sans Frontières. “Some of MSF’s Questions in Response to the U.S. Military Investigation into Their Attack on the Hospital.” April 29, 2016. www.msf.org/kunduz-some-msf%E2%80%99s-questions-response-us-military-investigation-their-attack-hospital.
CHAPTER 22
Ahmad, Jibran. “Son of Afghan Taliban Leader Dies Carrying Out Suicide Attack.” Reuters, July 22, 2017. www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-taliban-son/son-of-afghan-taliban-leader-dies-carrying-out-suicide-attack-idUSKBN1A707K.
Donati, Jessica, and Habib Khan Totakhil. “Afghan Government Secretly Fosters Taliban Splinter Groups.” The Wall Street Journal, May 22, 2016.
Entous, Adam, and Jessica Donati. “How the US Tracked and Killed the Leader of the Taliban.” The Wall Street Journal, May 25, 2016.
CHAPTER 24
Afghanistan Bureau. “Afghan Forces Fight to Regain Northern City of Kunduz from Taliban.” Reuters, October 2, 2016. www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-taliban/afghan-forces-fight-to-regain-northern-city-of-kunduz-from-taliban-idUSKCN123086.
CNN staff. “Comment: Was MOAB a Message to North Korea?” CNN clip, April 15, 2017. https://edition.cnn.com/videos/tv/2017/04/15/comment-was-moab-a-message-to-north-korea.cnn.
C-SPAN. “Military Operations in Afghanistan.” February 9, 2017. www.c-span.org/video/?423552-1/general-john-nicholson-tells-senate-we-stalemate-afghanistan.
Department of Defense Press Briefing by General Nicholson via teleconference from Kabul, Afghanistan. Transcript. November 28, 2017. www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Transcripts/Transcript/Article/1382901/department-of-defense-press-briefing-by-general-nicholson-via-teleconference-fr/.
European Council. “Brussels Conference on Afghanistan: Main Results.” Press release, October 5, 2016. www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/10/05/bca-main-results/.
Feith, David. “H. R. McMaster: The Warrior’s-Eye View of Afghanistan.” The Wall Street Journal, May 11, 2012.
Gul, Ayaz. “US Military Rejects Russian Claims About Number of IS Fighters in Afghanistan.” Voice of America, February 24, 2018. www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/us-military-rejects-russian-claims-about-number-fighters-afghanistan.
LoBianco, Tom. “Donald Trump Backtracks on Afghanistan War: Not a Mistake.” CNN, October 20, 2015. https://edition.cnn.com/2015/10/20/politics/donald-trump-afghanistan-war-not-a-mistake/index.html.
Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs at Brown University. “Costs of War.” September 2019. https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/figures/2019/us-war-spending-afghanistan-2001.
CHAPTER 25
Donati, Jessica, and Ehsanullah Amiri. “At Least 90 Killed in Blast Near Embassies in Afghan Capital.” The Wall Street Journal, May 31, 2017.
Office of the Inspector General. “Audit of Cost Management of Embassy Air in Afghanistan and Iraq.” United States Department of State, AUD-MERO-19-33. September 2019. https://www.stateoig.gov/system/files/aud-mero-19-33.pdf.
US Air Forces Central Command. Airpower Summaries: Monthly Data. Accessed July 6, 2020. www.afcent.af.mil/About/Airpower-Summaries/.
Wolff, Michael. Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House. New York: Macmillan, 2018.
CHAPTER 26
Jones, Timothy, and Massod Saifullah. “Afghanistan: Ghani Announces Ceasefire with Taliban for Eid al-Fitr.” Deutsche Welle, June 7, 2018. www.dw.com/en/afghanistan-ghani-announces-ceasefire-with-taliban-for-eid-al-fitr/a-44106896.
CHAPTER 27
Abed, Fahim, and Taimoor Shah. “Taliban Overrun Afghan City, Kill 30 People and Leave.” New York Times, May 16, 2018.
Azadzoi, Nesar, and Rod Nordland. “After Ghazni Attack, Taliban Still in Afghanistan City.” New York Times, August 11, 2018.
Hennigan, W. J. “Exclusive: Inside the US Fight to Save Ghazni from the Taliban.” Time, August 23, 2018.
Rempfer, Kyle. “Air Force A-10s Called in to Hold Off Taliban Attack on Major Afghan City.” Air Force Times, May 15, 2018.
CHAPTER 29
Clark, Kate. “The Afghan Territorial Force: Learning from the Lessons of the Past?” Afghanistan Analysts Network, January 15, 2019. www.afghanistan-analysts.org/en/reports/war-and-peace/the-afghan-territorial-force-learning-from-the-lessons-of-the-past/.
PublicAffairs is a publishing house found
ed in 1997. It is a tribute to the standards, values, and flair of three persons who have served as mentors to countless reporters, writers, editors, and book people of all kinds, including me.
I.F. STONE, proprietor of I. F. Stone’s Weekly, combined a commitment to the First Amendment with entrepreneurial zeal and reporting skill and became one of the great independent journalists in American history. At the age of eighty, Izzy published The Trial of Socrates, which was a national bestseller. He wrote the book after he taught himself ancient Greek.
BENJAMIN C. BRADLEE was for nearly thirty years the charismatic editorial leader of The Washington Post. It was Ben who gave the Post the range and courage to pursue such historic issues as Watergate. He supported his reporters with a tenacity that made them fearless and it is no accident that so many became authors of influential, best-selling books.
ROBERT L. BERNSTEIN, the chief executive of Random House for more than a quarter century, guided one of the nation’s premier publishing houses. Bob was personally responsible for many books of political dissent and argument that challenged tyranny around the globe. He is also the founder and longtime chair of Human Rights Watch, one of the most respected human rights organizations in the world.
For fifty years, the banner of Public Affairs Press was carried by its owner Morris B. Schnapper, who published Gandhi, Nasser, Toynbee, Truman, and about 1,500 other authors. In 1983, Schnapper was described by The Washington Post as “a redoubtable gadfly.” His legacy will endure in the books to come.
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