Vesci, U.M., Heat and Sacrifice in the Vedas, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1985.
Vivekananda, Swami, The Complete Works, vol.1, Advaita Ashrama, Calcutta, 1977 edition.
Vries, H de, and Weber, S. (eds.), Religion and Media, Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 2001.
Walsh, J., Domesticity in Colonial India: What Women Learned When Men Gave Them Advice, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., Lanham (Maryland), 2004.
Weiss, M.G., ‘Caraka Saṃhitā on the doctrine of karma’, in W.D. O'Flaherty 1980b.
Werner, K., ‘The Vedic concept of human personality and its destiny’, Journal of Indian Philosophy, 5, 1978.
Whaling, F., The Rise of the Religious Significance of Rāma, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1980.
Wheeler, M., The Indus Civilization (Supplementary Volume to the Cambridge History of India), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1st edn. 1953;3rd edn. 1968.
Whicher, I., The Integrity of the Yoga Darśana: A Reconsideration of Classical Yoga, State University of New York Press, Albany, 1998.
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Zaehner, R.C., Mysticism Sacred and Profane, Oxford University Press, ppbk ed., 1961.
Zaehner, R.C., Hinduism, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1966.
Zaehner, R.C., The Bhagavad-Gītā, with a commentary based on the original sources, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1969.
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Index
abhāva (absence), kinds of 188
Abhinavagupta 63, 202, 279, 354, 367
abortion 112
action(s) 3, 48, 54, 57, 73, 124, 132, 161–2, 184, 187, 190, 248, 251, 259–61, 264, 340–2, 386, 388, 391;
selfless 125, 163, 247, 260–1, 266, 268–70, 341;
see also karma
adharma 100, 117, 127, 141, 156, 162, 232, 240, 244, 248
Adhyātma Rāmāyaṇa 165–7
Aditi 37–8
Advaita 78, 80–2, 86, 167, 186, 208, 213, 219–20, 222, 271, 275, 310, 328, 341–2, 367–8;
see also monism
Āgama(s) 73, 88, 179, 373;
Śaiva 71–2, 74, 373;
Tantric 73, 179
Agni 34–6, 38–41, 43, 47–9, 100, 180, 199, 299, 316, 384;
see also fire
agnihotra 43, 48
ahiṃsā 218, 253–5, 258, 340;
see also non-violence
Alexander of Macedon 12
Altekar, A.S. 388
Āvār 121, 129, 165, 343, 351
Ambedkar, Bhimrao 135–42, 146–7, 258, 389
amṛta see under immortality
ancestors 36, 86, 111–12, 127, 176, 240, 260, 305, 309, 332
animal(s) 18, 30, 43, 112, 200–1, 203, 254–5, 260, 262, 265, 269, 326, 340, 351–2, 369, 394, 397
Āraṇyaka(s) 50–1, 55–6, 185, 384;
Aitareya 55, 265;
Taittirīya 55
ārati 173, 313–14, 329, 338
Arjuna 21, 121, 127, 157–9, 235, 243, 254, 362
artha 149, 181, 194–6, 198–9, 201, 290, 315;
Śāstra 195–6
Ārya Samāj 83–4, 379
Aryan(s) 8–12, 23, 31, 33–4, 42, 78, 82–3, 100, 104–5, 108–9, 111, 136, 184–5, 199, 381
Āryāvarta 22
ascetic(-ism) 50–1, 54, 58, 89, 111–12, 163, 166, 181, 195, 198, 201, 216, 255–8, 286–7, 289, 299, 333–5, 386, 388
āśrama(s) 109–13, 285
astrology 43, 93
aśvamedha 50, 77, 151, 159, 233, 332–3, 383, 391
ātman 53–4, 57, 81, 160–1, 163, 207, 265, 269–70, 352, 367;
see also puruṣa, self/Self
Aurobindo Ghose 186, 258, 263–5
authority (religious) in Hinduism 27–9, 71, 73, 75–7, 79, 82, 84–5, 87, 89–90, 92, 94, 96, 101–2, 109, 120, 135, 169, 177, 209, 223, 286
avatāra 21, 151, 157, 162, 166, 171, 173, 176, 203, 246, 280, 302, 312, 316, 326, 329–30, Ch. 15, 332, 349–52, 372;
Buddha 203, 351–2;
Caitanya 351;
Kalki 203;
Kṛṣṇa 203, 351;
Nammāvār 351;
Narasiṃha 316, 329, 350–1;
Rādhā 351;
Rāma 330;
Vāmana 332, 351;
number of 351;
substance of 352;
theory of 350–2
avidyā 246–8, 277, 310
Ayodhyā 151, 167, 211, 332, 391
Ayrookuzhiel A. 327, 401
Bailey, G. 393
Balaji, Sri see under Viṣṇu
Banyan image of Hinduism see under Hinduism
Barisode, H. 143
bartamān panthī(s) 76; see also Bauls
Basham, A.L. 200
Bauls 76;
see also bartamān panthī(s)
Benares 18–19, 129, 167, 171, 176, 182, 257, 301, 303–4, 309, 363;
see also Kashi
Béteille, A. 134, 146
Bhagavad Gītā 4, 74–5, 81, 90, 121, 125, 127, 129, 141, Ch. 8, 149, 158–64, 183, 185, 190, 193–4, 203, 209, 244–5, 248, 250–1, 254, 260–1, 263, 268, 275, 282, 284, 301, 330, 341, 343, 350, 358, 362, 367, 386, 391–2
Bhagavān 346
Bhāgavata Purāṇa see under Purāṇa
bhakti 70, 112, 121, 129, 150, 154, 162–3, 181, 194, 203, 208, 247–8, 280, 282–4, 321–2, 328, Ch. 15, 340–6, 349, 353–5, 357, 361, 365, 368, 400;
definition of 345–6;
dveṣa- 357–8;
mādhurya- 181, 203, 281–2;
nindā- 357;
sakhya- 282, 357–8;
vātsalya- 221, 328, 358–60;
viraha- 268, 282, 285, 361, 364–5;
as attachment to the divine qualities 346–8;
as attachment to the divine form(s) 349–53;
as attachment to remembrance of the deity 353–5;
as attachment to the service of the deity 355–7;
as the attachment of self-offering 362;
as the attachment of being suffused 363;
see also devotion
Bhāratavarṣa 22
Bhartṛhari 61–2
bhāṣya see commentary
Bhattacharya, P. 237, 243, 397
Bhīma 21, 157–9, 172, 235, 239, 241–2, 244
Bhīṣma 156, 159, 186, 231, 238, 240–1, 329, 358, 396
Biruni, al- 4, 12, 15
Bissoondoyal, B. 83
bliss 47–8, 54, 74, 189, 208, 252, 269, 283, 340, 366
body 20, 44, 48, 50, 53, 107, 160–1, 178, 191, 200, 202, 208, 222, 256, 263, 270–1, 283, 293, 299, 300, 310, 340, 354–5, 368–9;
female 270–1;
subtle 263, 271
Brahmā 18, 59, 60, 79, 85, 104, 155, 180, 262, 277, 305, 335, 388, 393;
see also Hiraiṇyagarbha, Prajāpati
brahmacarya 109–10, 115, 128, 221, 295
Brahma Sūtra(s) 4, 74, 94–5, 185, 196, 386
brahman/Brahman 47, 52–4, 57–61, 79, 85, 94–5, 109, 111, 115, 131, 166–8, 185, 191, 208, 210, 222–3, 247, 275, 277, 283, 310, 328–30, 341, 355, 367, 389, 396
Brāhmaṇa(s) Ch. 3, 47, 49, 50, 57, 184, 259, 383–4;
Śatapatha 48–9, 55, 105, 114, 214, 383–4, 397;
Taittirīya 114
Brahmā
ṇḍa Purāṇa see under Purātta
Brahmin(s) 3, 12, 13, 45, 47, 49, 51, 54, 57–8, 69, 70, 79, 87, 90, 94, 98, 103–11, 115, 119, 127–30, 133, 136, 138, 141, 146, 149–50, 155, 167, 171, 176–9, 181, 201, 224, 256, 267, 287, 342, 383, 390;
as priest(s) 41–3, 45, 78, 87, 91, 93, 102, 134, 143–4, 173, 206, 291, 293–4, 309, 338–9
Brahminization 72–3, 121, 150, 178–9, 192
Brahmo Samaj (Sabha) 79, 80, 82–3, 132, 186
Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad see under Upaniṣad
Bṛhaddharma Purāṇa see under Purāṇa
Bṛhaspati 232, 394
British 17, 29, 64, 69, 77–8, 84, 99, 102, 108, 114, 119, 131, 134, 137–8, 147, 257, 320, 385
Brockington, J.L. 3, 16, 149, 152, 182, 385, 391, 396
Brown, C.M. 324
Bryant, E. 10, 361, 379
Buddha 28, 32, 70, 86, 103, 188, 203, 351–2
Buddhist(-ism) 1, 12, 15, 17–19, 28, 58, 68–9, 85, 103, 112, 121, 128, 139, 178, 187, 192, 201, 209, 211, 219, 255, 384–5, 389, 392, 394
van Buitenen, J.A.B. 150, 159, 233, 355, 392, 396
bull 30, 332
Caitanya 121, 180, 186, 284–5, 316, 351, 399
Caṇḍāla 118, 126, 137, 255, 260
Carman, J.B. 359
caste(s) 3, 5, 13–15, 18, 19, 31, 69, 74, 79, 82, 87, 89, 101, 103–5, 128–32, 134–5, 138, 141, 144–6, 165–6, 171, 220, 225, 253, 255, 297, 371;
as jāti Ch. 7, 131–4;
as varṇa Ch. 6, 104–8, 115, 117, 126, 128, 131–4, 141, 167, 177–9;
and food 133–5, 137, 142–4;
and marriage 133–5;
mixed 126–8;
and substantialization 145;
behavioural view of 128–32;
Camār 140, 142–4, 387;
Mahār 137, 140;
Nāyak 173
celibacy 54, 110, 113, 198–9, 255–6, 286–7, 289–90, 366
Chakrabarti, Arindam 187
Chakrabarti, D. 30, 379, 381
Chakrabarti, K. 72–3, 178
C(h)andidasa 360
Chāndogya Upaniṣad see under Upaniṣad
chariot 9, 10, 34, 39, 181, 201–2, 340, 368
Chatterji, Bankim 64–5, 124–5, 221, 251, 290, 323, 356, 388
Chaudhuri, N.C. 4, 33
Chekki, D.A. 380
Christ 17, 86, 283, 302, 352, 395
Christian(-ity) 2, 4, 15–18, 78, 80, 83–4, 99, 131, 139, 160, 210, 214, 302, 340, 356, 362, 375, 382, 389
Clooney, F.X. 74, 385
cobra 326–7, 359
Coburn, T.B. 183, 393
Cohn, B.S. 142
Colas, G. 400
commentary (bhāṣya) 94, 193–4
conception (of child) 291–2
consciousness 52, 63, 160, 189, 191, 202, 250, 270, 283, 354
Courtright, P.B. 317–18
cow 36, 45, 69, 101, 111, 136–7, 199, 285, 318, 332, 358–9, 397;
as symbol for dharma 276–7
‘creation’ in Hinduism 40, 59–63, 97, 130, 136, 161, 189, 210, 248, 279, 346, 349, 389
dalit 14, 135–6, 138, 140, 143, 146, 173, 389, 399;
see also Untouchable
Dalitization 146
Dalrymple, W. 392
dance 205–6, 280–2
darśan(a) 184, 192, 200;
as personal viewing 313, 315, 334–5, 400
Dasgupta, S. 39
dasyu 104
Dayananda, Swami 82–3, 132, 147, 258, 402
(the) dead/death 44, 48–9, 52, 113–4, 127, 137, 200–1, 254, 259, 267, 271, 301, 321, 327, 332, 339, 342;
see also Yama;
rites for see also śrāddha 267, 299–301, 309
De Michelis, E. 191, 394, 401
demon(s) 44, 104, 157, 164, 181, 232, 263, 293, 319–23, 331–3, 348, 400
Descartes, René 394
Deshpande, M. 92, 387
Deussen, Paul 81, 386
deva(s) 18, 32, 38–40, 44, 46–7, 49, 58, 61, 100, 103, 105, 111, 157, 200, 214, 275, 333, 335, 342, 372;
see also ‘gods’
Devarāja, story of 181–2
devi(s) 34, 36, 38–40, 44, 46, 49, 58, 100, 200, 318, 372;
see also Goddess
Devī Māhātmya 183, 318, 320
devotion (-al religion) 28, 36, 56, 74, 77, 130, 149, 154–5, 157, 160, 163–7, 177, 267–8, 282–3, 315, 341–3, 345, 349, 352–3, 356, 363, 365, 391, 398;
see also bhakti
dharma 13, 16, 18, 43, 68, 71, 73–4, 77, Chs. 5–6, 89, 94, 98–9, 101–2, 106–8, 110–12, 117–18, 123–5, 127, 131, 136, 141, 143, 149–52, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162–3, 167, 176–7, 179, 181, 191, 194–5, 199, 222, Ch. 11, 232–42, 244, 248–51, 253–5, 258, 261, 269, 276–7, 290, 295, 315–6, 321, 356, 373–4, 387, 389, 397;
meaning of term 99, 100, 122–4;
as polycentric 122–5, 240, 258;
as universal norm 131–2, 258;
āpad- 106;
sādhāraṇa- 253–5, 258;
sanātana- 3, 15–16, 124–5, 240–1, 250–1, 374, 379;
strī- 114, 116, 122, 237;
sva- 253–5, 258, 348;
vaidika-(Vedic) 3, 15, 16, 19, 321, 325;
varṇāśrama- 167, 191, 253
Dharma Śāstras 98, 101–2, 126–7, 149
Dharma Sūtras 93, 98, 101, 105–7, 111, 126–7, 149, 388;
Āpastamba 101, 106, 285;
Baudhāyana 101, 129, 388;
Vaikhānasa 101, 388, 390;
Vāsiṣṭha 101, 111
Dhavamony, M. 71–2, 74
dicing match in Mahābhārata 158, Ch. 11
Dimitrova, D. 379
Dimock, E.C. 360, 364–5
Divodāsa, story of 18–19
Dīwālī 331–2
dowry 172, 295–8
Draupadī 158–9, 172, Ch. 11, 233, 235–44, 249–51, 296, 396–7
Dravidian 32
Dubois, Abbé 118
Duff, A. 78
Durgā see under Goddess
DurgāPūjā 335–9
Duryodhana 156–9, 229–37, 240–2, 244, 246, 396
Dutt, Michael Madhusudan 169
earth 36, 38–9, 50, 101, 200, 300, 305, 327, 329, 332, 342, 369, 397
Eck, D. 19, 257, 303–4, 309, 315
Eggeling, J. 384
ekatva (as final goal) 367
elephant 30, 129, 177, 305, 313, 317–19, 334
English education 78, 80, 119
epic(s) 73, 88, 91, 138, Ch. 8, 148–50, 165, 170–2, 176–7, 183, 254, 343, 390;
see also Mahābhārata and Rāmāyaṇa
Erndl, K. 328, 401
error 218
ethics see dharma, and under Hindu
evil 36, 234, 244–5, 262, 276, 336, 339, 346–8, 355
‘evil eye’ 327
Farquhar, J.N. 4
fate (daiva) 230–4, 242, 249, 265, 268–9, 272, 278
Ferrari, F. 344
festivals 331–9
Feuerstein, G. 340
fire 29, 33–4, 40–1, 43, 47–8, 50, 97–8, 101, 110–11, 113, 116–17, 200, 207, 216, 294, 299
Fitzgerald, T. 137
Flood, G. 5, 32, 384
food 43–4, 47–9, 110–11, 113, 127, 133–5, 292–5, 313–4, 334, 400;
as piṇḍda 301
Fuller, C.J. 146, 314, 400–1
fundamentalism 83, 85, 106, 211
Gandhi, M.K. (Mahātmā) 18, 106, 135, 140–1, 146–7, 160, 166, 218–9, 225, 254, 258, 289, 352, 395
Ganeri, J. 186–7, 253
Gaṇeśa 295, 312, 317, 336, 338, 400
Ganges 29, 145, 155–6, 165, 176, 294, 300–1, 303–5, 333, 360, 374, 400–1;
story of descent to earth 305
Gārgī 115, 151
Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava see under Vaiṣṇava
Gāyatrī meter/mantra 35, 60, 66–7, 119, 295, 382, 385;
see also under Goddess
Ghosh, J.C. 169
Gispert-Sauch, G.
214
Gītagovinda 203–6, 285, 351
Gnosticism 246–7
God 3, 4, 17, 20, 28, 36, 54, 56–7, 60, 72, 74, 78, 83, 86, 121, 130–1, 140, 155, 160, 162, 164–6, 190–1, 200, 203–5, 207–8, 210, 219, 225, 245–6, 259, 262, 265, 267–8, 272, 279, 294, 310–11, 342–4, 347–50, 355–6, 358–9, 361–8, 385;
as responsible creator see under līlā
Goddess(es) 18, 31, 40, 65, 73, 112, 121, 172, 174, 176, 178–9, 183, 190, 200, 207, 257, 262, 270, 311, 315, 318–20, 324–6, 328, 336–7, 354, 367;
folk- 343–5;
Durgā 65–6, 114, 173, 257, 318–20, 335–9, 349, 398, 400;
Gājatrī 67;
Kālī 255, 257, 312–15, 320–3, 337, 348–9, 357, 398, 400;
Lakṣmī 299, 311, 313, 319–20, 331–2, 336–8, 372;
Manasā 173–4, 289, 327, 343;
Pārvati 18, 317, 349;
Sarasvatī 37, 59, 206, 336–8;
Sāvitrī 287;
Śītalā 173, 343–4;
Śrī 18, 311, 319, 330, 372, 385
‘gods’ 34–5, 40, 43–4, 48, 64, 105, 117, 151, 157, 174, 176, 231, 242, 260, 262, 319, 336, 359, 382;
folk- 343–5;
see also deva
Goldman, R.P. 391
Gombrich, R. 103, 105
Gonda, J. 326, 350, 388
good 244–7, 253
gopī(s) 181, 280, 285, 361
Gorāknāth 20, 381
Green, T. 81, 386
gṛhastha (householder) 111, 113, 198
Gṛhya Sūtras 93, 97–8, 105, 388
guṇa(s) 189–90, 250, 324, 352
guru 67, 110, 116, 221–5, 286, 302, 333–4;
see also teacher
Hacker, Paul 81
Halbfass, W. 125
Hanumān 153, 158, 165–6, 172, 316, 349, 351
Hara, M. 123–4, 237, 397
Harappa 29;
see also Indus civilization
Har(i)dwar 120, 134, 145, 333, 401
Hardy, F. 72, 74, 351
Hare Krishnas 21, 180, 381;
see also ISKCON
Hari 63, 73, 75, 135, 140, 164, 180, 203, 221, 325;
see also Kṛṣṇa and Viṣṇu
harijan 135, 140
Harivaṃśa 164, 393
Hawley, J.S. 64
heaven(s) 38, 44, 50, 117–18, 174, 200–1, 254, 262–3, 283, 299, 306, 332, 342, 349, 368–9
Hein, N. 280, 282, 399
hell 44, 117, 127, 200, 262–3, 331, 358
henotheism 39
Hess, L. 130
Hiltebeitel, A. 239, 390, 396
Hindu(s) Ch. 1, 2–9, 13–16, 18–22, 60, 66–7, 76–8, 80–1, 83–4, 86, 93, 98, 102, 108, 112, 172, 179, 211–12, 254, 327, 347, 370, 379–81;
in the diaspora 2, 15, 87, 131, 292–4, 304, 320, 390;
ethics/morality 81, 107, 128–9, 131, 149, 163, 194, 197, 208, 210, 245–7, 253–5, 258, 260–70, 278, 348, 356, 367, 386–7;
Hindus: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices (The Library of Religious Beliefs and Practices) Page 73