Dutch Girl
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Stateside, my longtime friend and WWII expert, Dr. Walter Powell, provided a steady flow of resources about Market Garden and Holland along with encouragement to keep digging. Ann Trevor combed the federal archives for information about Ella, Audrey, the Nazi connection, the Dutch Resistance, and everything else she could think of. In the end Ann, a career-long D.C. researcher, became convinced that the FBI file on Ella van Heemstra had been removed from the federal record. Marina Gray provided a wealth of research on the van Heemstras, on Otto and his four companions, and on the Nazi regime in the Netherlands. Barry Paris, author of the definitive 1994 Simon & Schuster bio, Audrey Hepburn, advised me on the “lay of the land” in terms of Audrey and her world. He was gracious on the phone, and I especially want to thank him for donating his research to the University of Pittsburgh, where I spent many hours reviewing a wealth of original source material. Barry’s work became a foundation for my own. Thank you also to William Daw and other staff at the University of Pittsburgh Library System, Archives & Special Collections, Curtis Theatre Collection, Barry Paris Papers.
My special thanks go to the peer reviewers who devoted time and expertise to a thorough assessment of the manuscript and its presentation of Audrey Hepburn, Dutch, and World War II history. They are Luca Dotti, Walter Powell, Robert Voskuil, Gety Hengeveld-de Jong, Clan Visser ’t Hooft, Annemarth Visser ’t Hooft, Marina Gray, and Maddie van Leenders.
In addition to the family photos Luca Dotti provided from the Ella van Heemstra and Audrey Hepburn collections, photos of Velp were provided by mevr. C.L. Bosma-van het Karr, mevr. W.G. Matser-Wassink, and Brouerius van Nidek; photos showing Dr. Visser ’t Hooft were provided by Annemarth and Clan Visser ’t Hooft; the photo of Audrey at the Bouma birthday party was courtesy of Melinda Limbertie, Annelies Bouma, and Steven van Rossem; other photos were secured with the help of Jamie Owen and Jennifer Jeffrey at AKG, Martin Smit at Aviodrome, Anthony Livius at the Gelders Archief, and Ellen Dosse and Laurencia Ekkers at Spaarnestad.
In addition, I would like to thank the following: James V. D’Arc; Leendert de Jong at Filmhuis Den Haag; Jill Fornof; Patrick Jansen; Clem Leone; Michael Mazzone; John McElwee; Mike Pappas; Sandy Smith; Stacey Behlmer, Kristine Krueger, Rachel Bernstein, and other staff at the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences Margaret Herrick Library; Anneke de Feijter and Walter Jansen at Boekhandel Jansen and de Feijter, Velp; Zahra Ghanem and other staff at the Stadstheater Arnhem; Anthony Livius and other staff at the Gelders Archief; Gety Hengeveld-de Jong and Stichting Velp voor Oranje; the Society of Friends of the Airborne Museum; Johan Vermeulen and everyone at the Fliegerhorst Deelen Museum; Annie Whitehead of Harvesting Light Photography; and at GoodKnight Books, editor Mary Rothhaar, designer Sharon Berk, photo restorer and graphics specialist Valerie Sloan, map and family tree designer Amelia Williams, and publicist Sarah Miniaci.
Selected Bibliography
Airborne Museum. Moederliefde: Ella and Audrey. Program for the exhibit, 2017.
Anderson, Lindsey. Making a Film: The Story of ‘Secret People.’ London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1952.
Baron, Sid. The Way It Was: Growing Up in Wartime Holland. Bellingham: Exxel Publishing Company, 2007.
Beltman, Ineke. Duits Deelen: Van vliegbasis tot jeugdzorg. Zutphen: Uitgeversmaatschappij Walburg Pers, 2007.
Bentley, Stewart W. Jr. Orange Blood, Silver Wings: The Untold Story of the Dutch Resistance During Market-Garden. Bloomington: AuthorHouse, 2007.
Bijvoet, Tom, ed. The Dutch in Wartime Survivors Remember, Book 1. Invasion. Niagara Falls: Mokeham Publishing Inc., 2011.
Bijvoet, Tom, ed. The Dutch in Wartime Survivors Remember, Book 2. Under Nazi Rule. Niagara Falls: Mokeham Publishing Inc., 2011.
Bijvoet, Tom and Anne van Arragon Hutten, eds. The Dutch in Wartime Survivors Remember, Book 8. The Hunger Winter. Niagara Falls: Mokeham Publishing Inc., 2013.
Davelaar, Evert G. Al seen feniks uit zijn as: De Arnhemse tram in het Netherlands Openluchtmuseum. Een uitgave van Nederlands Openluchtmuseum.
De Courcy, Anne. Diana Mosley: Mitford Beauty, British Fascist, Hitler’s Angel. New York: William Morrow, 2003.
de Jong, Louis and Joseph W.F. Stoppelman. The Lion Rampant: The Story of Holland’s Resistance to the Nazis. New York: Querido, 1943.
Deane-Drummond, Anthony. Return Ticket. London: Collins, 1967.
Dotti, Luca with Luigi Spinola. Audrey at Home: Memories of My Mother’s Kitchen. New York: Harper Design, 2015.
Erwin, Ellen and Jessica Z. Diamond. The Audrey Hepburn Treasures. New York: Atria Books, 2006.
Ferrer, Sean Hepburn. Audrey Hepburn, an Elegant Spirit. New York: Atria Books, 2003.
Fonteyn, Margot. Autobiography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976.
Frank, Anne. Het Achterhuis/The Diary of a Young Girl. New York: Doubleday, 1952.
Frequin, Louis, Henri A.A.R. Knap, and W.H. Kruiderink. Arnhem Kruisweg. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Promotor, 1946.
Frost, (Major-General) John. A Drop Too Many. London: Cassell Ltd., 1980.
Fuykschot, Cornelia. Hunger in Holland: Life During the Nazi Occupation. Amherst: Prometheus Books, 1995.
Hackett, (General Sir) John. I Was a Stranger. Aylesbury: Hunt Barnard Printing Ltd., 1977.
Harris, Ben and Sebastian Raatz, pubs. Anne Frank: A Light in History’s Darkest Hour. New York: Centennial Media, 2018.
Harris, Warren G. Audrey Hepburn: a Biography. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.
Hastings, Max. Das Reich. Minneapolis: Zenith Press, 2013.
Hengeveld-de Jong, Gety. Verborgen in Velp: Nooit vertelde verhalen over moed, verzet en onderduikers. Stichting Velp voor Oranje. Zutphen: Koninklijke Wöhrmann, 2013.
Hofstede, David. Audrey Hepburn: A Bio-Bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1994.
Hutten, Anne van Arragon, ed. The Dutch in Wartime Survivors Remember, Book 4. Resisting Nazi Occupation. Niagara Falls: Mokeham Publishing Inc., 2012.
Hutten, Anne van Arragon, ed. The Dutch in Wartime Survivors Remember, Book 7. Caught in the Crossfire. Niagara Falls: Mokeham Publishing Inc., 2013.
Jansen, Steven. Dagboek: Velp en de oorlog 1940-1945. Zutphen: Wöhrmann Print Service/Koninklijke Wöhrmann B.V., 2006.
Karney, Robyn. Audrey Hepburn: A Charmed Life. New York: Arcade Publishing, 2012.
Keogh, Pamela Clark. Audreystyle. New York: HarperCollins, 1999.
Kershaw, Robert. A Street in Arnhem: The Agony of Occupation and Liberation. Philadelphia: Casemate Publishers, 2014.
Kooger, J.P. 100 Jaar Ziekenhuis Velp. Den Haag: CIP-Gegevens Koninklijke Bibliotheek. 1992.
Levy, Daniel S. Anne Frank: Her Life and Her Legacy. New York: Time Inc. Books, 2017.
Lovell, Mary S. The Sisters: The Saga of the Mitford Family. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2001.
Maney, Richard. Fanfare: The Confessions of a Press Agent. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1957.
Middlebrook, Martin. Arnhem 1944: The Airborne Battle. Boulder: Westview Press, 1994.
Mosley, Charlotte, ed. The Mitfords: Letters Between Six Sisters. New York: Harper Perennial, 2007.
Mosley, Diana. A Life of Contrasts: The Autobiography of Diana Mosley. London: Gibson Square Books Ltd., 2003.
Mosley, Nicholas. Beyond the Pale: Sir Oswald Mosley 1933-1980. London: Secker & Warburg, 1983.
Onnekink, Joop. Seven days in the Witches’ Cauldron: A child’s memories of the Battle of Arnhem. Published by www.tekstbureauderaaf.nl.
Paris, Barry. Audrey Hepburn. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1996.
Parish, James Robert and Don E. Stanke. The Glamour Girls. New Rochelle: Arlington House Publishers, 1975.
Peereboom, Robert. Gijzelaar in Gestel. Zwolle: Uitgeverij de Erven J.J. Tijl N.V., 1945.
Presser, J. Ashes in the Wind: The Destruction of Dutch Jewry. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1988.
Pryce-Jones, David. Unity Mitford: A Quest. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1976.
Russell, Sharman
Apt. Hunger: An Unnatural History. New York: Basic Books, 2005.
Skidelsky, Robert. Oswald Mosley. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd., 1975.
Stichting Velp voor Oranje. Herinneringen aan de Bevrijding van Velp. Zutphen: Koninklijke Wöhrmann, 2006.
Sullivan, Robert, ed. Audrey: 25 Years Later. New York: LIFE BOOKS, 2018.
ter Horst-Arriëns, Kate A. Cloud over Arnhem: Oosterbeek-September 1944. Uitgeverij Kontrast, 2009.
Urquhart, Major-General R.E. Arnhem. London: Cassell & Company Ltd., 1958.
van der Zee, Henri A. The Hunger Winter: Occupied Holland 1944-1945. London: J. Norman & Hobhouse, 1982.
van Heemstra, M.J. (Baroness). Friesland as it is. Amsterdam: Lankamp & Brinkman, 1952.
van Maanen, Anje. Tafelberg Field Hospital Diary Oosterbeek 17-25 September 1944. Uitgeverij Kontrast, 2015.
Walker, Alexander. Audrey: Her Real Story. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1994.
Woodward, Ian. Audrey Hepburn. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1984.
Wragg, David. Fighter Operations in Europe & North Africa 1939-1945. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Books Ltd., 2012.
Wykes, Alan. The Nuremberg Rallies. New York: Ballantine Books. Inc., 1970.
Zaloga, Steven J. V-1 Flying Bomb 1942-52: Hitler’s infamous ‘doodlebug.’ Oxford: Ausprey Publishing Ltd., 2005.
About the Author
Robert Matzen has gained a reputation as one of today’s leading biographers for combining airtight research with spellbinding narrative. He has appeared frequently on radio and television discussing his books and other topics related to Hollywood history. He is a former NASA communications contractor and documentary filmmaker whose work has appeared on PBS. He writes a popular blog at robertmatzen.com. This is his eighth book.
The Hollywood in World War II Trilogy
Dutch Girl: Audrey Hepburn and World War II completes Robert Matzen’s “Hollywood in World War II” trilogy, published by GoodKnight Books. The three volumes span the United States and Europe and document human stories set during the darkest times in history.
Fireball: Carole Lombard and the Mystery of Flight 3 (2013) chronicles the unexpected death of America’s “screwball queen.” When her plane goes down near Las Vegas six weeks after America’s entry into the war, a desperate search begins. Fireball covers Lombard’s tumultuous life, the looming threat of global conflict, the others on Flight 3, and the effect of the plane crash on the nation, Hollywood, and her husband, Clark Gable. Matzen’s research included two government investigations into the plane crash as well as TWA’s secret files and the reminiscences of many who knew Lombard and Gable.
Mission: Jimmy Stewart and the Fight for Europe (2016) brings to light the previously unknown combat career of America’s “boy next door.” After the war and for the remainder of his life, Stewart refused to discuss his combat experiences, causing biographers to shy away from that period. Matzen located the combat mission reports for the 20 missions flown by Stewart, found written accounts of life in Stewart’s bomb group of the Eighth Air Force, and spoke with many who took to the air with him. The book begins and ends with production of It’s a Wonderful Life, a picture Stewart made while suffering the effects of what we now know as PTSD.
Other Books by Robert Matzen
Mission: Jimmy Stewart and the Fight for Europe
Fireball: Carole Lombard and the Mystery of Flight 3
Errol & Olivia
Errol Flynn Slept Here (with Michael Mazzone)