538–40, 561–62, 581–82, 584–88, 602–5,
952–56; medicine and, 132–36; miracles
649–50, 653 –672; modalities and, 858–59;
and, 609–23, 627–28; monastic constitunational belonging and, 605–6; oaths
tions and, 930–34, 1100–1112; Nazi regime
and, 262–63, 301–56; ontology and, 1129,
and, 110, 123–24, 140, 144, 207; nomos’s
1132–35, 1143–48, 1177–78, 1180–81, 1215–16,
nonidentity with, 29–31; norms and,
1266; orality and, 947–51; performative
174–75, 190–92, 195–97, 199–200, 240–41;
utterances and, 336–37, 342–56, 535–36,
oathgiving and, 301–56; office and duty
538–40, 586–87; poetry and, 585–88, 600,
under, 703–19; ontological difference and,
785–86, 801–2, 836–37, 839–41, 868–69;
460–64; ownership and, 985–1000; paradox
politics and, 803–4; as remnant, 867–69,
of, 49–50; permission and, 975–84; Plato
871–75; shifters and, 838–39; the unsayable
on, 30–33; positive law and, 18, 34, 979–80;
and, 45, 769, 782–83, 785–87, 853–54,
potentiality and, 36–43, 198–99, 467–69;
856–57, 865–66, 868; vows and, 888,
praxis and, 207–8, 242, 480–82; prelaw
919–24, 932–33; witnessing and, 771–87,
and, 312–13, 321–22, 542, 919; property and,
803–4, 841–42, 857–58; writing and, 48–49,
985–1000; providence and, 480–82; public
947–51. See also being; ontology; saying;
law, 150, 167–68, 201–11, 222, 231–36, 315,
showing ( vs. telling); unsayable, the
320, 374, 438, 525–38, 602–7, 927, 1121;
Lanjuinais, JeanDenis, 107
punishments and, 92–93, 108–9; respon
Lanzmann, Claude, 784–85
sibility and, 775–77; rights and liberties
La Perspective curieuse (Niceron), 274–75
and, 11–12, 102–4; Roman, 61–63, 67–73,
Lassius, Leonard, 568–73
75–77, 197, 201–10, 222–42, 302–3, 314–15,
Lateinisches étymologisches Wörterbuch (Walde),
318–19, 337–38, 344–45, 348–50, 581–82,
67
606–7, 745–46, 775–77, 805–6, 912,
Laub, Dori, 784–85
923–24, 977–79, 1040, 1046–47, 1278–79;
INDEX 1307
rules and, 912–26, 930–31, 941–46; slavery
LéviStrauss, Claude, 25, 68, 311–12, 351–53
and, 1038–45; sovereign’s position with
Lewental, Zelman, 767–68
respect to, 17–36, 44–53, 86–87, 90–93,
Lex Baiuvariorum, 228
142–43, 177–81, 197–98, 225–26, 468–69,
“L’expression du serment dans la Grèce anci
542, 620–21, 924–25; spectacle and, 36–37;
enne” (Benveniste), 303
state of nature and, 33–36; subjectivity and,
Lex Sempronia, 204–5
998–1000; suicide and, 113, 118; suspen
L’herméneutique du sujet (Foucault), 1056,
sions of, 18–28, 34–36, 54–55, 138–47, 167,
1059–61, 1115–17, 1119–20, 1249
170–84, 193–210, 222, 230, 1251; theodicies
liberal democracy. See democracy
and, 774–75; theology and, 62–63, 69–73,
Liber comicus de toto circuli anni, 953
302–3, 312–14, 318, 337–38, 344–45, 350–56,
Liber de causis, 454–58, 621
375–76, 494, 659, 735–36, 774–77, 805,
Liber differentiarum (Isidore), 926
925–26, 933–34, 985–1000; use and, 985–
Liber Floridus (Lambert of St Omer), 283, 283
1000, 1060–61; validity of, 19–21; violence
Liber minoriticarum (Bartolo), 912
and justice in, 31–36, 54–57, 95–96, 212–14,
Liber officialis (Amalarius of Metz), 704
217–21, 240–42, 347–48; of war, 170, 337
Licinius, 380
Laws (Plato), 32, 259, 322–23, 1279
life: aestheticization of, 1113–18, 1120–21,
League of Nations, 110
1249–51; animality and, 1193–95, 1207–8;
Le courage de la vérité (Foucault), 1119–20
apostolic, 961–74; as art, 915–16; biopoli
lectio, 897, 909–11, 947–56
tics and, 6–10, 150–54, 1211–13; biopower
Lectures on the Religion of the Semites (Smith),
and, 6–7; bios and, 5, 12, 56–57, 106, 146,
64–65
148, 973, 1192–93, 1221–26; the body and,
Lederer, Emil, 211
1101–2; capital punishment and, 69–70;
“Le droit pénal de la Grèce antique” (Gernet),
care and, 121–26, 1056–62; citizenship and,
327
105–12; common, 898–901, 913–14, 919–24,
Legum allegoriae (Philo), 315
929–37, 991–92, 1038–39, 1204–6, 1217–18;
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 475, 570, 616–18,
concentration camps and, 113–31; contem
737, 1159–61, 1163, 1169–71, 1179–80
plation and, 1221–26; Dasein and, 1166–93;
Leo III (Pope), 575
“effective, ” 25; eternal, 596–601, 1234; ex
Leo the Great, 683–84, 733–34
amples of, 901–3, 999–1000, 1261–62; exis
Les Illuminations (Rimbaud), 600
tence and, 1156–57, 1164, 1168–72, 1177–81,
Les mots et les choses (Foucault), 1127–28
1185–88; forms of, 46–47, 952–58, 1221–26,
Les pleins pouvoirs (Tingsten), 171–72
1265–66, 1277–78; happiness and, 1222–24;
Letter of Aristeas, 654
homo sacer and, 62–63, 919–20; law’s
Letter of Clement to the Corinthians, 659–62
relation to, 44–53, 167–68, 240–42, 975–84,
Letter on Humanism (Heidegger), 1191–92
1001, 1266–67; liturgy and, 952–56, 980–81;
Letter to Alexander (Arius), 422–23
living and, 1227–39; the Muslim and,
Letter to the Ephesians (Ignatius), 394–96, 408,
795–98, 863–64; national belonging and,
521–22
105–19, 144; oikos and, 258; overcomatose
Letter to Theodore (Proclus), 484–85
persons and, 132–36; politics and, 1021–26,
Letter to the Romans (Paul), 407
1204–5, 1217–18; as praxis, 915–16; rule
Letter to the Whole Order (Francis), 983
and, 887–88, 893–911, 934, 936–37, 941–47,
lettingbe, 42, 92–93, 1269
961–74, 1246–48, 1261–62; sacredness of,
Levi, Primo, 151, 771–78, 782–92, 796–815,
56–57, 61–63, 71–73, 82–87, 973; slavery
820–29, 841–42, 861, 869, 871
and, 1031–48; of the spectacle, 1024–25;
Levi, Sylvain, 577
survival and, 82–84, 861–64; technology
Leviathan (Hobbes): body metaphors and,
and, 1098–99; temporality and, 905–10;
104; eschatology and, 285–90; frontispiece
unworthy of being lived, 113–19, 151; use
of, 265, 266, 267, 268, 271, 271–72, 283,
and, 888–89, 1029–48, 1073–80; vegetative,
286; people vs. multitude in, 277–80;
132
–36, 862–64, 1025; vital functions of,
Schmitt and, 284–85; titling of, 282–83
843–45; zoē and, 5, 12, 56–57, 106, 146, 148,
Levinas, Emmanuel, 124, 831, 1104, 1158,
973, 1025, 1203–4, 1221–26. See also bare
1196–98
life; being; language; ontology; politics
1308 INDEX
“The Life of Infamous Men” (Foucault), 856
Mairet, Gérard, 43
Life of St. Francis (Bonaventure of
Majdanek, 790
Bagnoregio), 970
Malcolm, Noel, 273
Lillge, Otto, 374
Malebranche, Nicolas, 610–21, 625, 627
limit situations, 793–98, 803–4, 816–17
Mallarmé, Stéphane, 45, 588, 1143–44
Lincoln, Abraham, 145, 182–83
mana, 68, 209–10, 311–13, 352–53
Lingens, Ella, 820
Man and Technology (Oswald), 1090
Linneaus, Carl, 624–25
Man and the Sacred (Callois), 67
Lipps, Theodor, 1101–4
maneries, 1231
Liturgical Movement, 675–76
Manganelli, Giorgio, 848–49
Liturgiegeschichte Quellen (Herwegen), 675
Mann, Thomas, 547
liturgy, 524, 526–30, 535–36, 538–46, 561–62,
manner, 1105–7, 1231
572–75, 580–82, 584–88, 593, 604–5,
Marbaix, Ghislain de, 1022
649–50, 653 –674; definitions of, 956;
Marcion, 421, 442, 781
ethics and, 723–24; exile as, 928; formof
Marcus Antonius, 204
life and, 888–89, 957–58, 980–81, 998–99,
Marcus Aurelius, 389, 399, 408
1001; law and, 952–56; life and, 952–56,
Marett, Robert, 311
980–81; mystery of, 675–700; office and,
Maria Laach, 929–30
703–19, 731, 923–24; rulefollowing as,
Marius Victorianus und die Entwicklung der
952–56; temporality and, 905–10. See
abendländischen Willenmataphysik (Benz),
also effectiveness; office(s); rules and
422
rulefollowing
Markus, Robert A., 400, 404, 418
Lives of Infamous Men (Foucault), 1234
Marquard, Odo, 376
Lives of the Fathers, 968
martial law, 169–70, 181
Livy, 81
martyrdom, 778–80
localization ( Ortung), 20, 34, 144
Martyrdom of Polycarp, 399
Lodz ghetto, 820
Marx, Karl, 146, 452, 1017, 1023, 1066, 1097,
logos: language and, 10; Plato on, 1144–48
1112
Lombard, Peter, 669
Mascall, Eric L., 571
Loraux, Nicole, 254–62, 264, 304–6
masterslave relationship, 387–88, 709, 833,
Louis VI, 464
924–25, 1029–48, 1059–62, 1156–57
Louis XVI, 87
Matteotti, Giacomo, 777
love, 1054–55, 1177–78, 1199–1200, 1239
Matthew of Acquasparta, 465, 517
Löwith, Karl, 100, 376, 1196–97
Mauss, Marcel, 65–67, 311, 313, 351, 575–77,
Lucilius, 1075–76
582–84, 780
Lucretius, 1075
Mauthausen, 790
L’usage des plaisirs (Foucault), 1120–21
Maximus, Valerius, 75
Luther, Martin, 550, 956
Maximus the Confessor, 427–28
Lycurgus, 302, 326
Mazon, Cándido, 916–17
Lyons, Andrew D., 134
Medawar, Peter, 135
Lyotard, JeanFrançois, 784–85
Mediator Dei (encyclical), 666–68, 671–74, 678
medicine, 113–36, 151–52
Maastricht Treaty, 605
meditatio, 909–11, 954–55
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 205
Meditations (Marcus Aurelius), 389
machineworld, 475–85, 488, 495–97,
Meier, Christian, 261–62
499–500, 512, 619–20, 629–30, 1096–99
Meillet, Antoine, 307, 310, 349, 745
Macrobius, Ambrosius Theodosius, 62, 69, 84
Mein Kampf (Hitler), 121
Madness and Civilization (Foucault), 19, 21
Melville, Herman, 43, 267, 728
Magdelain, Andre, 232, 234–36, 349, 717
membership, 23–24
magic, 333–34, 350, 576–77, 813–14
Mémoire sur la décomposition de la pensée (de
Magna Carta, 102
Biran), 1085–86
Magna Moralia (Aristotle), 1046
memory, 778–80, 842–43, 866
Maimonides, 338, 341, 552–54
Menexenus (Plato), 255–56
INDEX 1309
messianism, 49–50, 282–86, 869–70, 925,
Monteiro, Adolfo Casais, 839–40
1079–80, 1275. See also eschatology
Montesquieu, 34
Metaphysics (Aristotle), 40–42, 314–15, 379,
Monumentum Antiochenum, 234–35
419, 434, 442–49, 455, 724–26, 803–4,
moods, 1189–90, 1194–97
1037–38, 1044, 1083–84, 1091, 1137, 1140,
Mopsik, Charles, 578–79
1221–22
Moralia (Gregory the Great), 283
Meuli, Karl, 227–28
More, H., 781
Meyerson, Ignace, 422
Morgan, T. H., 120
Michael of Cesena, 976, 991
Moses, 952
Michel, O., 392
mourning, 222–29
Middell, Emil, 206, 222
movements (socioreligiopolitical), 675–76,
middle voice, 1052, 1083–84, 1181–82
961–62
Mielke, F., 130
Müller, Max, 307, 311–12, 352
Miller, James, 1114
multitudes, 276–77, 509, 529–30, 539–42,
Milton, John, 781
545–46, 1218–20
Minima Moralia (Adorno), 814
munus, 703–4, 718, 724
ministry, 507–19, 613–15, 649–50, 658–72,
the Muslim (figure), 151; bare life and, 805–7,
675–700, 704, 714–19, 724
822–23, 861; characteristics of, 783, 788–92;
miracles, 488, 609–23
as core of the camps, 795–97, 815, 822,
Missale Romanum, 715, 723–24
861–62; death and, 808–11, 863–64; hu
Mitrale (Sicardus of Cremona), 704
manity of, 798–800; passivity of, 834–35;
Mitscherlich, Alexander, 130
shame and, 801–2; studies on, 871–75;
modalities, 858–59, 1158–76, 1179–84, 1186–87,
testimony and witnesses to, 784–87,
1189–90, 1229–30, 1237–46, 1262–64
792–95, 800–801, 807–8, 815–18, 841–42,
modernity: biopolitics and, 6; citizenship
850, 861–62, 865–66, 869–75; visibility of,
regimes and, 101–2; concentration camps
794–97, 813
and, 143–47; contemplation and, 1223;
Mussolini, Benito, 207, 238, 546, 777
disenchantment and, 241, 375; the law and, mutatio vestis, 532–33
187–88; modality and, 1183–84; mytholo
Mystagogic Catechesis (Cyril of Jerusalem), 585
gemes of, 91–93; nationstate configuration mystery, 29–30, 377, 391–420, 497, 509–10,
and, 106–12; ontology of, 420; theology
514–15, 563–64, 601, 649–50, 662–72,
and, 375, 518–19, 623–32. See also biopoli
675–700
tics; ontology; secularization; sovereignty
Myth of Er, 1252–64
Moerbeke, William of, 6, 485
“Myth of the State” (Kantorowicz), 78–79
Moingt, Joseph, 373, 418, 431
mythologemes: oathmaking and, 327–28;
Mollaret, P., 132–33, 135
purity and, 218–19, 241; scientific, 64–68,
Mommsen, Theodor, 62, 202–4, 206–8,
209–10, 312, 482; sovereignty and, 432–33,
233–35, 523, 525–26, 531–32, 538, 607
467–69; state of nature as, 89–93, 171;
Monadology (Leibniz), 1161
visual representations of, 265; Voice and,
monads, 1159–62, 1170–71
847–48
monasticism: asceticism and, 927–34; clothing
of, 901–5; excommunication and, 913–14,
Nagy, Gregory, 556
916; formoflife and, 887–89, 901–2, 934,
“The Name of God and the Linguistic Theory
957–58; law’s relation to, 912–26, 1100–
of the Kabbala” (Scholem), 339
1112; liturgy and, 888–89, 954–55; poverty
naming (of God), 330–41
and, 888–89, 975–1000; priests’ distinction
Nancy, JeanLuc, 27, 51, 53, 95
from, 954–55, 965–66, 980–81; rules of,
Napoleon Bonaparte, 170, 175, 191, 216, 238
893–911, 941–46, 1261–62; temporality
Napoleon III, 176
and, 905–11; vows and, 919–24, 932–33
National Recovery Act (USA), 184
Mondzain, MarieJosé, 373
Native Americans, 311
Monophysite heresy, 427
Natorp, Paul, 1138–39
Monotheism as a Political Problem (Peterson),
natural history, 1248
433, 502–3
natural life. See zoē
1310 INDEX
nature, 1038–40
Numenius, 439–42
“The Nature and Function of Sacrifice”
Nuremberg laws, 110, 123–24, 140, 144
(Mauss and Hubert), 780
Nuremberg trials, 116, 127, 717–18, 774
nausea, 1104–5
nutritive life, 1046, 1144, 1208, 1210–13
Nazis: biopolitical analysis and, 7, 107–8,
Nyszli, Miklos, 778
113–26, 815–18; collective guilt of, 824–26;
Führertum and, 238, 439, 711; glory and,
oaths, 301–56, 535–36; amnesty and, 262–63
567; Heidegger and, 124–26, 1198; insignia
obedience (to rules or laws), 717, 748, 812, 921,
of power and, 533–35, 546–47, 549–50,
937, 1097
602; laws under, 110, 123–24, 140, 144,
“Oblique Rain” (Pessoa), 839–40
207; medical experiments of, 127–31; as
Ockham, William of, 467–68, 976, 978–79,
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