by David Mikics
9. Michael Herr, Kubrick (New York: Grove, 2000), 11.
10. Herr, Kubrick, 11.
11. Herr, Kubrick, 10.
12. Grover Lewis, “The Several Battles of Gustav Hasford,” LA Times Magazine, June 28, 1987.
13. Gustav Hasford letters to SK, December 5, 1982, SKA shelf 3, box 5 (Full Metal Jacket).
14. Grover Lewis, “The Killing of Gus Hasford,” LA Weekly, June 4–June 10, 1993 (Hasfor quotes); Hasford letters to SK, January 23, 1984, and May 28, 1983, both SKA, SK/16/1/2/4 (demands for return of photos and screenplay credit).
15. SK letter to Gustav Hasford, no date, SKA, SK/16/1/24.
16. Gustav Hasford, The Short-Timers (1979; New York: Bantam, 1983), 175–76.
17. Jeremy Bernstein interview with SK, 1965, https://www.indiewire.com/2013/12/listen-rare-76-minute-interview-with-stanley-kubrick-about-his-start-in-films-nuclear-war-chess-strategies-248700/.
18. Charlie Kohler interview with SK, East Village Eye, August 1968, https://scrapsfromtheloft.com/2017/01/10/stanley-kubrick-raps/.
19. Heymann interview.
20. Tim Cahill interview with SK, Rolling Stone, August 27, 1987.
21. Author interview with Vincent D’Onofrio, February 9, 2018.
22. Matthew Modine, Full Metal Jacket Diary (New York: Rugged Land, 2005).
23. Heymann interview.
24. D’Onofrio interview.
25. Interview with Lee Ermey, Full Metal Jacket Blu-ray.
26. Jay Cocks, commentary, Full Metal Jacket Blu-ray.
27. Michael Herr, Dispatches (1977; New York: Vintage, 1991), 20–21.
28. From SK’s handwritten notes on Hasford’s book, cited in The Stanley Kubrick Archives, ed. Alison Castle (New York: Taschen, 2004), 471.
29. Georg Scesslen, “Shoot Me, Shoot Me,” Kinematograph 20 (2004): 221–22.
30. D’Onofrio interview.
31. Vincent D’Onofrio, commentary, Full Metal Jacket Blu-ray.
Chapter 9. Frightened of Making the Movie
1. Tim Cahill interview with SK, Rolling Stone, August 27, 1987.
2. Author interview with Sandy Lieberson, July 13, 2017; Peter Bogdanovich, “What They Say about Stanley Kubrick,” New York Times Magazine, July 4, 1999, https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/04/magazine/what-they-say-about-stanley-kubrick.html (Southgate quote).
3. Cahill interview.
4. Cahill interview.
5. Christiane Kubrick, interview, Eyes Wide Shut Blu-ray.
6. Ulivieri’s is the fullest account of Kubrick’s unrealized projects; Filippo Ulivieri, “Waiting for a Miracle: A Survey of Stanley Kubrick’s Unrealized Projects,” Cinergie, September 4, 2017 https://cinergie.unibo.it/article/view/7349/7318.
7. Geoffrey Macnab, “Kubrick’s Lost Movie: Now We Can See It . . .” Independent, January 27, 2009, https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/kubricks-lost-movie-now-we-can-see-it-1516726.html (Schindler’s List); Dalia Karpel, “The Real Stanley Kubrick,” Haaretz, November 3, 2005, https://www.haaretz.com/1.4880226 (Christiane Kubrick quote); University of the Arts, London, Stanley Kubrick Archive (hereinafter SKA), shelf 9, box 3 (Wartime Lies) (script).
8. A selection of Baker’s storyboards is reproduced in A.I.: Artificial Intelligence, ed. Jan Harlan and Jane Struthers (London: Thames and Hudson, 2009).
9. Nathan Abrams, Stanley Kubrick (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2018), 269.
10. Joseph McBride, Steven Spielberg (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2010), 483; SKA, shelf 8, box A (SK quote); Harlan and Struthers, A.I.: Artificial Intelligence, 23 (Maitland quote).
11. Molly Haskell, Steven Spielberg (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017), 174.
12. Robert Emmet Ginna interview with SK, University of the Arts, London, Stanley Kubrick Archive, SK/1/2/8/2.
13. Arthur Schnitzler, Dream Story, in Eyes Wide Shut: A Screenplay and Dream Story (New York: Time Warner, 1999), 235.
14. Scott Feinberg, “Kirk Douglas: ‘I Am Always Optimistic,’ ” Hollywood Reporter, June 6, 2012, http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/kirk-douglas-pacemaker-helicopter-crash-stroke-330997.
15. Cited in Robert Kolker and Nathan Abrams, Eyes Wide Shut (New York: Oxford University Press, 2019), 27.
16. SKA shelf 2, EWS 11.
17. Kolker and Abrams, Eyes Wide Shut, 34–35 (Southern quote); SKA shelf 2, box 12 (Eyes Wide Shut) (SK notebook).
18. John le Carré, The Pigeon Tunnel (New York: Penguin, 2017), 242–43.
19. Frederic Raphael, Eyes Wide Open (New York: Ballantine, 1999), 59.
20. Michel Chion, Eyes Wide Shut (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002), 25.
21. Chion, Eyes Wide Shut, 28; Kolker and Abrams, Eyes Wide Shut, 124 (McQuiston quote).
22. Bogdanovich, “What They Say” (Adam quote); Jon Ronson, “After Stanley Kubrick,” Guardian, August 18, 2010 (Christiane Kubrick quote).
23. David Thomson, Nicole Kidman (New York: Vintage, 2008), 248–49.
24. Interview with Nicole Kidman, Eyes Wide Shut Blu-ray.
25. Kolker and Abrams, Eyes Wide Shut, 89.
26. Kolker and Abrams, Eyes Wide Shut, 107. It was not true, as Thomson reported, that Kubrick barred Cruise from the set for two weeks.
27. Kolker and Abrams, Eyes Wide Shut, 98.
28. Schnitzler, Dream Story, 109.
29. David Denby, “Death Trap,” New York, July 13, 1987, 54; interview with Christiane Kubrick, Eyes Wide Shut Blu-ray.
30. Stephen Hunter, “Kubrick’s Sleepy Eyes Wide Shut,” Washington Post, July 16, 1999 (Catholic Church quote); Lee Siegel, Falling Upwards (New York: Basic, 2006), 229; James Naremore, On Kubrick (London: British Film Institute, 2007), 239.
31. Bogdanovich, “What They Say.”
32. Bogdanovich, “What They Say” (Christiane Kubrick quote); Kolker and Abrams, Eyes Wide Shut, 111 (Cavaciuti quote).
33. Kolker and Abrams, Eyes Wide Shut, 97.
34. Kolker and Abrams, Eyes Wide Shut, 111 (Kubrick operating camera); Lieberson interview.
35. Filmworker, dir. Tony Zierra (2017).
36. Emilio D’Alessandro, with Filippo Ulivieri, Stanley Kubrick and Me (New York: Arcade, 2012), 330.
37. Yoh Phillips, “Stanley Kubrick’s Unprecedented Influence on Hip Hop,” DJBooth, February 6, 2019, https://djbooth.net/features/2019-02-06-stanley-kubrick-influence-hip-hop.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I want to thank my editor, Ileene Smith, and my agent, Chris Calhoun, for their steadfast support and wise, good-humored counsel. Mike Levine improved the manuscript substantially with his careful reading, as did the wonderful Dan Heaton and Susan Laity, the copyeditors of my dreams. The staff at the Kubrick Archive at the University of the Arts, London, was extraordinarily helpful. Richard Daniels and Georgina Orgill, especially, gave me essential aid. Late in the day Steven Moore generously came to the rescue with his indexing expertise and keen eye for mistakes. Heather Gold of Yale University Press was more instantly helpful than any author ever deserved.
Members of the Kubrick family, Christiane Kubrick, Jan Harlan, and Katharina Kubrick, shared their memories of Stanley Kubrick and graciously trusted me to proceed with this project. I am honored to have met and interviewed them. Julian Senior and Vincent D’Onofrio generously talked to me about their relationships with Kubrick. I am grateful for their warmth and good humor, as well as the brilliant insight into Kubrick they gave me. For various forms of Kubrickian lore and advice, I also thank Robert Kolker, Nathan Abrams, Katie McQuerrey, Noah Isenberg, Michael Benson, Rodney Hill, Sandy Lieberson, Robert Pippin, Dana Polan, Lawrence Ratna, and Phil Blumberg, as well as Mark Lentz and the other members of New York’s Stanley Kubrick meet-up. The Garcia Malkins of Mexico City and the Malkins of New York supported me in my Kubrick research, and in other ways too. Yigal and Esme Chazan and Paulette Farsides provided me a home away from home in London, site of the Kubrick Archive, and Jenn Lewin did the same in Haifa. Eric Banks, director of the New York
Institute for the Humanities, and the institute’s fellows were extraordinarily helpful when I presented my work. Among my students, Quentin Key-Tello, Nicholas Day, and Mandana Naviafar of the University of Houston Honors College were particularly insightful about Kubrick’s films.
My editors at Tablet magazine, David Samuels and Matthew Fishbane, have made that publication a much-needed intellectual home for me. Tablet has kindly given permission for several passages from my essays on Kubrick to appear here in revised form.
I am grateful for a grant from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, which enabled me to write this book. I am grateful too for the help given me by J. Kastely, who brought honesty and generosity to the University of Houston English Department chair’s office, and to Bill Monroe, Dean of the Honors College at UH, whose friendship and good humor never wavered. The John and Rebecca Moores Professorship and the Houstoun grant program at UH provided needed funds for the project.
I owe most of all to my wife, Victoria, and my son Ariel, a challenging interpreter of 2001. Their love kept me going, and enjoying life with them made writing this book possible.
INDEX
Abrams, Nathan, 11
Adam, Ken, 8, 86, 131–33, 135, 165
Adams, Richard, 40
Adler, Stella, 116
Agee, James, 6, 20
Agel, Jerome, 104
A.I.: Artificial Intelligence, 12, 141, 165, 182, 183–87, 200
Alcott, John, 135
Alda, Alan, 189
Aldiss, Brian, 165
Allen, Woody, 6, 171, 189
All Quiet on the Western Front, 41
Altman, Robert, 146
Amis, Kingsley, 91
Anderson, Lindsay, 116
Annie Hall, 171
Antonioni, Michelangelo, 3, 13
Anya Productions, 72
Apocalypse Now, 165–66, 179
Arbus, Diane, 6, 20, 150
Ardrey, Robert, 94, 108
Armstrong, Louis, 47
Arrival, 204
Ashley, Ted, 178
Asphalt Jungle, 33, 34
Associated Artists, 62
Astaire, Fred, 6
Avildsen, John, 147
Babel, Isaac, 174
Baby Doll, 71
Bach, Johann Sebastian, 140
Bacon, Francis, 104
Baker, Carroll, 71
Baker, Chris, 185
Balanchine, George, 25
Baldwin, Adam, 174
Baldwin, James, 91
Ballard, J. G., 91
Ballard, Lucien, 42
Bank Dick, 5
Barry Lyndon, 2, 10, 12, 22, 36, 56, 129–42, 143–44, 169, 186
casting of, 130, 192
costumes in, 133, 135
duel in, 138–40
lighting in, 133, 140
plot of, 130, 137–41
source for, 129
Barton Fink, 155
Bass, Saul, 53
Baxter, John, 116
Beatty, Warren, 189
Beauvoir, Simone de, 91
Bedford Incident, 76
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 115, 120–23
Begley, Louis, 11, 40, 182, 185
Benson, Michael, 97
Berenson, Marisa, 130, 133, 135
Berglas, David, 134
Bergman, Ingmar, 3, 13
Berkoff, Steven, 9, 135
Bernstein, Jeremy, 24, 71, 74, 78, 96
Bernstein, Leonard, 16
Bettelheim, Bruno, 144
Birdy, 169
Bogart, Humphrey, 36
Bolívar, Simón, 110
Bondarchuk, Sergei, 113
Bonnie and Clyde, 119
Borges, Jorge Luis, 159
Born on the Fourth of July, 192
Bowie, David, 119
Brando, Marlon, 51–52, 85, 116
Braun, Wernher von, 105
Brown, Garrett, 147, 158
Bruce, Lenny, 12, 65
Brustein, Robert, 88–89
Bryna Productions, 42, 51, 60
Burgess, Anthony, 114–15, 119, 122, 125, 129
Burstyn, Joseph, 24
Calder, Alexander, 25
Calley, John, 143, 165, 178, 188
Canonero, Milena, 133
Carey, Timothy, 41, 43
Cartier, Walter, 21–22
Cavaciuti, Peter, 202
Cavell, Stanley, 12, 190
Chambers, Marilyn, 189
Chaney, Lon, 162, 173
Chaplin, Charlie, 88, 117, 121
chess: film analogies with, 32, 41, 97–98, 126, 204
Ruth Kubrick and, 25
in SK’s films, 35, 100, 103
SK’s passion for, 4, 5, 24, 40, 83, 111–12
war and, 168
Chinatown, 197
Chion, Michel, 191
Ciment, Michel, 13, 136
Cimino, Michael, 179
Citizen Kane, 5, 13
Clarke, Arthur C., 95–98
Clift, Montgomery, 16
Cline, Edward, 5
Clockwork Orange, 7, 9–11, 13, 114–27
Alex in, 2, 3, 8, 11, 22, 68, 72, 94, 104, 114–27, 129, 137, 139, 142, 143, 173, 195, 203
casting of, 116
Christiane Kubrick’s paintings in, 50, 126
corruption in, 56, 123
music in, 115, 118, 119–21, 123
screening specifications for, 90, 126
“Singin’ in the Rain” in, 10, 120, 121–22, 172
source for, 114
Clouzot, Henri-Georges, 144
Cobb, Humphrey, 38
Cocks, Jay, 9, 175
Coen brothers, 155
Cole, J., 204
Colette, 67, 91
Collins, John, 71
Columbia Pictures, 84, 87, 91–92
Conrad, Joseph, 21, 23
Constable, John, 129
Cook, Elisha Jr., 34
Cop, 76
Coppola, Francis Ford, 6, 165–66
Corliss, Richard, 65
Corri, Adrienne, 120
Courtenay, Tom, 118
Crane, Hart, 95
Crawford, Joan, 35
Crothers, Scatman, 146
Crowther, Bosley, 50
Cruise, Tom, 8, 188–89, 191–95, 203
Curtis, Tony, 52–54
Dafoe, Willem, 179
D’Alessandro, Emilio, 128, 134, 162–65
Dante Alighieri, 155
Da Ponte, Lorenzo, 196
Dassin, Jules, 16, 36, 41
Day of the Fight, 21–22
Dean, James, 116
Deer Hunter, 179
Detour, 36
Diabolique, 144
D’Onofrio, Vincent, 169
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 30
Double Indemnity, 32
Douglas, Kirk, 1, 8, 41–47, 51–55, 59–60, 187
Dreams That Money Can Buy, 25
Dr. No, 86
Dr. Strangelove, 2, 7, 10–11, 13, 56, 73, 74–92, 95, 101–2, 107, 115, 121, 169, 172–73
casting of, 82–85
pie fight scene cut from, 87, 160
plot of, 81
restoration of, 180
sources for, 74, 76–78
Dr. Zhivago, 108
Duchamp, Marcel, 25
Duffy, Martha, 135
Dullea, Keir, 27, 94, 192, 202
du Mont, Sky, 193
Duvall, Shelley, 145–46, 148, 154, 157, 159
Eaker, Adam, 137, 140
Earrings of Madame de . . . , 40, 139
Ed Sullivan Show, 47
Edwards, Vince, 34, 50
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 81
Eisenstein, Sergei, 106
Ellison, Harlan, 167
Ellroy, James, 76
Emigrants, 133
Englund, Steven, 114
Epaminondas, Andros, 163
Ernst, Max, 25
Ettinger, Robert, 91
Eyes Wide Shut, 2, 6, 10–11, 12, 28, 73, 159, 179, 181–82, 187–204
Alice in, 68
Bill in, 22, 23, 30, 36, 48, 191, 193–203
casting of, 8, 189, 191–92
Christiane Kubrick’s paintings in, 50
plot of, 1, 191
music in, 191
source for, 26, 40, 187–88
title of, 26
Ziegler in, 10, 46, 159, 191, 193–94, 196–99
Fast, Howard, 52
Fear and Desire, 21–24
Fellini, Federico, 71
Fields, W. C., 5
film noir, 2, 12, 16, 26–28, 31–32, 35–36, 41, 64, 66
Fischer, Bobby, 24
Flying Padre, 22
Fonda, Henry, 72
Fonda, Jane, 146
Ford, Harrison, 190
Ford, John, 151, 175
Franklin, Benjamin, 190
Freeborn, Stuart, 105
Freeman, Jim, 148
Freud, Sigmund, 64, 124, 144, 160
Fried, Gerald, 19, 21, 27, 39, 42, 50
Fromm, Erich, 16
Fryer, Thomas, 89
Fuller, Sam, 175
Full Metal Jacket, 2, 10–11, 13, 56, 151, 167–79, 200
Joker in, 22, 23, 169, 171–77, 179
sniper scene in, 173–74, 175–76
source for, 166–68
structure of, 173–74
title of, 26
Vietnam war genre and, 178–79
Furstenberg, Betsy von, 17
Gaffney, Bob, 111
Gainsborough, Thomas, 129, 139
Gelmis, Joseph, 111–12
George, Peter, 74
George III, 141
Ghamari-Tabrizi, Sharon, 77
Giacometti, Alberto, 96
Gibson, Mel, 124
Giddins, Gary, 41, 45
Gilda, 32
Ginna, Robert, 21, 27, 54, 186
Girlfriends, 181
Gitlin, Todd, 89
Godfather, 2
Goldwater, Barry, 89
Goncharov, Ivan, 91
Gone with the Wind, 108
Goodman, John, 155
Gorme, Eydie, 5
Grant, Cary, 193
Grant, Johnny, 16
Granz, Norman, 65
Graziano, Rocky, 16
Griffith, D. W., 14
Grosz, George, 16
Groves, Leslie, 91
Hagen, Jean, 34
Haggard, H. Rider, 40
Handel, George Frideric, 140
Hanks, Tom, 189
Harlan, Christiane. See Kubrick, Christiane (Harlan)
Harlan, Jan, 167, 183, 203
Harlan, Veit, 12, 48
Harris, Jimmy (James B.), 30, 33, 38, 47, 50, 59–63, 74–76
Harris-Kubrick Productions, 31–33, 37, 38–39, 42, 59–60, 72
Hasford, Gustav, 166–68, 177