by Marcel Proust; D. J. Enright; Joanna Kilmartin; Andreas Mayor; Terence Kilmartin
GIORGIONE, Italian painter (c. 1478–1510): I 556–58; III 584. Mme Putbus’s maid “wildly Giorgionesque”: IV 129, 206; V 516–17.
GIOTTO, Italian painter (c. 1266–1337). The Vices and Virtues in the Arena Chapel in Padua; Swann gives M photographs of them; the pregnant housemaid resembles the figure of “Charity”: I 110–13, 169–72. M. de Palancy and his monocle remind Swann of the figure of “Injustice”: 465. M identifies Florence with the genius of Giotto: 554. The procession of the “little band” recalls Giotto: II 528. Albertine playing diabolo resembles his “Idolatry”: 637. The allegorical figures appear in M’s sleep: III 192. M and his mother visit the Arena Chapel: V 878–79.
GLEYRE, Charles, Swiss painter (1806–74): I 206.
GLUCK, Christoph Willibald von, German composer (1714–87): III 644; IV 694. Quotation from his Armide attributed to Rameau: V 148.
GOETHE, Johann Wolfgang von, German poet (1749–1832): III 346; V 819; VI 160.
GOGOL, Nikolai, Russian writer (1809–52): V 509.
GONCOURT, the brothers Edmond (1822–96) and Jules (1830–70), novelists, critics and diarists. M reads a newly published volume of their Journal: VI 161 pastiche of a passage therefrom: 27–38; M’s reflections on it: 38–43, 130, 238, 281.
GONDI, Paul de. See Retz, Cardinal de.
GORRINGE, General. Commander of the Relief Force that failed to rescue Kut-el-Amara in 1916: VI 162.
GOT, French actor (1822–1901): I 102.
GOYA, Francisco de, Spanish painter (1746–1828): I 462.
GOZZOLI, Benozzo, Florentine painter (1420–97). M’s father in his night-clothes resembles Abraham in a Gozzoli picture: I 49. Prominent members of the Medici family depicted in The Procession of the Magi: II 148; V 83.
GRANDMOUGIN, Charles, French playwright and librettist (1850–1930): III 619.
GRANIER, Jeanne, French actress (1852–1939): III 678.
GRECO, El, Spanish painter (c. 1541–1614). Admired by M’s father: II 382. Charlus resembles a Grand Inquisitor by El Greco: V 272. Paris during an air-raid compared to The Burial of Count Orgaz: VI 163.
GREGORY THE GREAT, Pope. Paris street-criers echo Gregorian chant: V 162, 176.
GRÉVILLE, Henry (Alice Fleury), French romantic novelist (1842–1902): II 233.
GRÉVY, Jules, President of the Republic 1879–87: I 304–6; V 906.
GRIBELIN, Registrar in the Bureau des Renseignements; testified against Dreyfus: III 324.
GRIGNAN, Mme de, daughter of Mme de Sévigné (1646–1705): II 467; V 11–12.
GUILBERT, Yvette, music-hall singer (1868–1944): IV 663.
GUILLAUMIN, Art Nouveau furniture-maker: II 460.
GUISE, Henri, Duc de (1550–88): II 167, 333; V 894.
GUIZOT, François, French statesman and historian (1787–1874): III 389.
GUTENBERG, Johannes, 15th-century inventor of printing by movable type: III 178; VI 164.
GUYS, Constantin, French graphic artist (1802–92): I 595.
HAAS, Charles. Friend of Proust. Wears the same hat as Swann: III 794. Identified with Swann: V 263.
HADRIAN, Roman emperor: IV 541.
HAHN, Reynaldo, French composer, friend of Proust (1875–1947). Allusion to Pierre Loti’s L’Île du Rêve, for which Hahn wrote the music: VI 165.
HALÉVY, Fromental, French composer (1799–1862). M’s grandfather hums passages from his opera La Juive: I 125; “Rachel when from the Lord”: II 207; another quotation from La Juive: IV 331.
HALÉVY, Ludovic (nephew of the above), novelist, playwright and librettist, collaborator of Meilhac (1834–1908). Admired by Mme de Guermantes: I 475; III 278, 678. Quotation from La Belle Helene: V 909.
HALS, Frans, Dutch painter (c. 1580–1666). Allusion to one of his masterpieces, The Women Regents of the Haarlem Almshouse: I 361. Discussed at the Guermantes dinner-party: III 717–21, 745, 752.
HANDEL, George Frideric, German composer (1685–1759): V 284.
HANSKA, Comtesse. Balzac’s “l’Etrangère,” whom he married in 1850: IV 614.
HARCOURT, Alphonse-Henri-Charles de Lorraine-Elbeuf, Prince d’ (1648–79). His familiarity with his lackeys deplored by Saint-Simon: VI 166.
HARDY, Thomas, English novelist and poet (1840–1928). The “stonemason’s geometry” in his novels (cf. Vinteuil’s “key-phrases”): V 507.
HARUN AL-RASHID, Caliph of Baghdad 786–809: VI 167.
HAUSSONVILLE, Louis-Bernard, Comte d’ (1770–1840). Denies knowing Necker, father of Mme de Staël; subsequent connexion of his family with Mme de Staël through the Broglies: VI 168 (cf. III 783–84; VI 169).
HÉBERT, Ernest, academic French painter (1817–1908) admired by Norpois: III 299.
HEGEL, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, German philosopher (1770–1831): VI 170.
HELLEU, Paul, French painter and engraver (1859–1927) (said to have been one of the models for Elstir): IV 459.
HELVÉTIUS, Claude-Adrien, one of the philosophes of the French Enlightenment (1715–71): V 315.
HENRI IV, King of France 1589–1610: III 43, 689; V 895. Allusion to his father, Antoine de Bourbon: III 744.
HENRI V, See Chambord, Comte de.
HENRY VIII, King of England 1509–47. Allusion to his encounter with François I on the Field of Cloth of Gold: III 640 (cf. I 567).
HENRY, Colonel, one of the principal actors in the Dreyfus Case whose suicide on 31 August 1898 was its most dramatic episode: III 315, 325–26; IV 147; VI 171.
HÉRÉDIA, José-Maria de, French poet (1842–1905): II 447.
HERVEY DE SAINT-DENIS, Marquis d’, French sinologist and man of letters (1823–92): IV 159.
HERVIEU, Paul, French dramatist (1857–1915). An outspoken Dreyfusist: V 313.
HINDENBURG, Field-Marshal von, Chief of the German General Staff 1916–18: VI 172.
HIRSCH, Baron, German Jewish banker and philanthropist (1831–96): IV 92.
HOGARTH, William, English painter and engraver (1697–1764). Albertine’s English “Miss” resembles a portrait of Judge Jeffreys by Hogarth: II 557.
HOHENFELSEN, Countess, morganatic wife of the Russian Grand Duke Paul: VI 173.
HOMER, Greek epic poet: III 259, 346, 446, 571, 684. Bloch’s archaic Greek names for Homer’s gods, borrowed from Leconte de Lisle: IV 319 (cf. I 124–25; II 444–46, 478). References to the Odyssey: VI 174.
HOOCH, Pieter de, Dutch painter (1630–81). Vinteuil’s “little phrase” recalls effects in his interiors: I 308.
HORACE, Roman poet. Reasons for the pleasure of reading his odes: II 460–61. His sycophancy to Maecenas, according to Brichot: IV 478. Brichot recites to himself a Horatian ode: V 443.
HOYOS, Count, Austrian Ambassador in Paris: III 670; V 372.
HUGO, Victor, French poet, novelist and dramatist (1802–85): I 108; II 7, 144. Disparaged by Mme de Villeparisis; M quotes to her a line from Booz endormi: 394, 395, 410–12, 418. His dramatic works compared unfavourably to Racine’s by Charlus; Saint-Loup finds this “a bit thick”: 469. The Comtesse de Noailles’s verse compared to his: III 137–38. Quotation from Ultima verba (Les Châtiments): 607. Discussed at the Guermantes’ dinner-table: 674–75. Mme d’Arpajon’s opinion of him; reference to Lorsque l’enfant paraît …: 674 (cf. IV 68). Mme de Guermantes’ opinion of him; quotes lines from Les Contemplations and Les Feuilles d’automne: 679–80; quotes Booz endormi: 726 (cf. 279, 680, 752). The earlier and the later Hugo; the former supplies “thoughts” (pensées) instead of food for thought: 752–53. M re-reads him; Françoise’s footman has purloined his copy of Les Feuilles d’automne: 754. Charlus quotes Booz endormi: 770. Allusion to Tristesse d’Olympio: IV 611, 615–16. Charlus quotes from Les Chants du Crépuscule: 730. La Légende des Siècles an example of the retrospective unity imposed on their works by great writers of the 19th century: V 207 (cf. 351). Reference to Hernani (Doña Sol): 382. Surrounds himself with disciples in his old age: 386. The moon in his work; M recites Booz endormi to Albertine: 551. A line from Les Contemplations quote
d: VI 175. Rachel to recite some of his poems at the Princesse de Guermantes’s reception: 444. Mme de Guermantes quotes a line from Les Contemplations: 467. Allusion to a line from Tristesse d’Olympio (“fils mystérieux”): 504. A line from À Villequier quoted: 516. Quotation from Le Tombeau de Théophile Gautier (“la porte funéraire”): 520.
HÜLST, Monseigneur d’, founder and Rector of the Institut Catholique de Paris (1841–96): V 441.
HUXELLES, Nicolas du Blé, Marquis d’, Maréchal de France (1652–1730). Charlus impersonates him, after the portrait of him in Saint-Simon’s Memoirs: IV 499. Charlus quotes the Saint-Simon portrait in the context of his dissertation on 17th-century inverts: V 407.
HUXLEY, Aldous, English writer (1894–1964). Mentioned parenthetically in connexion with T. H. Huxley (see below): IV 50.
HUXLEY, Thomas Henry, English scientist (1825–95). Anecdote concerning one of his patients: IV 50.
HUYSUM, Jan van, Dutch flower painter (1682–1749): III 286.
IBSEN, Henrik, Norwegian dramatist (1828–1906). Disliked by Bergotte: II 177. Subject of conversation at lunch with Rachel: III 377. Presents the manuscripts of three of his plays to Mme Timoléon d’Amoncourt, who offers two of them to Mme de Guermantes: IV 89.
INDY, Vincent d’, French composer (1851–1931): IV 384, 444.
INGRES, Dominique, French painter (1780–1867). Shrinking of the “unbridgeable gulf” between him and Manet: III 575 (cf. 716: Mme de Guermantes’s view). M. de Guermantes cites La Source as against Elstir: 686. His orientalism: VI 176. Vicissitudes of Mme de Guermantes’s attitude to his work: 495.
IRVING, Sir Henry, English actor (1838–1905). Françoise’s “stage effects” compared to his: III 492.
ISVOLSKI, Alexander Pavlovich, Russian statesman (1856–1919), Ambassador in Paris 1910–17: IV 89.
JACQUET, Gustave-Jean, French painter (1846–1909). His portrait of Mme de Surgis-le-Duc: IV 128, 145–46, 729–30.
JAMMES, Francis, French poet (1868–1938). His name appears in M’s dream: IV 218.
JEAN SANS PEUR. Assassin of Duc Louis d’Orléans in 1407: IV 691.
JOFFRE, General, Chief of French General Staff 1911–14: VI 177.
JOHN OF AUSTRIA, Don, natural son of the emperor Charles V, defeated the Turks at the Battle of Lepanto (1571): III 719.
JOINVILLE, Prince de, son of Louis-Philippe (1818–1900): III 251, 328, 519.
JOMINI, Henri, Baron. Swiss general and military theorist (1779–1869): VI 178.
JOUBERT, Joseph, French moralist (1754–1824). Recommended to Mme de Villeparisis by Legrandin: III 269, 754.
JUDET, Ernest, anti-Dreyfusist journalist: III 335.
JURIEN DE LA GRAVIERE, French admiral (1812–92). Mme de Varambon thinks he is related to M: III 681–83, 750.
JUSSIEU, Bernard de, French botanist (1699–1777): III 222.
KAISER. See William II.
KALIDASA, Hindu poet of the 1st century BC: II 485.
KANT, Immanuel, German philosopher (1724–1804). The “ordered and unalterable” design of Gilberte’s tea-parties recalls his necessary universe: II 107. Mme de Guermantes’s unconventional behaviour recalls his theories on freedom and necessity: III 654. Saint-Loup and Kant: 689. Brichot’s view of him (“Pomeranian mysticism”): V 376.
KESSLER, Count Harry, choreographer of The Legend of Joseph (1914): V 876–77.
KITCHENER, Lord, British general (1850–1916). Allusion to his homosexuality: V 406 (Note 20).
KOCK, Paul de, French novelist (1794–1871). Comparisons between him and Dostoievsky dismissed by M: V 509.
LA BALUE, Cardinal Jean (1421–91), Minister of Louis XI, by whom he was imprisoned for 10 years: II 333.
LABICHE, Eugène, French playwright (1814–88). Swann, in his tirade against the Verdurins, suggests that the “little clan” are like characters in a Labiche comedy: I 406. Saint-Loup’s intellectually snobbish attitude to his father suggests the possible attitude of a son of Labiche to his: II 427. Names that might have come out of Labiche: IV 99. Drinks no longer to be found except in his plays: 643. M. d’Argencourt in old age like a character from a Regnard farce rewritten by Labiche: VI 179.
LABORI, Maître Fernand, counsel for Dreyfus and Zola. His oratorical style: III 529. Frequents Mme Verdurin’s salon during her Dreyfusard period: IV 199 (cf. 384; V 315–16).
LA BRUYÈRE, Jean de, French writer and moralist, author of Les Caractères (1645–96). Quotation from Du coeur: II 274, 462. Quotation by Charlus from Du coeur: 468. Françoise uses the verb plaindre in the same sense as La Bruyère: III 25. Loose quotation from De la mode: V 270. Quotation from Du coeur: VI 180.
LACHELIER, Jules, French philosopher (1832–1918): IV 438.
LACLOS, Choderlos de, French writer, author of Les Liaisons dangereuses (1741–1803). The “ultra-respectable” author of the “most appallingly perverse” book: V 511 (cf. VI 181).
LA FAYETTE, Mme de, French writer, author of La Princesse de Cleves (1634–92): II 670; letter from Mme de Sévigné about her death: III 408–9; IV 32; VI 182.
LAFENESTRE, Georges, French poet and critic (1837–1919): III 720.
LA FONTAINE, Jean de, French poet (1621–95). Allusion by Charlus to The Two Friends and The Two Pigeons: II 467. Reference to The Miller and his Son: III 737. M. de Cambremer knows only one of his fables: IV 427; this is The Man and the Snake: 440; but he also seems to know The Camel and the Floating Sticks: 493 (cf. V 312). Quoted by Brichot: V 443. Rachel recites his Two Pigeons: VI 183.
LAMARTINE, Alphonse de, French poet and statesman (1790–1869). Recited poems in Mme de Villeparisis’s father’s château: II 392. A subject for the literary ladies of the aristocracy: III 263: Occasionally quoted by Mme de Guermantes: 279. Sneered at by Bloch: 328; IV 319.
LAMBALLE, Princesse de, friend of Marie-Antoinette, victim of the September massacres (1792): III 770.
LANDRU, famous French murderer: V 269.
LANNES, Marshal, general in the Napoleonic armies (1769–1809): III 146.
LA PEROUSE, French navigator (1741–88): I 488.
LA ROCHEFOUCAULD, François VI, Duc de, Prince de Marcillac, author of the Maxims (1613–80). Legrandin finds a resemblance to him in Mme de Villeparisis: III 269. Brichot refers to him as “that Boulangist de Marcillac”: IV 372. An apocryphal maxim quoted by Charlus: V 407–8.
LA ROCHEFOUCAULD, François VII, Duc de, Master of the Royal Hounds, son of the above. Saint-Simon appalled to find him hobnobbing with his lackeys: VI 184.
LA TOUR, Quentin de, French portraitist (1704–88). Albertine resembles one of his pastels: V 470. His works destroyed by the revolutionaries: VI 185.
LAVOISIER, Antoine, French scientist (1743–94). His name invoked by Swann apropos of Vinteuil’s creative genius: I 499.
LAWRENCE, Sir Thomas, English painter (1769–1830). Referred to in the Goncourt pastiche: VI 186.
LAWRENCE O’TOOLE, Saint, Archbishop and patron of Dublin (c. 1127–1180). Referred to in one of Brichot’s etymological dissertations: IV 392.
LE BATTEUX, Abbé, French grammarian (1713–80): V 302.
LEBOURG, Art Nouveau furniture-maker: II 460.
LEBRUN, Pierre-Antoine, French poet (1785–1873): II 395; III 372; VI 187.
LECONTE DE LISLE, French poet (1818–94). Revered by Bloch (“my beloved master, old Leconte”): I 124 (cf. II 447, 475, 659). Quoted on the sea: II 391, 659. His authentic Greek spelling, copied by Bloch: IV 319. The moon in his poetry: V 551. (Passages inspired by his translation of Homer: IV 319; and by Hesiod’s Orphic Hymns: IV 324.)
LEGOUVÉ, Ernest, Permanent Secretary of the Académie Française (1807–1903): II 7.
LEIBNIZ, Gottfried Wilhelm, German philosopher (1646–1716): III 356. The salons of the Faubourg Saint-Germain likened to his monads: 656. Not modern enough for Mme de Cambremer: IV 437–38.
LELOIR, Maurice, 19th-century Salon painter. Mme Cottard compares him to Machard (q.v.): I 534.
LEMAIRE, Gaston, French composer (18
54–1928): III 619.
LEMAÎTRE, Frédérick, French actor (1800–1876). Françoise’s “stage effects” compared to his: III 492.Î
LENIN, Russian revolutionary and statesman (1870–1924): VI 188.
LE NÔTRE, André, French garden designer (1613–1700). Charlus speaks of a house with a park laid out by Le Nôtre which has been destroyed by the Israels: II 470–71.
LEO X, Pope (1513–21): V 395.
LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452–1519). His Last Supper: I 54, 234. Quoted on painting (cosa mentale): II 99. Gilberte’s plaits a work of art more precious than a sheet of flowers drawn by Leonardo: 103. Dark glaze of shadows among rocks as beautiful as Leonardo’s: 689. Albertine’s face hook-nosed as in one of his caricatures: V 97.
LEROI-BEAULIEU, Anatole, economist and member of the Académie des Sciences morales et politiques (1842–1912). Advises M’s father to stand for election to the Institut: III 199. Presses M’s father’s candidacy with Norpois: 302–3. His “stern Assyrian profile”: 303. Norpois seeks his support on behalf of Prince Von: 355.
LE SIDANER, French painter (1862–1939). Favourite artist of the Cambremers’ lawyer friend from Paris: IV 278, 284–86, 299.
LESPINASSE, Mlle de (1732–76). Famous for her salon, which rivalled that of her former patron Mme du Deffand (q.v.): II 232.
LEVERRIER, Urbain, French astronomer (1811–77): V 398.
LISZT, Franz, Hungarian composer (1811–86). His “St Francis preaching to the Birds” played at Mme de Saint-Euverte’s: I 466; Oriane has come up from Guermantes specially to hear it: 484. Once played at Mme de Villeparisis’s father’s château: II 392. Mme de Villeparisis and “Alix” both claim acquaintance with him: III 266.
LLOYD GEORGE, David, British statesman (1863–1944): VI 189.
LOMÉNIE, Louis de, French man of letters, frequenter of Mme Récamier’s salon (1815–78): II 63, 417.
LONGUEVILLE, Duchesse de, sister of the Great Condé: III 744, 780.
LOTI, Pierre, French novelist (1850–1923): III 286. Mention of Pêcheur d’Islande: V 257. Allusion to his L’île du Rêve: VI 190.
LOUBET, Emile, President of the Republic during the revision of the Dreyfus Case: IV 132; V 315; VI 191.