2. Peter Longerich, Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews (New York, Oxford University Press, 2012), 523.
3. Ibid, 198.
4. Leslie Horvitz & Christopher Catherwood, Encyclopedia of War Crimes and Genocide (New York, Facts on File, 2006), 200.
5. Christopher Browning, The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942 (Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 2004), 408–09.
6. Michael Berenbaum, The World Must Know: The History of the Holocaust as told in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005), 114.
7. Raul Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews (New York, Holmes and Meier Publishers Inc., 1971), 94.
Chapter 2: Ghettograd
1. ‘The Stroop Report’, Jon E. Lewis, Voices from the Holocaust: First-hand Accounts from the Frontline of History (London, Constable & Robinson, 2012), 194.
2. Ibid, 194.
3. Matthew Brzezinski, Isaac’s Army: A Story of Courage and Survival in Nazi-Occupied Poland (London, Head of Zeus, 2013), 228.
4. Ibid, 231.
5. Ibid, 231.
6. Ibid, 237.
7. Ibid, 249.
8. Ibid, 251.
9. Ibid, 252.
10. Danny Dor (Ed.), Brave and Desperate: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Western Galilee, Ghetto Fighters House, 2003), 166.
11. Moczarski, 1981, 20.
12. Matthew Brzezinski, Isaac’s Army: A Story of Courage and Survival in Nazi-Occupied Poland (London, Head of Zeus, 2013), 259–60.
13. ‘The Stroop Report’, Lewis, 196.
14. Ibid, 195.
15. Ibid, 198.
16. Ibid, 195.
17. Ibid, 196.
18. Matthew Brzezinski, Isaac’s Army: A Story of Courage and Survival in Nazi-Occupied Poland (London, Head of Zeus, 2013), 268.
19. ‘The Stroop Report’, Jon E. Lewis, Voices from the Holocaust: First-hand Accounts from the Frontline of History (London, Constable & Robinson, 2012), 198.
20. Matthew Brzezinski, Isaac’s Army: A Story of Courage and Survival in Nazi-Occupied Poland (London, Head of Zeus, 2013), 270.
21. Ibid, 278.
22. ‘The Stroop Report’, Jon E. Lewis, Voices from the Holocaust: First-hand Accounts from the Frontline of History (London, Constable & Robinson, 2012), 200.
23. Matthew Brzezinski, Isaac’s Army: A Story of Courage and Survival in Nazi-Occupied Poland (London, Head of Zeus, 2013), 138.
24. Yitzhak Arad, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps (New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1987), 352.
Chapter 3: Blobel’s Revenge
1. Hagen Fleischer, Im Kreuzschatten der Machte, Griechenland 1941–1944 (Frankfurt-am-Main, 1986), 548.
2. Mark Mazower, Inside Hitler’s Greece: The Experience of Occupation, 1941–44 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995), 227.
3. ‘The KZ in Syrets’, www.deathcamps.org (accessed 20 August 2015).
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Bills Downs, ‘Blood at Babii Yar – Kiev’s Atrocity Story’, Newsweek, 6 December 1943.
14. ‘The KZ in Syrets’, www.deathcamps.org (accessed 20 August 2015).
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. Martin Gilbert, The Holocaust: The Jewish Tragedy (London, HarperCollins, 1986), 613.
29. ‘The KZ in Syrets’, www.deathcamps.org (accessed 20 August 2015).
30. Ibid.
31. Martin Gilbert, The Holocaust: The Jewish Tragedy (London, HarperCollins, 1986), 613.
32. ‘The KZ in Syrets’, www.deathcamps.org (accessed 20 August 2015).
33. Mark Mazower, Inside Hitler’s Greece: The Experience of Occupation, 1941–44 (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1995), 229–230.
Chapter 4: Death Train
1. ‘Escaping the train to Auschwitz’ by Althea Williams and Sarah Ehrlich, BBC News, 20 April 2013.
2. Ibid.
3. Documentary film ‘Transport XX to Auschwitz’, michelvanderburg.com (accessed 30 June 2015).
4. Testimony concerning the Dossin Barracks and the XXth Convoy by Regine Krochwal, www.users.telenet.be (accessed 30 June 2015).
5. Interview with August Buvens, Transport XX, Dossin – Boortmeerbeek – Auschwitz, 19 April 1943, www.users.telenet.be (accessed 20 June 2015).
6. Interview with Robert Maistriau, Transport XX, Dossin – Boortmeerbeek – Auschwitz, 19 April 1943, www.users.telenet.be (accessed 20 June 2015).
7. Testimony concerning the Dossin Barracks and the XXth Convoy by Regine Krochwal, www.users.telenet.be (accessed 30 June 2015).
8. Interview with August Buvens, Transport XX, Dossin – Boortmeerbeek – Auschwitz, 19 April 1943, www.users.telenet.be (accessed 20 June 2015).
9. Interview with Robert Maistriau, Transport XX, Dossin – Boortmeerbeek – Auschwitz, 19 April 1943, www.users.telenet.be (accessed 20 June 2015).
10. Ibid.
11. Testimony concerning the Dossin Barracks and the XXth Convoy by Regine Krochwal, www.users.telenet.be (accessed 30 June 2015).
12. Interview with August Buvens, Transport XX, Dossin – Boortmeerbeek – Auschwitz, 19 April 1943, www.users.telenet.be (accessed 20 June 2015).
13. Ibid.
14. Testimony concerning the Dossin Barracks and the XXth Convoy by Regine Krochwal, www.users.telenet.be (accessed 30 June 2015).
15. Ibid.
16. Documentary film ‘Transport XX to Auschwitz’, michelvanderburg.com (accessed 30 June 2015).
17. ‘Escaping the train to Auschwitz’ by Althea Williams and Sarah Ehrlich, BBC News, 20 April 2013.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Documentary film ‘Transport XX to Auschwitz’, michelvanderburg.com (accessed 30 June 2015).
21. Testimony concerning the Dossin Barracks and the XXth Convoy by Regine Krochwal, www.users.telenet.be (accessed 30 June 2015).
Chapter 5: The Hour
1. Testimony of Eliyahu Rosehberg, Yad Vashem Archives, 0–3/4039, Jerusalem.
2. Ibid.
3. Andrew Mollo, The Armed Forces of World War II: Uniforms, Insignia and Organization (London, Black Cat, 1987), 191–93.
4. Court Proceedings, Extracts & Interrogations: Former Trawniki SS and Ukrainian Civilians serving in the Treblinka Death Camp, Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, 2007.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Gitta Sereny, Into that Darkness: From Mercy Killing to Mass Murder (London, McGraw-Hill, 1974), 196.
8. Ernst Klee, Willie Dressen and Volker Riess, The Good Old Days: The Holocaust as Seen by Its Perpetrators and Bystanders (Old Saybrook, Konecky & Konecky, 1991), 245.
9. Yitzhak Arad, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps (New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1999), 186.
10. Ibid: 360–61.
11. Testimony of Eliyahu Rosehberg, Yad Vashem Archives, 0–3/4039, Jerusalem.
12. ‘A Year in Treblinka’ by Yankel Wiernik, 1945, www.zchor.org (accessed 20 July 2015).
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Testimony of Kalman Teigman, Treblinka Death Camp Revolt (August 1943), Holocaust Education and Archive Research Team, www.holocaustresearchproject.org (accessed 5 July 2015).
19. ‘A Year in Treblinka’ by Yankel Wiernik, 1945, www.zchor.org (accessed 20 July 2015).
20. Ibid.
&
nbsp; 21. Ibid.
22. Testimony of Kalman Teigman, Treblinka Death Camp Revolt (August 1943), Holocaust Education and Archive Research Team, www.holocaustresearchproject.org (accessed 5 July 2015).
23. Ibid.
24. Gitty Sereny, Into that Darkness: From Mercy Killing to Mass Murder (London, McGraw-Hill, 1974), 239.
25. Ibid: 240.
26. Ibid: 241.
27. ‘A Year in Treblinka’ by Yankel Wiernik, 1945, www.zchor.org (accessed 20 July 2015).
28. Ibid.
29. Testimony of Kalman Teigman, Treblinka Death Camp Revolt (August 1943), Holocaust Education and Archive Research Team, www.holocaustresearchproject.org (accessed 5 July 2015).
Chapter 6: The Choiceless Choice
1. The Fight and the Destruction of Ghetto Bialystok, Testimony of Dr Szymon Datner, December 1945, www.zchor.org (accessed 1 September 2015).
2. Ibid.
3. ‘Armed Resistance in the Krakow and Bialystok Ghettos’ by Sheryl Ochayon, The International School for Holocaust Studies, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, www.yadvashem.org (accessed 1 September 2015).
4. Ibid.
5. ‘Bialystok Ghetto: Liquidation of the Bialystok Ghetto’ by Yitzhak Arad, Jewish Virtual Library, www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org (accessed 2 September 2015).
6. ‘Armed Resistance in the Krakow and Bialystok Ghettos’ by Sheryl Ochayon, The International School for Holocaust Studies, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, www.yadvashem.org (accessed 1 September 2015).
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. ‘Bialystok Ghetto: Liquidation of the Bialystok Ghetto’ by Yitzhak Arad, Jewish Virtual Library, www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org (accessed 2 September 2015).
11. ‘Armed Resistance in the Krakow and Bialystok Ghettos’ by Sheryl Ochayon, The International School for Holocaust Studies, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, www.yadvashem.org (accessed 1 September 2015).
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. The Fight and the Destruction of Ghetto Bialystok, Testimony of Dr Szymon Datner, December 1945, www.zchor.org (accessed 1 September 2015).
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
Chapter 7: Escape from Sobibor
1. Sobibor, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, www.ushmm.org (accessed 3 July 2015).
2. Robert Lifton, The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide (New York, Basic Books, 1986), 95–96, 102.
3. Robert N. Proctor, Racial Hygiene: Medicine under the Nazis (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1988), 191.
4. Arad, 1987, 266.
5. Sobibor, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, www.ushmm.org (accessed 3 July 2015).
6. Ibid.
7. ‘70 years after revolt, Sobibor secrets are yet to be unearthed’ by Matt Lebovic, The Times of Israel, 14 October 2013.
8. Sobibor Extermination Camp: Jewish Prisoner Uprisings Part 1, Jewish Virtual Library, www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org (accessed 31 July 2015).
9. Sobibor, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, www.ushmm.org (accessed 3 July 2015).
10. ‘Sobibor: The Other Great Escape’ by Althea Williams, History Today, Vol. 63, Issue 10, October 2013.
11. Arad, 1987, 307.
12. ‘Sobibor: The Other Great Escape’ by Althea Williams, History Today, Vol. 63, Issue 10, October 2013.
13. ‘Sobibor survivor: ‘I polished SS boots as dying people screamed’ by Tony Paterson, The Independent, 17 January 2010.
14. Ibid.
15. Yitzhak Arad, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps (New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1987), 308.
16. Thomas Blatt, From the Ashes of Sobibor (Evanston, Ill., Northwestern University Press, 1997), 141.
17. Ibid, 242.
18. Sobibor, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, www.ushmm.org (accessed 3 July 2015).
19. Richard Rashke, Escape from Sobibor (Chicago, University of Illinois Press, 1995), 229.
20. Alexander Peczorski, Ha-Mered be-Sobibor (The Revolt in Sobibor), Yalkut Moreshet, No. 10 (1969), 30.
21. Ibid, 31.
22. ‘Sobibor survivor recounts role in revolt’ by Debra Rubin, New Jersey Jewish News, 21 November 2013.
23. Yitzhak Arad, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps (New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1987), 331.
24. ‘Sobibor: The Other Great Escape’ by Althea Williams, History Today, Vol. 63, Issue 10, October 2013.
25. Sobibor, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, www.ushmm.org (accessed 3 July 2015).
Chapter 8: Harvest Festival
1. Israel Gutman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Vol. 4 (Tel Aviv, Yad Vashem, 1990), 960.
2. Yitzhak Arad, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps (New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1987), 187.
3. Ibid, 188.
4. Meilech Neustadt (Ed.), Destruction and Rising: The Epic of the Jews of Warsaw (Palestine, 1946), 351.
5. The Liquidation of the Camp in Poniatowa: The Testimony of Ludwika Fiszer, www.zchor.org (accessed 18 September 2015).
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Andrew Mollo, The Armed Forces of World War II: Uniforms, insignia and organization (London, Black Cat, 1987), 8.
14. The Liquidation of the Camp in Poniatowa: The Testimony of Ludwika Fiszer, www.zchor.org (accessed 18 September 2015).
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
Chapter 9: ‘Bearers of Secrets’
1. ‘We did the dirty work of the Holocaust’: Sonderkommando Auschwitz, www.hagalil.com (accessed 6 June 2015).
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Gideon Graif, We Wept Without Tears: Testimonies of the Jewish Sonderkommando from Auschwitz (New Haven, Yale University Press, 2005), 40–41.
5. Tuvia Frilling, A Jewish Kapo in Auschwitz: History, Memory, and the Politics of Survival (Walthem, Brandeis University Press, 2014), 48.
6. ‘We did the dirty work of the Holocaust’: Sonderkommando Auschwitz, www.hagalil.com (accessed 6 June 2015).
7. Tuvia Frilling, A Jewish Kapo in Auschwitz: History, Memory, and the Politics of Survival (Walthem, Brandeis University Press, 2014), 48.
8. Ibid, 48.
9. Yizkor Book Project, www.jewishgen.org (accessed 20 June 2015).
10. Karola Fings, In the Shadow of the Swastika: The Gypsies During the Second World War (Hatfield, University of Hertfordshire Press, 1997), 188.
11. Ibid, 188.
12. Ibid, 188.
13. Patrick Henry, Jewish Resistance Against the Nazis (Washington DC, CUA Press, 2014), 57.
14. Gideon Graif, We Wept Without Tears: Testimonies of the Jewish Sonderkommando from Auschwitz (New Haven, Yale University Press, 2005), 41.
15. Ibid, 42.
16. Ibid, 42.
17. Ibid, 43.
18. Tuvia Frilling, A Jewish Kapo in Auschwitz: History, Memory, and the Politics of Survival (Walthem, Brandeis University Press, 2014), 49–50.
19. Gideon Graif, We Wept Without Tears: Testimonies of the Jewish Sonderkommando from Auschwitz (New Haven, Yale University Press, 2005), 43.
20. Ibid, 43.
Chapter 10: The Rabbit Hunt
1. Stanislaw Dobosiewicz, Mauthausen/Gusen: Self-Defence and Underground (in Polish) (Warsaw, Wydawnictura MON, 1980), 486.
2. Mauthausen Concentration Camp – Commemoration and Reflection, City of Vienna, www.wien.gv.at (accessed 1 November 2015).
3. David Pike, Spaniards in the Holocaust: Mauthausen, Horror on the Danube (London, Routledge, 2014), Kindle edition, unpaginated.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Mauthausen Concentration Camp – Commemoration and Reflection, City of Vienna, www.wien.gv.at (accessed 1 November 2015).
7. David Pike, Spaniards in the Holocaust: Mau
thausen, Horror on the Danube (London, Routledge, 2014), Kindle edition, unpaginated.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Mauthausen: Resistance, Liberation, and Postwar Trials, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, www.ushmm.org (accessed 2 November 2014).
11. David Pike, Spaniards in the Holocaust: Mauthausen, Horror on the Danube (London, Routledge, 2014), Kindle edition, unpaginated.
12. Ibid.
13. Mauthausen Concentration Camp – Commemoration and Reflection, City of Vienna, www.wien.gv.at (accessed 1 November 2015).
14. David Pike, Spaniards in the Holocaust: Mauthausen, Horror on the Danube (London, Routledge, 2014), Kindle edition, unpaginated.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Mauthausen Concentration Camp – Commemoration and Reflection, City of Vienna, www.wien.gv.at (accessed 1 November 2015).
20. Mauthausen: Resistance, Liberation, and Postwar Trials, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, www.ushmm.org (accessed 2 November 2014).
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
Chapter 11: A Call to Arms
1. ‘Shot by the SS’ by Hans Holzhaider, Süddeutsche Zeitung, 22 April 2015.
2. Dachau Concentration Camp, 1933–1945: Text and Photographic Documents from the Exhibition (Comite International de Dachau, 2005), 200.
3. Dachau and its Liberation by Felix L. Sparks, 157th Infantry Association, 15 June 1989, 45th Infantry Division, www.45thinfantrydivision.com (accessed 1 October 2015).
4. Donald Bloxham, Genocide on Trial: War Crimes Trials and the Formation of Holocaust History and Memory (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001), 96.
5. Dachau Concentration Camp, 1933–1945: Text and Photographic Documents from the Exhibition (Comite International de Dachau, 2005), 200.
6. ‘Shot by the SS’ by Hans Holzhaider, Süddeutsche Zeitung, 22 April 2015.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Dachau Concentration Camp, 1933–1945: Text and Photographic Documents from the Exhibition (Comite International de Dachau, 2005), 199.
10. ‘Shot by the SS’ by Hans Holzhaider, Süddeutsche Zeitung, 22 April 2015.
11. SS-Untersturmführer Heinrich Wicker, Dachau Liberation, www.scrapbookpages.com (accessed 20 September 2015).
12. ‘Shot by the SS’ by Hans Holzhaider, Süddeutsche Zeitung, 22 April 2015.
13. Ibid.
14. Dachau and its Liberation by Felix L. Sparks, 157th Infantry Association, 15 June 1989, 45th Infantry Division, www.45thinfantrydivision.com (accessed 1 October 2015).
Holocaust Heroes Page 21