How to Hide an Empire
Page 61
Bell, Gen. J. Franklin, 103, 107
Bellamy, Edward, 122–25, 132
Bentley, Alvin, 258
beriberi, 102, 190
Berle, Adolf, 229
Berlin blockade and airlift, 295–96, 355, 375
Bermuda, 217
Bernstein, Leonard, 260
Berry, Chuck, 369
Betamax, 328, 331, 332
Beveridge, Albert, 81
B. F. Goodrich tire company, 265, 270
Bharat, see India
Bierce, Ambrose, 438n
Bikini Atoll, 349–51, 356, 363
Bill of Rights, 86
bin Laden, Abdullah, 372
bin Laden, Awadh, 372
bin Laden, Mohamed, 372, 373
bin Laden, Osama, 121, 374–75, 380–85
bin Laden, Saad, 385
bin Laden, Salem, 373
bin Laden construction firm, 372, 373, 380
birth control pills, 247–49, 251, 274, 383; see also contraceptives
birther conspiracy theory, 397–98
Birth of a Nation, The (movie), 117, 156
Blackboard Jungle (movie), 260
Black Panthers, 14
blacks, see African Americans
black sites, 388–89
Blackwell, Blanche, 339
Blackwell, Chris, 339, 340
Bloody Island Massacre, 106, 422n
Bollywood, 332
Bolsheviks, 117
Bonin Islands, 200
Boone, Daniel, 25–29, 32, 34, 35, 36, 51, 61, 81
Boone and Crockett Club, 60–61
Boonesborough (Kentucky), 25–27
Boot, Max, 386
Booth, John Wilkes, 261
Borneo, 276
“Born in the U.S.A.” (Springsteen), 370
Boston, 33, 119, 123–25, 144, 156
Boston Globe, 354
Boston Tea Party, 28, 239
Boustany, Charles, 398
Brazil, 154, 220, 276, 284, 329
Brereton, Lewis, 442n
Breslau, University of, 57
Brezhnev, Leonid, 374
Bridge on the River Kwai, The (movie), 370
Britain, 132, 224, 229, 324, 355, 400; colonies of, see British Empire; in Desert Storm coalition, 377; industrialization in, 48; U.S. military in, 233, 355–57, 369
British Council, 334
British Empire, 13, 125, 154, 157, 163, 196, 265, 386, 413n; American independence from, 10, 25, 29, 33; end of, 315, 338; governments of colonies in, 75, 155, 161; holiday celebrating, 19, 111; in International Organization for Standardization, 310–11; measurement system in, 303; North American colonies of, 26–28, 32–33, 36, 415n; Oregon claims of, 41; in Paris Peace Conference, 119–20; Peruvian guano industry monopolized by, 50, 63, 339; telegraph cable system of, 288, 288; uprisings against, 120–21; in World War I, 267, 288–89, 296; in World War II, 4, 169, 189, 192, 197, 216–18, 283, 288, 288–89, 306–10, 337, 341; worldwide population of, 11
British Guiana, 109
Brown, Wenzell, 242, 243, 260
Brown v. Board of Education (1954), 96, 240
Bryan, William Jennings, 80–81, 93, 152
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 374
bubonic plague, 102, 125, 280–81
Buchanan, Pat, 13–14
Bud Bagsak Massacre, 107, 111, 423n
Bud Dajo Massacre, 105–106, 106, 422n
Buenos Aires, 64
Buffalo (New York), 299
Bullock, Seth, 60
Buna, 200
Burma, 189, 196, 197, 216, 234, 275, 283; uprising against imperialism, 230, 231
Burnham, Daniel, 123–30, 131, 132–36, 143, 158, 196, 210, 428n
Burr, Raymond, 351
Burtonwood U.S. Air Force base, 355, 357–58, 474n
Bush, George H. W., 200
Bush, George W., 383–86, 389, 394
Business Insider, 426n
Butler, Nicholas Murray, 238, 241
Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 26
C++ coding language, 330
C-5 and C-6 transport planes, 376
Caddos, 42
Cairo (Egypt), 285, 286
Calhoun, John, 77
California, 10, 41, 50, 228, 299, 319, 364, 369, 416n; annexation of, 77; statehood of, 34–35
Cambodia, 394
Cambridge University, 64
Cameroon, 334
Canada, 8, 39, 161, 165, 171–73, 220, 277, 306; First Nations of, 173; Francophones in, 329
cancer, 144, 150–52, 350
Canon, 369
Canton Island, 341
Cape Gloucester, 200
Caribbean, 9, 51, 54, 74, 114, 120, 156–57, 218, 344; claims to uninhabited islands of, 10, 17, 47, 52, 54; rebellion against empires in, 230; war with Spain in, 67, 70; see also specific colonies and nations in or adjacent to waters of
Carnegie, Andrew, 81, 122, 426n
Caroline Islands, 219
Carson, Kit, 35
Carter, Jimmy, 295
cartography, see maps
Cash, Johnny, 370
Casino Royale (movie), 340
Castle, William, 248
Castro, Fidel, 347, 389
Castro, Raul, 347
Catholics, 30, 65, 103, 247
Cazneau, Jane, 409n
Cebu (Philippines), 128, 421n
Census Bureau, U.S., 43
censuses, 10–13, 33, 62, 74, 78–79, 347, 416n, 422n
Central America, 347
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 223, 297, 346–48, 384, 385, 388, 389, 481n
Central School (Manila), 128
Chamberlain, Neville, 337
Chamoru, 12, 319; see also Guam
Chaplin, Charlie, 223
Chateaubriand, François-René de, 26
chemical weapons, 151–52, 248, 256, 259, 303, 381; see also poison gas
Cheney, Dick, 375, 380, 386, 388
Chernobyl nuclear accident, 348
Cherokee Advocate, The, 43
Cherokee Phoenix, 37
Cherokees, 22, 37–39, 42, 409n; language of, 37, 44, 323, 330
Cheyennes, 42
Chiang Kai-shek, 109
Chicago, 34, 233, 259, 299, 396; Burnham’s plan of, 127–28, 135; World’s Columbian Exposition in, 60–61, 123–24, 127
Chicago Herald, 80
Chicago Tribune, The, 159, 228
Chickasaws, 42
Chile, 46, 56, 264
Chin, Gabriel, 395
China, 73, 74, 85, 121, 230, 234, 321; Cultural Revolution in, 326; English language in, 118, 322, 331, 333; exclusion of immigrants to United States from, 83; exploitation of overseas laborers from, 53, 391; garment industry in, 394; imperial spheres of influence in, 62, 197; plastic manufactured in, 316; Red Army in, 231; Republic of, see Taiwan; revolution in, 109; U.S. soldiers’ protest in, 233; during World War II, 265, 283–86, 290
Chincha Islands, 49–50
Chirac, Jacques, 331
Choctaws, 42, 44, 393
cholera, 101–102, 125–26, 130, 198
Christians, 37, 74, 104, 106, 264, 373, 379
Christian Science Monitor, The, 159
Chrysler, 371
Churchill, Winston, 164, 189, 192–93, 217, 226, 321–23, 325, 334
Cincinnati, 34
Citigroup, 147
city planning, 124–30, 132–36, 428n
Civil War, 41, 66, 91, 103, 115, 116, 140, 421n
Clansman, The (Dixon), 117
Clapton, Eric, 369
Clay, Gen. Lucius, 296
Clehouse, E. H., 228
Clemens, Samuel, see Twain, Mark
Cleveland, 299
Cleveland Herald, 49
Cliff, Jimmy, 339
Clinton, Bill, 381–83
Clinton, Hillary, 260, 396–97
CNN, 398
Cody, Buffalo Bill, 60
Cold War, 184, 264, 295–97, 311, 355, 356, 360
Cole, Nat King, 357
Cole, USS (dest
royer), 382
Collazo, Oscar, 254, 255, 261
Colombia, 114, 220, 280
Colorado, 158
“Columbia,” 76
“Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean,” 76
Columbia Pictures, 370
Columbia Records, 370
Columbia University, 238, 331–32
Columbus, Christopher, 123
Comanches, 42
Coming of Age in Samoa (Mead), 154–55, 434n
Commerce Department, U.S., 302
communism, collapse of, 297, 374–75
Congo, 265, 276
Congress, U.S., 76, 78, 98, 112, 158, 163, 169, 179, 246, 344; birthers in, 398; decolonization efforts in, 235, 239; guano deliberations in, 50, 52; Indian Country and, 39–41, 43; nonvoting representative of Puerto Rico in, 244; Puerto Rican nationalist attack on, 16; standardization policies in, 300, 303; territories under control of, 29–30, 84–85, 87, 257, 258, 399; U.S. flag in moon landing required by, 263; during war with Spain, 67, 80; during World War I, 117; during World War II, 5, 194; see also House of Representatives, U.S.; Senate, U.S.
Connery, Sean, 370
Constitution, U.S., 12, 29, 31, 37, 66, 225, 395, 398, 416n; Second Amendment, 107; Thirteenth Amendment, 104; Fourteenth Amendment, 83–86, 394–95
contraceptives, 156, 247, 249, 250, 252, 454n; see also birth control pills; sterilization
Convention on a Uniform System of Road Signs and Signals, 313
Coolidge, Calvin, 159, 220
Cooper, James Fenimore, 35, 51–53
Cornell University, 81
Corregidor, 189, 192, 196, 237
Corregidor (movie), 194
Corretjer, Juan Antonio, 426n
Cosmopolitan Clubs, 109–10, 119
Costa Rica, 114, 242
Costello, John, 442n
cotton, 37, 48, 158, 265, 270, 283
Council on Foreign Relations, 266
Crane, Stephen, 69
Crater, The (Cooper), 51
Cream, 363
Creeks, 42
Creole languages, 467n
Crèvecoeur, J. Hector St. John de, 27
Crichton, Michael, 370
Crockett, Davy, 35, 61
Crosby, Bing, 357
Cry “Havoc” (movie), 194
Cuba, 51, 64–66, 75, 80–81, 112–13, 156, 286, 347, 389; independence of, 113–14; traffic signs in, 314; war with Spain in, 66–72, 97, 279, 414n
cultural artifacts, 15–16; see also titles of movies and songs
Cumberland Gap, 25
Cuneiform, 330
Curtis, Charles, 301, 323
Czechoslovakia, 120, 449n
Daily Mirror, The, 357
Dakota Territory, 60
Danish West Indies, 114, 120
Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), 6
Darwin, Charles, 33
Davao (Philippines), 129, 181
Davy, Humphry, 48
Dawson Creek (British Columbia), 172
D-Day, 224, 289, 290
DDT, 18, 225, 282, 292–93, 295, 314
Deadwood (South Dakota), 60
Deane, Gen. John, 290
De Bevoise, Ken, 103
Declaration of Independence, 25, 26, 95, 225, 380
Deep Purple, 363
Deerslayer, The (Cooper), 35
deindustrialization, 365, 370
Delaware, 51
Delaware Indians, 42
DeLay, Tom, 393
Deming, W. Edwards, 361–62, 370
Democratic Party, 93, 95–96, 115, 159, 160, 239, 350, 397–98; Southern, 240
Democratic Party of Japan, 387
Demolins, Edmond, 68
Deng Xiaoping, 333
Denmark, 353, 364
depopulation of Indians, 36
Detroit, 371
Dewey, Commodore George, 67, 71, 73, 79, 80, 88–89, 102, 279
Dhahran Air Base (Saudi Arabia), 372, 373, 375, 379, 380, 387
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, see DDT
Diego Garcia, 377
Dietrich, Marlene, 267
Discman, 368
diseases, 32, 124–26, 132, 146, 150, 261, 280–82; English settler deaths from, 32, 317; of guano workers, 53; among indigenous polities, 33, 36, 38, 173, 180; of livestock, 346; in wartime, 101–103, 150, 190, 291–93, 304, 421n; see also specific diseases
Disneyland, 274, 337
“Dixie,” 76
Dixon, Thomas, Jr., 117
Doane, Ralph Harrington, 134
Dobbs, Lou, 398
Dobyns, Henry F., 409n
Doctor No (Fleming), 339–40, 345, 347, 348; movie of (Dr. No), 340
Doctor Strangelove (movie), 353
Dominican Republic, 78, 114
Don Juan (Byron), 26
Douglas, Stephen, 41
Dresden, 215
Drexel Institute, 133
drones, 384–86, 390
Drum, Gen. Hugh, 165
Du Bois, W.E.B., 14, 81, 106
Dulles, Allen, 347
Dulles, John Foster, 364–65
DuPont Corporation, 271, 277
Durex, 249
Durrell, Lawrence, 322
Dust Bowl, 167
Dutch Empire, 157, 189, 265; East Indies in, 160–61, 197, 198, 200, 291
Dylan, Bob, 370
“Dymaxion map,” 221
dysentery, 102, 130, 190, 280, 291, 293
Earhart, Amelia, 10, 341
Early, Steve, 191
Eastern Bloc, see Soviet Union
Eaton Labs, 249
École des Beaux-Arts, 128
Economist, The, 382
Eden, Anthony, 338
Egypt, 85, 118, 121, 216–17, 220, 373, 388
Einstein, Albert, 57, 322
Eisenhower, Dwight, 166–67, 262–63, 290, 345, 363
El Alamein, Battle of, 217
Elba, 336
electronics, 259, 314, 357, 365–69, 456n
Elements of Agricultural Chemistry (Davis), 48–49
Elks Club (Manila), 128
Ellis, Joseph, 29
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 124
Empire Day, 19, 111
Enewetak Atoll, 350
England, 32, 192, 199, 218, 373; U.S. nuclear weapons in, 356, 358–59; see also Britain; London
English language, 33, 94, 113, 151, 225, 247, 317–35, 367, 371, 467n, 469n; alternative lingua francas to, 320–22; decolonization and native languages versus, 325–26; globalization of, 18, 118, 312, 316, 318, 320–22, 326–35; Native American speakers of, 37, 317, 319; simplified orthographies for, 322–25; in U.S. territories, 15, 109, 133, 151, 154, 195, 212, 242, 244, 247, 251, 304, 319–20
Enlightenment, 26
Epstein, Brian, 358
Esperanto, 332
extraordinary rendition, 388–89, 480n, 481n
Exxon, 372
Fagen, David, 96–97
Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia, 375
Fairbanks (Alaska), 16, 172, 218
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 148, 256, 338
Federalist Party, Puerto Rican, 108
Fenn Manufacturing company, 304
Ferguson, Niall, 386
fertilizers, nitrogen, 47–49, 57; see also guano
Feynman, Richard, 274
Filipino Democratic Alliance, 232–33
Filipinos, see Philippines
Fillmore, Millard, 50
Fireball Express, 284–85
first-mover advantage, 369
First World War, see World War I
Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 45
Flag Day, 111
Fleming, Ian, 337–40, 345, 347, 348
Flint (Michigan), 370
Florida, 10, 46, 77, 158, 279, 286, 399
flying fortresses, see B-17 bombers
Flynn, Errol, 339
Fonetik Crthqgrafi, 323
Fong, Hiram, 241
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 249
Forbes, Cameron, 124–32, 134, 159–60, 189
Ford, Gerald, 200, 383
Ford, Henry, 271
Ford, John, 194
Ford Motor Company, 370
Fortune 500 companies, 393
Fortune magazine, 165, 222, 271
Fourteen Points, 117–18
Fox News, 398
France, 46, 109, 120, 229, 311, 313, 331, 400; colonies of, 19, 119, 125, 157–58, 265, 396; Louisiana acquired from, 30–32, 38, 46, 77, 416n; population of, 33–34; U.S. soldiers in, 233, 356; in World War I, 296, 305; in World War II, 290, 307, 449n
Franklin, Ben, 27, 33, 34, 47, 318–20
Freinkel, Susan, 271
French Indochina, 169
French language, 318, 320–21, 329, 469n
Friedman, Andrea, 426n
Friedman, Thomas L., 315
From Here to Eternity (movie), 3
frontier, 8, 26–30, 32–36, 59–63, 68, 154, 262, 297
Fuller, Buckminster, 221
Futenma (Japan), 387
Gadsden Purchase, 46–47, 51
Gag Law (Puerto Rico), 253, 256
Gambia, 220
Gandhi, Mohandas, 118–21, 325, 426n
García, Gen. Calixto, 71
Garrett, Pat, 60
Gates, Robert, 379
General Instrument, 383
General Motors, 152, 370
Georgetown University, 244
Georgia, 29, 37–39, 457n
German language, 318, 320–21
Germany, 57, 121, 158, 329, 381; fleet of, 64; Harvard students from, 109–10; Jews in, 57–58; post–World War II occupation of, 17, 224, 234, 295–96, 449n; U.S. soldiers’ protest in, 233; Weimar, 267; in World War I, 110, 118, 264, 284, 288–89, 295; in World War II, 185, 191, 192, 197, 199–200, 215–17, 222, 229, 267–69, 273, 283, 287, 315, 337–38
Gestapo, 178
Ghana, 327
Ghostbusters (movie), 370
Gilded Age, 123
Giuliani, Rudy, 260
Glenn, Maj. Edwin F., 99–101
global alphabet, 323–25
globalization, 18, 264, 279, 282, 315–16, 328, 334
global positioning system (GPS), 378–79, 383, 385, 385, 390
“God Bless America,” 76
Godzilla (movie), 351–52, 363, 400
Gojira (movie), 351–52
gold, 34, 37, 41, 190, 193, 226
Goldwater, Barry, 394
Gómez, Máximo, 70, 72
Gompers, Samuel, 81
González Martínez, Isaac, 430n
Goran, Morris, 412n
Göring, Hermann, 337
Grant, Ulysses S., 78
Grayson, William W., 90
Great Depression, 142, 157–59, 161
Great Dictator, The (movie), 223
Greater America Exposition (Omaha, 1899), 82–83, 83, 88, 90
Greater United States maps, 9, 9–12, 75, 112
Great Migrations, 251
Green Grow the Lilacs (Riggs), 44–45
Greenland, 352–53, 364
Griffith, D. W., 117