issued a news release questioning my qualifications: http://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=fcc1fcc3-802a-23ad-4420-7c7e728928fb.
“lied to the Senate”: https://votesmart.org/public-statement/412493/brownback-disappointed-by-nomination-of-chris-hill-to-serve-as-ambassador-to-iraq#.Uky__r-E7ww.
Dick Cheney was John King’s guest: CNN Late Edition, http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0903/15/sotu.01.html.
an impassioned plea to the Senate to confirm me: http://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2009/03/18/top_brass_disturbed_by_gop_stalling_of_iraq_ambassador.
Senator Kerry was energetic and generous in his support: http://votesmart.org/public-statement/419169/nomination-of-christopher-r-hill-to-be-ambassador-to-iraq-continued#.UkzNPr-E7ww.
Chapter 22: The Longest Day
A company called First Kuwaiti: First Kuwait was the prime contractor of a project that became fodder for much that was wrong in Iraq. http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2007/10/18/20676/criminal-probe-into-us-embassy.html.
Peruvian contract guards in brown uniforms: Most worked as subcontractors for a company called Triple Canopy, one of several private military contractors, the best known of which was Blackwater. For a general discussion on the phenomenon see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_military_company.
the arrival of Secretary Clinton: http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/hillary-clinton-visit-iraq-secretary-state-iraq-track-article-1.359990. Clinton never returned to Baghdad. Part of the reason she did not return was that soon thereafter, President Obama asked Vice President Biden to oversee efforts in Iraq. Nonetheless, many argued that as holder of the State Department’s largest post, she should have made an appearance there.
Chapter 23: Winding Down the War
audience of marines at Camp Lejeune: President Barack Obama, “Responsibility for Ending the War,” Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, February 27, 2009.
“The surge was my idea”: The success of the surge had many fathers, Petraeus among them. Wikipedia has a good summary of it. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007.
“America doesn’t deserve its military”: Alissa J. Rubin, “In Iraq, a Blunt Civilian Is a Fixture by the General’s Side,” New York Times, November 20, 2009.
Terry Barnich: “U.S. officials: Roadside bomb kills3 in Fallujah,” http://USAToday30.usatoday.com/news/world/Iraq/2009-05-26-iraq-bomb_N.htm.
announced that Vice President Biden would take on: http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2009/06/obama-gives-biden-iraq-assignment/.
bomb that had devastated the Foreign Ministry building: http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2009/0824/p06s01-wome.html.
approved an election law: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/07/world/middleeast/07iraq.html?_r=0.
“It is difficult for any major oil company not to be in Iraq”: A French oil executive quoted in “U.S. Companies Shut Out as Iraq Auctions Its Oil Fields,” Time, December 19, 2009.
Index
Abramowitz, Mort, 130
Accountability and Justice Commission, 377
activation order (ACTORD), 142–43
Adair, Marshall, 96
Adeeb, Ali al-, 386
Adelman, Carol, 47, 50–51
Afghanistan, 38, 297, 301
Holbrooke on, 389–91
New Zealand in, 269, 271
Polish offer of forces for, 187, 188
Soviet invasion of, 34
war in, 194, 199, 204, 211, 269, 363, 382–83
Afghan War, 194, 347
AFL-CIO, 41
Africa, 15
Agani, Fehmi, 128, 135
Agency for International Development, U.S. (USAID), 46, 47, 50–51, 335, 336
Agreed Framework, 205, 245, 292
Agreed Principles, 91, 93, 102, 222
Ahn Chanmo, 190–91
Albania, 7, 45–51, 79, 97, 121, 122–23, 136, 167, 168, 316, 317, 320
Albanian Foreign Ministry, 46
Albanians, 107–8, 131, 147, 159, 177, 373
in Kosovo, 120–22, 124, 126–27, 129–32, 134, 144–45, 147–49, 150, 152, 154–56, 167, 170, 177, 178
in Macedonia, 97, 167, 173
Ottomans resisted by, 120
Rambouillet negotiations with, 148–49, 151–56
Albright, Madeleine, 76, 142, 162, 179, 259, 332
Hill appointed Kosovo envoy by, 125–26
and Rambouillet negotiations, 147–48, 150–51, 155–56
Alekseyev, Aleksandr, 210, 223
Alexander the Great, 94
Aliu, Bix, 154, 160–61, 164
Al Jazeera, 376
Allawi, Ayad, 370–77, 382–86
Amanpour, Christiane, 146, 150, 288
Ambrose, Stephen, 344
American Academy of Berlin, 253, 255
Anbar Province, 249, 295, 323, 340, 344, 356
Anderson, Joseph, 345
Andrews, M. C., 49
Andrews Air Force Base, 81
Angola, 78
Ankara, 93, 101, 102, 103
Annex One, 333
Annex Two, 333
Antwerp, 16
Arabs, 396
Iraqi, 375
Shia, 337, 355
Sunni, 302, 355, 375, 396
Arab Spring, 397
Arendt, Hannah, 106
Arlington, Va., 40
Arlington National Cemetery, 301, 362
Armitage, Richard, 202, 203, 286–87
ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), 264
Asher, David, 242
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, 269
Assad, Bashar al, 358, 359, 386
Assassin’s Gate (Packer), 302
Associated Press, 135, 311
Assyria, 350
Athens, 93, 95, 96, 98–99, 100, 118
U.S. Embassy in, 99
Atkins, Dana, 145
Auckland, 272
Australia, 189, 203, 272, 274
Austro-Hungarian Empire, 52, 57
Baghdad, 2, 5, 274, 294, 295, 303, 310, 313, 316, 318, 323–39, 341, 343, 345, 363, 366, 370, 373, 382, 383, 387, 389, 410–11n
U.S. Embassy in, 37, 316, 324–26, 328, 332, 333–38, 348, 349, 353–54, 356, 359, 378, 379, 383, 396
Baghdad International Airport, 319, 322
Baghdad University, 381
Bajevski, Ljubco, 161, 163
Baker, James, 36
Balcerowicz, Leszek, 44–45
Balcerowicz Plan, 44
Balkans, 3, 105, 110, 130, 178, 217, 227, 345, 362, 381, 400
breakup of Yugoslavia in, 52–53
consequences of instability in, 58, 77–78
Hill’s appointments to, 51, 56, 59, 79, 112, 179, 186, 284, 323, 357
Hill’s return to, 399
Kosovo crisis in, 120, 124, 131, 135, 148, 159
Macedonian issues in, 93, 95–96, 98
Ottoman Empire in, 89, 129
revenge in, 178, 303
Balkan Wars, 122
Baltic States, 54
Bamenda, 20
Banco Delta Asia, 241–43, 246–48, 252–53, 255–58
Bangkok, 296
Bangladeshi battalion (Bang Bat), 71–72
Ban Ki-moon, 206, 207, 238, 259, 327
Barkhouse, Nolan, 213, 214, 215
Barnich, Terry, 356
Barrasso, John, 314
Barzan, 386
Barzani, Massoud, 327, 368, 374–75, 382, 386–88, 397
Basra, 346, 369
Basra Chamber of Commerce, 381
Bechtel, 399
Beijing, 211, 212–13, 215, 221, 222, 227, 233, 235, 242, 246, 250, 256, 280, 284, 288, 295, 311
U.S. Embassy in, 213, 218, 259
Belgium, 16, 41
Belgrade, 161, 181, 298
and Bosnian conflict, 70–71, 72, 79, 87, 91, 98, 102, 105
Chinese embassy bombed in, 170
Eagleburger in, 33–36
Hill’s childhood years in, 13–15
and Kosovo conflict, 120, 124–26, 128–29, 141, 145, 151, 156
U.S. Embassy in, 15, 32, 71, 119, 124, 317
Belgrade, International School of, 13–14
Berger, Sandy, 60, 76, 80, 86, 179, 180
Berlin, 40, 253, 254–55, 285
Berlin Wall, 45, 58
Biden, Joe:
as Iraq point man for Obama administration, 333, 368, 369, 380, 385, 387, 410–11n
Iraq visits of, 339, 361–62, 383–84
Bight of Biafra, 20
Bildt, Carl, 71, 73
bin Laden, Osama, 194
Bitola, 178
Blackwater, 408n
Blair, Tony, 185
Blinken, Tony, 362
Bolten, Josh, 276, 277
Bolton, John, 197, 203, 242, 275
Bondy, Steve, 339
Bosnia, Bosnians, 90–91, 101, 124, 128, 139, 143, 144, 159, 179, 225, 227, 317, 399, 400
arms embargo to, 56, 65, 68
Contact Group plan for, 88
Croat alliance with, 68
Dayton Peace Accords and, 109–11, 121–22, 197, 395
death of Frasure and, 79, 80, 83, 107–8
Geneva negotiations and, 102–3, 104
Hillary Clinton in, 113–15
Paris negotiations and, 83, 85–86
Srebrenica massacre in, 147
UN troops in, 67–73, 95, 105, 107
U.S. relations with, 56–57, 66
war in, 130
Bosnian-Croat Federation, 227
Bosnian Croats, 68, 84, 106
Bosnian Federation, 84, 102
Bosnian Muslims, 68, 73–74, 84, 106, 400
Bosnian Serbs, 53, 57, 65, 68, 69, 70–71, 73, 86–90, 102–3, 104, 105, 106–11
Boston, Mass., 117, 179
Boston Globe, 313
Bowdoin College, 19
Brad (security detail), 173–74
Bradtke, Bob, 64
Brasich, Mrs., 13
Bremer, L. Paul, 7
Bremner, Sue, 59
British Petroleum (BP), 377–78, 380, 381
Brookings Institution, 348–49, 389
Brooks, Vince, 377, 381
Brownback, Sam, 311–12, 313, 315–17, 318
Brussels, 41
Buchpapai, Ukë, 49
Budapest, 157
Budina, Kestrina, 49, 50
Buea, 20–22, 29
Bugarcic, Bojan, 87, 90, 157
Bulgaria, 54, 94, 97, 180
“Bulldozer revolution,” 181
Burcevski, Mitko, 119, 163, 165, 167–68
Burgess, Jay, 49
Burma, 266, 276, 286
Burns, Bill, 294, 300, 309–10, 359–60
Burns, Nicholas, 118, 259
Bush, George H. W., 36, 55, 183
Bush, George W., 183, 197
departure from office of, 313
Hill supported by, 234–35, 237
Iraq war and, 272, 342–43, 398
and North Korea, 196, 237, 239, 253, 274–75, 276–77, 283, 286–89, 292
Powell and, 200, 202
Warsaw visit of, 185–87
Bush (G. W.) administration, 312, 355
first term of, 199, 203, 293
on multilateralism, 184
and North Korea, 37, 204, 205–6, 221, 237, 245, 248, 292–93, 347
and previous administrations, 188
as right-leaning, 189, 205, 237
second term of, 194, 196–97, 199
Butenis, Patricia, 319, 323, 326
Buzek, Jerzy, 186
Café USA, 190–91
Cairo, 370
Cambodia, 264–67, 317
Cambodian Center for Human Rights, 265
Cameroon, 20–23, 25–27, 251, 324, 331
Cameroon, Mount, 20, 22, 27, 29
Cameroon Development Cooperation, 27
Camp Lejeune, 306, 342
Camp Liberty, 333
Camp Union, 333
Camp Victory, 353
Canada, 72, 281
Carlson, Eric, 339, 377
Carnegie Foundation, 130
Carter, Jimmy, 35, 36, 106
Carter, Lillian, 35, 36
Carwile, John, 379
Casey, George, 345
Castro, Fidel, 63
Catholic Church, 41
Catholic Relief Services (CRS), 173
Central Command, U.S. (CENTCOM), 306, 386
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 180, 275
Cenzer, Matthew, 193
Cha, Victor, 229, 252–53, 256, 280
Chalabi, Ahmed, 373, 377
Chamberlain, Neville, 246
Chandrasekaran, Rajiv, 303
Charlottesville, Va., 37
“Che Guevara” (KLA fighter), 132–33, 407n
Cheney, Dick, 260
as neoconservative, 197, 235
on North Korea, 259, 274, 275–76, 277–78
Obama criticized by, 312–13
China, 204, 238, 263, 307
Eagleburger on, 37
importance of, 203
North Korea and, 269, 275, 289–90, 317
in Six Party Talks, 205–16, 218–22, 227–34, 236–37, 242, 246–47, 250, 251–53, 273, 287
Steinberg on, 360
targeting of Belgrade embassy of, 170, 408n
China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), 379
China-Soviet relations, 395–96
Chinese Foreign Ministry, 219, 222
Choi Son Hui, 216
Choi Sun Ai, 252–53, 260
Chopin Piano Competition, 181
Christman, Dan, 71–72
Christopher, Warren, 59, 60, 64–66, 76, 84, 110, 125, 399
Chun Doo-Hwan, 191, 286
Churchill, Winston, 84, 112
CIA, 15
Claire (assistant), 294
Clark, Helen, 271, 272
Clark, Wesley:
and Bosnia, 80, 85–86, 88, 106, 107
and Kosovo, 145, 152–53, 162, 164, 166–67, 170
Clinton, Bill, 269
Bosnia and, 81, 86, 113, 128–29
Hill sent to Poland by, 179
in Kosovo, 176, 180
in Macedonia, 178
in Poland, 183, 185
Clinton, Chelsea, 114
Clinton, Hillary:
in Bosnia, 113–14, 115
Hill sent to Iraq by, 294–95, 300–301, 310, 382, 388
on Iraq, 11, 335–36, 373, 376
Iraq visit of, 328–29, 331–32, 378, 410–11n
in Macedonia, 178
on North Korea, 291, 294–95
as Secretary of State, 11, 357, 361
Clinton administration, 188, 360
Agreed Framework with North Korea of, 205, 245, 292
breakup of Yugoslavia and, 52, 66
Holbrooke in, 112
Korea policy of, 245
on Kosovo, 125
CNN, 77, 86, 146, 150, 170, 172, 181, 287–88, 289, 297, 312, 370
Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA), 7
Cold War, 50, 51, 52, 57, 239–40, 270, 320
Commander’s Emergency Response Program (CERP), 6, 322
Commerce Department, U.S., 49
Committee for the Protection of Journalists, 110
Communists, Communism, 14, 15, 34, 43, 88, 183, 261, 321
Congress, U.S., 7, 43, 56, 65, 113, 200, 225, 269, 304, 312
see also Senate, U.S.
Contact Group, 68, 71, 72, 75, 83, 88, 91, 102, 104, 131, 148, 153–54, 155
Containerized Housing Units (CHUs), 334, 381
Copenhagen, 185
Corbin, Michael, 359
Council of Deputies, 378
counterinsurgency (COIN), 6, 343, 344, 345, 346–47, 353
Craddock, General, 164
Crawford, Tex., 273
Croatia, 35, 52–53, 57, 68, 91, 95, 151, 399
Croatian Serbs, 53, 57, 178
Cro
ats, 69, 70, 103, 159, 373
Bosnian, 68, 84, 106
Crocker, Ryan, 294, 295, 301, 304, 307, 316, 319, 336, 350, 382–83, 387
Cross, Tim, 169
Crow, Sheryl, 114, 115
Crowley, Chris, 336
Crvenkovski, Stevo, 97, 100–101
Cuba, 88, 224
Daily, Dell, 286
Damascus, 358, 359, 386
Dari, 339
Daum, 190
Davies, Glyn, 298, 317
Davis, Jen, 8, 10
Dawa party, 377
Dayton, Ohio, 104, 109–10, 127, 161, 197
Dayton Peace Accords, 84, 104, 109, 112, 113, 121, 123, 128, 130, 131, 148, 151, 152, 197, 207, 222, 237, 238, 395
Dela-Cruz, Derek, 9, 323–24, 388
Demaci, Adem, 153
de Mello, Sergio, 177–78
Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK), 124, 128, 135, 155
Denmark, 407n
Denver, University of, Korbel School of International Studies, 388, 400
Dervishi, Andi, 49
Desrocher, John, 379
DeTrani, Joe, 210, 229, 237
Dhi Qar Province, 1–3, 5, 7
Diaoyutai conference facility, 227–28, 232, 233, 238
Diem, Ed, 29–30
Diyala Province, 322
DJ (security officer), 341
Douala, 20, 30, 324
Drenica Valley, 125, 136, 137–38
Drew, Nelson, 80, 81
Dunn, Patrick, 379
Duvalier, François, 17
Dzerzhinsky, Felix, 44
Eagleburger, Lawrence S.:
as acting secretary of state, 45
as ambassador to Yugoslavia, 32–35, 39, 57, 317, 332
death of, 393
subsequent career of, 36–38
East Asian and Pacific Affairs Bureau (EAP):
Hill as assistant secretary of, 195–96, 202, 206, 212, 246, 302, 307
Hill as deputy director of, 53, 316, 342
East Timor, 263
Edelman, Eric, 197, 275
Egypt, 339, 370
Eichmann, Adolf, 106
El Alamein, 268
elections, U.S.:
of 2000, 183, 242
of 2004, 194
El Faw, 353
Embassy Baghdad Provincial Reconstruction Team, 8
ENI, 380
Erbil, 372, 387–88
Estonia, 52
European Bureau (EUR), 51, 53, 54, 60, 74, 119, 202
European Union (EU), 53, 69, 70, 129, 139, 182, 184
Exxon Mobil, 380
Facebook, 394
Fako Division, 20
Falls Church, Va., 81
Fallujah, 356
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 241, 243, 305
Federal Reserve Bank, U.S., 257
Feith, Doug, 197
Feltman, Jeff, 361
Fiasco (Ricks), 302
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