Six Minutes in May

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Six Minutes in May Page 60

by Nicholas Shakespeare


  Hoare, 316

  Hogg, 12, 291–2, 297, 300, 306–7

  Keyes, 266–70, 307

  Lindsay Memorandum, 90, 252–3, 280–82, 283

  Lloyd George, 236, 268, 272, 285–90, 293

  Macmillan, 262–3, 278–9, 298, 305

  Margesson, 281 288, 289, 295–7, 303, 304, 308–10

  Morrison, 281, 282–6, 316

  narrative of, 17–19

  Nicholson’s account, 259–60

  and Narvik, 33–4, 264, 282

  Page Croft, 265–6

  photographs of, 5–9, 11, 275

  Shinwell, 301

  Simon, 250

  Sinclair, 106, 148, 265

  vote of confidence, 21

  Watching Committee, 295–8

  Wedgwood, 266–8, 285

  Wood, 290, 305, 323, 354

  Notes on Forestry (Amery), 243

  ‘NP1’, 119–21, 128

  Nubian, HMS, 102

  Obama, Barack, 176

  Observer, 149, 235

  Olga, Princess of Yugoslavia, 289, 386

  Omdurman, battle of (1898), 105, 113, 291

  Operation ‘Avonmouth’, 56–8, 60, 63

  Operation ‘Gelb’, 48, 49–50, 52, 329, 375, 377, 379

  Operation ‘Hammer’, 99, 111–17, 221

  Operation ‘Henry’, 90

  Operation ‘Klaxon’, 141

  Operation ‘Maurice’, 99, 105, 109, 115, 118, 136, 142, 145–6, 150, 252, 281–3

  Operation ‘Royal Marine’, 61, 378, 390

  Operation ‘Rupert’, 87, 112, 118–19, 129

  Operation ‘Sickle’, 99, 108–9, 115, 118, 136, 138, 141, 150, 283

  Operation ‘Weserübung’, 49–53, 55, 77, 82

  Operation ‘Wilfred’, 30, 38–47, 52, 55, 58, 61–3, 71, 79–80, 121, 301

  Operation ‘Workshop’, 130

  Orion, RMS, 109

  Orwell, George, 106, 248

  Oslo, Norway, 31, 54, 66, 72, 145, 282

  Oster, Colonel Hans, 375

  Ottawa Evening Journal, 293

  Oxford, Margot, see Asquith, Margot, Countess of Oxford

  Page Croft, Brigadier General Sir Henry, 265–6

  Paget, Julian, 111

  Paget, Major General Bernard, 108–11, 115, 140, 253, 290

  Paling, Wilfred, 303

  Palmer, Roundell, Viscount Wolmer, 246

  Paris-Soir, 166

  Partridge, Frances, 25–6, 72, 142, 145, 149, 150, 176, 376

  Paul Jacobi, Z5, 105, 107

  Peake, Charles, 16, 196–7, 199, 208, 211–13, 250, 336, 339, 363–4, 364, 377

  Pen & Miller, 26

  Philip, Terence, 228

  Phillips, Vice Admiral Tom, 64

  Phoney War, 25, 27, 30, 46, 66, 72–3

  Pickthorn, Kenneth, 316

  Plan for Action, A, (Amery), 270

  Portal, Air Marshal Charles, 290

  Pound, Admiral Sir Dudley, 39, 58, 63, 74, 80–1, 87, 115–16, 132–3, 207

  Powell, Anthony, 91

  Pownall, General Henry, 112–13, 117, 124, 127, 220

  Prien, Günther. 128–9

  Prike, Harry, 143

  Primrose, Archibald, 5th Earl of Rosebery, 336

  Profumo, John, 296, 306, 316

  Put Out More Flags (Waugh), 81, 111, 168

  Quisling, Vidkun, 48–50, 68

  ‘R.4’ forces, 63, 66, 80–81, 119

  Raeder, Admiral Erich, 47–8, 50–51, 143

  Rathbone, Eleanor, 286

  Rauschning, Dr Hermann, 53, 145

  Ravenhill, Commander R. W., 102

  Reform Club, London, 244, 246, 248, 371–2, 388

  Reith, Sir John, 10, 113, 149, 184, 245, 252, 291, 310, 354, 380–82, 401

  Renown, HMS, 69

  Resolution, HMS, 231

  Reuters, 180

  Reynaud, Paul, 54, 58, 60–61, 67, 90, 212, 379

  Reynolds, David, 13, 363

  Rhondda, Lady, see Mackworth, Margaret, 2nd Viscountess Rhondda

  Rickatson-Hatt, Bernard, 180

  Ritchie, Charles, 283, 287

  Roberts, Andrew, 182, 211, 212–13, 272, 292, 321

  Rodger, Nicholas, 128

  Romilly, Colonel Bertram, 34–5, 37, 86, 218–19, 232, 290, 350, 359–60, 368, 406

  Romilly, Esmond, 34–7, 359

  Romilly, Giles, 17, 27–37, 27, 69–71, 74, 86–7, 124, 127, 151, 218–20, 228, 359, 406

  Romilly, Mary, 29, 35–6

  Romilly, Nellie, 34–7, 182, 218–20, 232

  Rommel, General Erwin, 376

  Roosevelt, Franklin D., 43, 221, 330, 395

  Rootham, Jasper, 182, 222

  Rosebery, Lord, see Primrose, Archibald, 5th Earl of Rosebery

  Rosenberg, Alfred, 50

  Roskill, Stephen, 79

  Rosyth, Scotland, 63, 66, 80, 82, 106, 108–9, 123

  Rothermere, Lord, see Harmsworth, Harold, 1st Viscount Rothermere

  Rowse, A. L., 193, 329, 345, 358

  Royal Air Force, 111

  Royal Flying Corps, 6

  Royal Hotel, Narvik, 27–9, 31–2

  Royal Navy, 39, 42, 63, 68–9

  Royal Oak, HMS, 128

  Rucker, Sir Arthur, 41, 305, 362, 374

  Ruge, Major General Otto, 86, 89, 109

  ‘Rupert Force’, 87, 112, 118–19, 129

  Ruskin, John, 86, 89

  Russell, Stuart, 305

  Rutlandshire, HMS, 100, 101–2

  Salisbury, Lord, see Gascoyne-Cecil, James, 4th Marquess of Salisbury

  Sankey, John, 1st Viscount Sankey, 377, 391

  Sargent, Sir Orme, 84

  Sas, Colonel Gijsbertus ‘Bert’, 375

  Schmidt, Paul, 367

  Scoop (Waugh), 354

  Seal, Eric, 74

  See Strategie des Weltkrieges, Die, (Wegener), 53

  Sesame and Lilies (Ruskin), 86

  Sett, The (Fleming), 404

  Sewell, J. E., 278

  Shakespeare, Geoffrey, 19–20, 20

  Altmark incident, 46, 113

  Churchill, relationship with, 19–20, 55, 61, 78, 113, 126, 221, 226–8

  coalition government, formation of, 389, 400

  on Halifax, 198

  Lloyd George, relationship with, 19–20, 227, 235, 238, 287

  Munich Agreement (1938), 166

  Norway Campaign, 78, 126, 226–8

  Operation ‘Wilfred’, 55, 61

  Simon, relationship with, 261

  and whisky, 20, 221

  Shinwell, Emanuel, 184, 301, 319

  Shirer, William, 54, 143

  ‘Sickle Force’, 99, 108–9, 115, 118, 136, 138, 141, 150, 283

  Simla, India, 202–3

  Simon, Sir John, 370

  on Chamberlain, 186

  on Churchill, 113, 116, 186, 219–20

  coalition government, formation of, 383–4, 400

  division and aftermath, 10, 305, 310, 316, 317, 323, 333, 340, 342, 346, 357–9

  on Halifax, 186

  on Nazi Germany, 68

  Norway Campaign, 116, 219–20

  Norway Debate, 9, 250, 261, 265, 284–5, 298, 379

  on Operation ‘Gelb’, 379

  War Cabinet, 39, 40

  Simpson, Wallis, 211, 213

  Sinclair, Sir Archibald, 182–3

  Chamberlain, relationship with, 58, 182–3

  Churchill, relationship with, 182

  coalition government, formation of, 371, 380, 382, 400

  division and aftermath, 318, 326, 348

  Norway Campaign, 106

  Norway Debate, 148, 265, 292

  surveillance of, 182

  Smith, Ronald, 143

  Smuts, Jan, 244, 247, 278

  Snell, Henry, 1st Baron Snell, 291

  Somali, HMS, 94, 96

  South Africa, 244

  Southampton, HMS, 119, 121

  Spears, Major General Sir Edward Louis

  on Amery, 242, 274

  on Churchill, 218
/>   division and aftermath, 305, 306, 308, 327

  and ‘Glamour Boys’, 244

  ‘missed the bus’ comment, 60

  Norway Campaign, 14, 218

  Norway Debate, 282, 295, 299

  on Operation ‘Weserübung’, 67, 68, 145

  Spectator, 123

  Spender, Stephen, 35

  Spens, Sir Patrick, 343

  Stalin, Joseph, 9

  Stamp, Josiah, 1st Baron, 333

  Stanley, Edward, 17th Earl of Derby, 334–6

  Stanley, Oliver, 10, 39, 64, 220, 252, 377, 401

  Stanley, Venetia, 200, 210

  Stanning, George, 94

  Star, 279

  Stavanger, Norway, 32, 39, 54, 63, 80–81, 110

  Steinkjer, Norway, 100, 102, 103–5, 133–4, 137, 139–40, 150, 269, 352

  Steinkjer Memorial 405, 405

  Stevenson, Frances, 236, 286

  Stockholm, Sweden, 54, 86

  Stopes, Marie, 10

  Stopford, General Frederick, 125

  Stow, Anne, 168

  Stowe, Leland, 31–2, 68, 105, 107, 138, 150–51, 153

  Strauss, George, 248

  Stuart, James, 1st Viscount Stuart of Findhorn, 12

  Studie Nord, 49

  Sunday Despatch, 72

  Sunday Express, 166, 244

  Sunday Pictorial, 177

  Sweden, 53–4, 57

  Sudan, 35, 105, 113, 226, 291, 360

  Swinton, Lord, see Cunliffe-Lister, Philip, 1st Earl of Swinton

  Sylvester, Albert James

  on Churchill, 183

  coalition government, formation of, 321, 402–3, 409

  Lloyd George, relationship with, 235–6, 251

  Norway Campaign, 113, 125, 148–9

  Norway Debate, 262, 286, 288

  on Operation ‘Weserübung’, 69

  Taylor, A. J. P., 5

  Taylor, Vice Admiral Ernest, 266

  Temps, Le, 60

  Thatcher, Margaret, 274

  Thomas, Jim 306–7

  Thompson, Laurence, 253, 276

  Thompson, Walter, 222–3, 397

  Thue, Oberst, 110

  Times, The, 72, 91–2, 141, 146, 173, 190, 191, 192–3, 219, 234, 252–3, 281, 329, 346, 348

  Times History of the South African War (Amery), 240

  Tolleshunt D’Arcy, Essex 72, 149, 152

  Torpedo Crisis, 128–9

  Tree, Ronald, 47, 74, 148, 180–81, 244

  Trenchard, Hugh, 1st Viscount Trenchard, 194

  Trondheim, Norway, 32, 44, 63, 66, 70–72, 75, 81, 83–9, 137, 230, 267–9

  and Keyes, 130–34, 136, 222, 307

  Operation ‘Hammer’, 99–100, 103, 107–9, 111–17, 118, 123

  Truth magazine, 181, 249

  Tweed, Captain Reggie, 104–5

  U47, 128

  United States of America, 43, 145, 151, 196, 218, 221, 330, 377, 395

  Vägsfjord, Harstad, 119

  van Grouw, Hein, 164

  Vansittart, Robert, 53, 180

  Vanya, Ivan, 407

  Vaughan Williams, Ralph, 176

  Vereker, John, 6th Viscount Gort, 124

  Vestfjorden, Norway, 30–31, 38, 79, 86–7, 128

  Vian, Captain Philip, 96, 142

  Victoria, queen of Great Britain and Ireland, 334

  Vindictive, 127

  Vist, Norway, 104–5

  von Falkenhorst, General Nikolaus, 32, 33, 50–52, 55, 62, 108, 143

  von Ribbentrop, Joachim, 49, 66, 165, 367

  Walker-Smith, Derek, 158, 176, 189, 262, 353

  Wallace, Euan, 72, 277, 304, 310, 318, 369, 379–80, 383

  Warburton-Lee, Captain Bernard, 64, 71, 85, 128

  Ward Price, George, 212

  Warspite, HMS, 86, 128

  Watching Committee, 194–5, 237, 247, 253–4, 295–6, 298

  Watson, Edith, 41

  Waugh, Evelyn, 81, 93, 95, 111, 127, 144, 150, 354

  Wavell, Field Marshal Archibald, 242

  Webb, Maurice, 281

  Wedgwood, Josiah, 218, 266–8, 285, 309–10

  Wegener, Admiral Wolfgang, 53

  Weld-Forester, Cecil, 7th Baron Weld-Forester, 296

  Welles, Sumner, 180

  Werstad, Torlaug, 104, 404, 405

  Wesermünde, Germany, 31, 52

  Western Offensive, 27

  Wheeler-Bennett, Jack, 395

  Whistler, Rex, 224

  Whitsun Adjournment Debate, 233

  Whitworth, Admiral William ‘Jock’, 69, 71, 85–8, 118, 120, 125–6, 128

  Wilhelm Heidkamp, 28

  Wilkinson, Ellen, 144, 169, 342

  Williams, Francis, 336

  Williams, Herbert, 296–8, 344, 358

  Wilson, Harold, 249, 389

  Wilson, Sir Horace, 40, 179, 288, 298, 345, 356, 381–3, 385, 388–9, 402, 410

  Winn, Godfrey, 166

  Wise, Roy, 307, 380

  Wolmer, Lord, see Palmer, Roundell, Viscount Wolmer

  Wood, Dorothy, Countess of Halifax, 12, 14, 135, 190–1, 214, 322, 325

  Wood, Edward, 1st Earl of Halifax, 190–216

  Altmark incident, 45–7

  appearance, 196

  biographies, 9, 17

  Chamberlain, relationship with, 14, 169, 185, 186, 277, 409–10

  Churchill, candidacy of, 320

  coalition government, formation of, 16, 361–9, 371–4, 377, 379, 385–98, 403

  crisis of 1931, 241

  death (1959), 403

  dentistry, 391–2

  Dorchester, residence at, 205–6, 269

  fishing, 196

  Garrowby Hall, Yorkshire, 191–3

  and ghosts, 191, 213, 325, 394

  grouse shooting, 91

  Hankey’s letter on ‘Weserübung’, 54

  horse riding, 196

  on House of Commons, judgement of, 8

  hunting, 192, 335

  at Little Compton, Gloucestershire, 190–91, 200, 213–16, 325, 368

  Metcalfe, ‘Baba’, relationship with, 16, 18, 190–216, 280, 325–6, 331, 335–8, 368, 403–4

  Munich Agreement (1938), 166

  Nazi Germany, relations with, 14, 190, 192, 203–4

  Norway Campaign, 75, 84–6, 110, 112, 116, 135, 193, 222

  Norway Debate, 8, 9, 10, 11, 261, 265, 269, 280, 291, 292

  Norwegian frontier mistake, 67

  and Operation ‘Gelb’, 377–8, 384

  Operation ‘Wilfred’, 39–40, 43, 44, 47, 57–9, 64, 79–80

  personal attributes, 195–9

  premiership, candidacy for, 10, 11, 18, 177, 192–3, 240, 249–50, 305, 321–9, 331–40, 344–59

  pronunciation, 151, 197

  and Reform club, 244, 245

  religiosity, 198, 325

  Royal family, relations with, 198, 395, 397

  and telephones, 191–2, 193

  treason, Churchill’s accusation of, 222, 364

  and Trondheim, 84–6, 112, 116

  as Viceroy of India, 152, 192, 197, 200, 202, 204, 214, 323

  and Watching Committee, 193–5

  and weekend parties, 191–2

  Wood, Sir Kingsley, 113, 205, 244, 290, 305, 323, 325, 340, 353–6, 366, 384–5, 400

  Wood, Richard, Baron Holderness, 211

  Wood, Sir Kingsley, 9–10, 39

  Woolf, Virginia, 158

  Woolton, Lord, see Marquis, Frederick, Lord Woolton

  World At War, 253

  World Crisis, The (Churchill), 13

  Worsley, T. C., 36

  Yeats, W. B., 370

  York, HMS, 103, 142, 146–7, 252

  Zeebrugge Raid (1918), 130–32

  Ziegler, Philip, 9, 13, 14–15, 404

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  3: Operation ‘Wilfred’

  fn1 His Air Intelligence was weak. There was scarcely one bomber in the Luftwaffe capable of reaching London from Mannheim, over 500 miles away. The real air threat did not develop until after the fall of France.

  fn2 Eden wrote in his diary that it was less a reshuffle than ‘a game of musical chairs’. Wood and Hoare swapped Ministries, prompting Peter Fleming to ask: ‘Why take the trouble to change places when it would have been simpler just to change names?’

  4: The First Crunch

  fn1 The War Cabinet did not know much about Norway. On 3 January, Leslie Hore-Belisha had asked ‘if Bergen was the capital’. General Ironside still viewed the country through the prism of his memories with the Allied Expedition to Archangel in 1918. He assured Chamberlain’s wife that you could hear the Aurora Borealis ‘crackling in the forests’, and ‘you seemed literally to see the flowers growing’. Halifax mistook a railway line for the Norwegian frontier; while Churchill invested the Norwegians with the fierce military characteristics of their Viking forebears, about whom he had recently been writing – ‘beyond all challenge the most formidable and daring race in the world’. He was dumbfounded when, in Halifax’s words, they ‘totally failed to blow up any railway line or obstruct the German advance anywhere’.

  6: Flea and Louse

  fn1 On the mainland. On 9 April at 4 p.m., Lieutenant George Stanning and torpedo officer George Heppel had visited the pilot station at Tranøy to seek information on German forces in Narvik.

 

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