Wal-Mart’s annual income is nearly equal to that of Russia.
BARRINGER METEOR CRATER, ARIZONA
Located in the middle of the desert, this crater is important because it was the first one on Earth positively identified as the result of a falling meteor. The meteorite that made the crater was about 150 feet in diameter, weighed about 300,000 tons, and was traveling at a speed of 40,000 mph when it landed. The crater is three quarters of a mile wide and was named for D. M. Barringer, the mining engineer who correctly identified it. He also believed that the actual meteorite was still lodged below the Earth’s surface and could be mined for its iron content. (He died before studies revealed that it had vaporized on impact.) Scientists say a meteor of this size can be expected to hit the Earth every 50,000 years. Since this one fell to Earth about 49,000 years ago, we could be due for another one soon.
METEOR FACTS
• So far 150 impact craters have been identified on the Earth’s surface.
• Oldest crater on Earth: Vredefort Crater in South Africa. It’s two billion years old.
• Meteors the size of a basketball hit Earth once a month.
• More than 25,000 meteors bigger than 3.5 ounces hit every year.
• Meteors as large as the one that hit Tunguska impact the Earth every 100 years or so. Bigger explosions, the size of the largest H-bombs, take place about once every 1,000 years.
• Terminology: in space it’s a meteor; on the ground, it’s a meteorite.
• A large meteorite is always cold to the touch. The outer layers are burned off from its trip through the atmosphere; the inner layers retain the cold of deep space.
• Preview of the big one? In 1994 the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 slammed into the atmosphere of Jupiter, generating an explosion the equivalent of 300 trillion tons of TNT. The comet was estimated to be three miles in diameter; the hole it made was larger than Earth. If it had hit our planet instead of Jupiter…well, you do the math.
An American billion is called a milliard in Britain.
NAME THAT VOICE
You hear these voices all the time—on TV, at the movies, on your computer, even on the telephone. But you probably don’t know anything about the people behind them.
DON PARDO
Born Dominick Pardo in 1918 in Westfield, Massachusetts, his voice-over career began on NBC Radio in 1944, and he’s been working for the network ever since. He moved to NBC-TV in 1950 and over the next 25 years was the announcer for some of the most popular game shows. He was the first to say, “It can be yours…if the price is right!” and worked an 11-year stint on the original Jeopardy! Pardo was also the first person to tell the nation that President Kennedy had been shot, reading the bulletin at 1:32 p.m. on November 22, 1963.
In 1975 Lorne Michaels was putting together Saturday Night Live and asked NBC if he could use Pardo to announce the show. He thought a trusted and familiar voice would add credibility to a show that was going to feature otherwise unknown talent. NBC agreed, Pardo took the job, and he’s still there, having worked more years on SNL than anyone else…including Lorne Michaels. Now in his 80s, Pardo has slowed down somewhat (when he’s not up to doing the opening, SNL cast member Darrell Hammond pitches in by impersonating Pardo’s voice), but he still works as often as he wants. Pardo is one of only two people who have been given a lifetime contract by NBC; the other was Bob Hope.
ELWOOD EDWARDS
Edwards was a professional voice-over man in the 1980s, working mostly in local Ohio markets. In 1987 he was in one of cyberspace’s first-ever chat rooms and met a woman with whom he began a correspondence. The two soon fell in love and got married. Edwards’s new bride just happened to work at a company called Quantum Computer Services. In 1989 she overheard her boss saying that he wanted to add a human voice to their new e-mail software. She suggested her husband for the job, so they had him make a tape. From his living room, Edwards recorded a few phrases: “Welcome,” “You’ve got mail,” “File’s done,” and “Good-bye.” Shortly after, the company changed its name to America Online. For the past 15 years, millions of people a day have been greeted by Edwards’s voice on AOL.
Greenland hosts the World Ice Golf Championships. Hazards include ice floes (and frostbite).
DON LAFONTAINE
Don LaFontaine has lent his deep, throaty voice to more than 4,000 movie trailers over the past 40 years—in fact, he single-handedly invented the modern movie trailer. Before LaFontaine came along, movie trailers were quickly thrown together by the film’s editors as more of an afterthought than a solid marketing tool, and they came after the feature (hence the term “trailer”). In 1962 LaFontaine was working as a recording engineer in New York when he was given the task of creating some promotional spots for the movie Dr. Strangelove. He enjoyed the process, and his boss, Floyd Peterson, liked the result. So the two men formed a company whose sole purpose was to create movie trailers. Most of the now-cliché phrases (“In a world where…” and “Nowhere to run. Nowhere to hide. And no way out…”) were written by LaFontaine. Although he no longer writes the copy, he still records several trailers a week and jokes that when friends ask him to recommend a movie, he describes it as “the white-knuckle rollercoaster ride of the summer,” or as “a very special motion picture that speaks to the soul of every man and every woman who’s ever been in love.”
BILLY WEST
As a child, West’s hero was Mel Blanc, the man behind dozens of cartoon voices. He spent hours trying to imitate all of Blanc’s characters and discovered that he had a natural talent. He tried a career as a stand-up comic but gave it up in 1978 and dedicated himself full-time to creating cartoon voices. It took West a decade in the business before he landed his first big role as Cecil on the 1988 cartoon Beany and Cecil. Cartoonist John Kricfalusi directed it and thought West would be perfect for the voice of a dim-witted cat he was creating. West took the job and eventually voiced both main characters on the cult Nickelodeon cartoon The Ren & Stimpy Show. From there, he landed one great role after another, voicing some of the most popular characters of our time: Bugs Bunny (originally done by Mel Blanc) and Elmer Fudd in the feature film Space Jam; George Jetson for a Radio Shack advertising campaign; the red M&M on the M&M commercials; and several main characters on Fox’s Futurama, including Fry, Professor Farnsworth, Doctor Zoidberg, and Captain Zapp Brannigan.
Elwood Edwards’s AOL greeting is heard 18,000 times a minute.
JANE BARBE
Very few people who knew Jane Barbe had any idea how famous she was. Her normal speaking voice had a friendly Southern drawl, quite different from the way she spoke to over 20 million people a day: “Your call cannot be completed as dialed. Please check the number and dial again.” Or, “At the tone, the time will be…”
The one-time professional singer (she once toured with the Buddy Morrow Orchestra) began making telephone announcements in the mid-1960s for an Atlanta, Georgia, phone company. Over the next 40 years she recorded automated messages for phone companies, hotel chains, corporations, and cell phone voice mails. Barbe passed away in 2003 at age 74, but her voice lives on—even if it sometimes isn’t hers. Most new voice-mail systems hire women who sound like Barbe to record their menu options.
DON MESSICK
Messick was an out-of-work ventriloquist in the late 1940s when he got his start at MGM. One day, the regular voice actor for the cartoon character Droopy Dog wasn’t available, and neither was another voice actor, Daws Butler. Butler recommended his friend Don Messick to the director, and Messick did so well in the role that he eventually took it over. In 1957, when Hanna-Barbera broke off from MGM and started their own company, Messick and Butler went with them as the two main voice talents. Butler got the lead parts such as Yogi Bear or Huckleberry Hound, while Messick was relegated to mostly sound effects, supporting roles such as Boo-Boo Bear or Ranger Smith, and narration for all the old Hanna-Barbera cartoons.
His most famous role came in 1969 when he was asked to create a voi
ce for a scaredy-cat dog named Scooby-Doo. “I had to come up with what I call ‘growl talk,’” he later recalled. Messick played Scooby until his death in 1997. Other characters he voiced along the way: Scrappy-Doo, Astro the Dog, Bamm-Bamm Rubble, Papa Smurf, and Hamton J. Pig from Tiny Toon Adventures.
Q: Where do you keep your vibrissae? A: In your nose (they’re nose hairs).
GO, GRANNY, GO!
The good, the bad, and the grandma.
TAKE MY WHAT?
In June 2005 91-year-old Katherine Woodworth was walking through the parking lot of a Toledo, Ohio, department store when a young man approached her. “I didn’t have my hearing aid in,” she told reporters later, “and I thought he said he was going to take my pulse, and I said, ‘No, you’re not.’” Woodworth proceeded to whack the would-be robber with her purse and continued hitting him until he finally ran to a car and sped off. Another shopper got the license plate number and a short time later, 20-year-old Matthew Spradlin was arrested. The arresting officer, Sgt. Tim Hanus said he was surprised (and amused). Woodworth was too. “I’ll be 92 in August,” she said, “and I guess I’ve got more nerve now than when I was younger.”
WALK SOFTLY, AND CARRY A BIG SHOVEL
One April day, 90-year-old Mildred Luce looked out her window to a horrifying scene: a bobcat had the head of her cat, Smudge, in its mouth. Luce, who lives alone in northern Maine, ran out the door, grabbed a snow shovel, and clamped it down on the bobcat’s neck. But it wouldn’t let go of her cat. So, what did she do? “I took hold of its head with my hand and pulled on its tail—and Smudge popped out.” The kitty immediately bolted into the house…and the bobcat ran in after her. Luckily, it became confused, and Luce (with a neighbor’s help) was able to lock it in the bathroom, where it was later snared by police. Asked what it felt like to grab a bobcat by the tail, Luce told reporters, “I had no fear of it. I was just interested in saving Smudge.”
KEEP-A-GOIN’
Eighty-year-old Marian Foulkes of Melbourne, Australia, wanted to renew her driver’s license but was denied. Her husband, Tom, also in his 80s, had already lost his license, and they were angry. So they got in their car and hit the road. Over the next two weeks the unlicensed duo evaded police on a 1,400-mile joy ride from southern to northern Australia and halfway back again. At that point they were stopped by a policeman and had their keys taken away…so they got on a bus and continued the trip. A few days later, they were finally located in a hotel in Canberra. The couple’s son, Paul, told Reuters that his parents were afraid of losing their freedom. “The desire to be independent, it’s the human spirit isn’t it? They said they had had a good time—they called it a holiday.”
A raw steak is about 75% water.
SHE’S STILL SHARP(SHOOTER)
Janet Grammer is a great-great-grandmother…and a pretty good shot. In April 2005 she was working in a convenience store in Jacksonville, Florida, when a man walked in, fired two shots at the back wall, and demanded money. Instead of giving him the cash, she grabbed a pistol from under the counter and shot the thief in the chest. He fell to the ground, then got up and ran out of the store. Police later arrested him (he’d checked into a hospital). The mother of 10, grandmother of 32, great-grandmother of three, and great-great-grandmother of three wasn’t happy about shooting the man. “All I could think about was his poor parents,” she told police.
DO THE BUMP
A 77-year-old German woman was standing at a street corner in Dresden waiting for the light to change when a man walked by, bumped her with his backpack, and continued walking across the street. That ticked her off. She yelled at the man and ran after him, then grabbed him by the hair and tackled him. A passerby called the police, and the woman sat on the man until they arrived. The judge ignored the assault…and fined the man for jaywalking.
UH-OH, IT’S SNEAKY GRANNY
Florida resident Margaret Anderson was arrested at Fort Lauderdale Airport in November 2004 because of a “book” she had in her tote bag. It was actually a gun case with a pistol and seven bullets nestled inside. Anderson claimed that she had forgotten the cleverly hidden single-shot Colt derringer was there. Freed on $1,000 bond, the 79-year-old faced felony charges that could put her in jail for five years. “I’m awful sorry,” she said when released, “I wouldn’t harm a soul.”
The 1900 Paris Olympics included events in billiards, checkers, and fishing.
WARNING LABELS
Some things in life should go without saying, but it seems there’s always somebody who needs to be told not to eat a mattress.
On a can of insect spray:
“Harmful to bees.”
On a life-saving device:
“This is not a life-saving device.”
On children’s cough syrup:
“Do not drive car or operate machinery.”
On a motorcycle mirror:
“Objects in the mirror are actually behind you.”
On garden furniture:
“Keep away from damp and sunlight.”
On a box of sleeping pills:
“May cause drowsiness.”
On a milk bottle:
“After opening, keep upright.”
On a bag of peanuts:
“This product contains nuts.”
On a water heater:
“If building in which heater resides is on fire, do not go into building.”
On a mattress:
“Do not attempt to swallow.”
On a TV remote control:
“Not dishwasher safe.”
On a garden hose:
“May cause cancer in California.”
On an iron:
“Never iron clothes on the body.”
On a graduation gown:
“Do not wash or dry clean.”
On a video game console:
“Do not attempt to stick head inside deck, which may result in injury.”
On a bottle of aspirin:
“Do not take if allergic to aspirin.”
On a chainsaw:
“Do not attempt to stop chain with hands or genitals.”
On a birthday card:
“Not suitable for children aged 36 months or less.”
On a wristwatch:
“This is not underwear. Do not put in pants.”
On a hammer:
“Do not use to strike any solid object.”
On a curling iron:
“For external use only.”
Winston Churchill once designed greeting cards for Hallmark.
BRAND NAMES
We all know these businesses—many are a part of our everyday lives. Here’s where their names came from?
IKEA
Even when he was a kid growing up in Agunnaryd, Sweden, in the 1930s, Ingvar Kamprad had a head for business. He started out buying matches in bulk in Stockholm and selling them at a profit back in Agunnaryd. With the money he made, he expanded into pencils, pens, flower seeds, and anything else he thought his neighbors might want to buy. By the time he was 17, he was ready to give his business a name. He added his own initials (I.K.) to the first letter of the farm he grew up on (Elmtaryd), and the first letter of the village of Agunnaryd. In 1947 Kamprad added furniture to his product line; it sold so well that he stopped selling anything else. Today he has 200 stores in 32 countries around the world and sells more than $15 billion worth of furniture a year.
BLUE CROSS & BLUE SHIELD
As late as the 1920s, the American health-care system was organized on a pay-as-you-go basis: If you got sick, you had hospital bills. If you didn’t get sick, you didn’t. Then in 1929 former Dallas school superintendent Justin Kimball was hired to run Baylor University’s school of medicine in Dallas. One of his first challenges: a stack of unpaid hospital bills from former schoolteachers, who were poorly paid and couldn’t afford medical care.
Kimball knew that hazardous industries like mining, logging, and railroads paid for medical care in advance by paying doctors a regular mont
hly fee for their services. He decided to develop the same kind of plan for workers in a non-hazardous profession. In exchange for a monthly payment of 50 cents, the 1,300 teachers in the Dallas school system could receive up to 21 days of hospitalization per year at Baylor’s hospital. Bonus: the system improved the overall quality of medical care by guaranteeing hospitals a regular stream of income, instead of one that dried up whenever the economy tanked and people couldn’t afford to go to the doctor.
The idea was copied all over the country, and in 1934 a Minnesota organization wanted to come up with a logo that symbolized their emphasis on helping people, kind of like the American Red Cross. How about a blue cross? Five years later a Buffalo, New York, health-care provider adopted a blue shield as their symbol. (Blue Cross and Blue Shield merged in 1982.)
When frozen, red blood cells can last up to 10 years.
STAPLES
In the summer of 1985 a supermarket executive named Tom Stemberg lost his job and had to look for a new one. He spent the July 4th weekend writing up a business plan…and then his typewriter ribbon broke. He was stuck—it was a holiday weekend, and the local stationery store was closed. The experience caused him to scrap his original business plan and write one for an entirely new kind of business: a supermarket that sold office supplies and nothing else. Instead of going to small stationers with limited inventory and high prices, his customers could grab a shopping cart and wander aisles crammed with affordably priced office supplies. Stemberg wanted a simple name for his stores, and he decided to name it after one of the simplest office supplies of all—the staple.
Uncle John’s Fast-Acting Long-Lasting Bathroom Reader Page 9