A Brief History of Life in Victorian Britain

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A Brief History of Life in Victorian Britain Page 36

by Michael Paterson


  bowler hats 231–2

  Box Tunnel, Bath 120

  Boyd, Dr A. K. H. 178–80

  bread 53, 55, 67

  Brighton 123–4, 145, 247–8, 250, 251

  British Army 297, 305, 309–11, 312–13

  and East India Company 321

  officers and gentlemen 324–8

  recruitment 328, 340–1

  sale of commissions 312, 319

  uniforms 17, 315, 318–19, 323–4

  volunteers 340–1

  see also specific conflicts

  British Empire see British Army; Royal Navy; specific conflicts; entries beginning colonial

  Brontë, Charlotte 17

  Brougham, Lord 258

  Brown, John 23

  Brunel, Isambard Kingdom 116–17, 119, 126–8, 230

  Bryant and May’s match factory strike 42

  Brydon, Dr William 311

  Buckingham Palace 10, 75, 97

  Buller, General Sir Redvers 325–6, 334, 335

  Burges, William 80

  Burnaby, Fred 124, 286

  Burne-Jones, Edward 105–6

  bustles 217–18

  Butterfield, William 81

  Buxton, Edith 187–8

  Cambridge University 18, 143–4, 191–2, 269

  see also Oxford and Cambridge

  Campbell, Colin 229, 325–6

  Canada 56, 254, 255, 263

  canning industry 57

  Cardigan, Earl of 312

  Carey, William 191

  Carlyle, Thomas 4, 291

  cars 151–4

  Catholicism 163, 165–6

  conversion (Tractarianism) 158–9, 160, 165, 192

  Roman Catholic Church 79–80, 169, 170

  Cawnpore 321

  chamber-pots 96

  Chamberlain, Joseph 23

  chaperones 206–8

  charity/philanthropy 35–6, 46–8, 59–60, 156, 160, 165, 167–8

  Charlotte, Princess 2, 4

  Chartist demonstrations (1848) 13, 73

  cheese 195

  ‘cheese-cutter’ caps 229–30

  Chelmsford, Lord 328

  child criminals 50–1

  child labour 38–40

  childbirth anaesthesia 18

  children, street 47–8, 49

  China

  Inland Mission 191–2

  opium wars 307

  chokers 217

  cholera epidemics 35, 162, 165–6

  Christian values 164–5

  Christmas trees 15

  church architecture 79–80, 161, 169–70

  church attendance 172–3

  church music 179–80, 185–6

  Churchill, Winston xxii, 229, 326–7

  chutney 64

  Circle Line (underground railway) 141–2

  civil unrest 35, 51, 73, 161, 164

  Classical/Italianate style 71, 74–6, 77, 83, 88, 99, 120

  clerks 224–5, 226–7, 231–2, 234–9, 240, 241

  lady 242–5

  clippers 129–30

  clothes

  child labour 39–40

  cyclists 148–51

  former female servants 40–1

  hooligans 50

  men 223–8, 249–50, 251

  military uniforms 17, 315, 318–19, 323–4

  Queen Victoria

  knitting for soldiers 19, 30

  as ‘Widow of Windsor’ 21

  Royal Family 16

  seaside 249–51

  selling of street children’s 49

  as symbol 195–6

  women 215–18, 249–50

  coach travel 111–14, 115, 131

  coaching clubs 115

  coaching inns 113, 114–15

  coastal resorts 124

  see also Brighton

  coffee stalls 66–7

  Coke, William 232

  colonial troops 310–11, 329

  colonial wars 323

  colonialism 300

  attitudes to subjects 29, 299

  guardians of Empire 305–6

  leading nation 302–5

  worldwide network 301–2

  colour 91–2, 106, 224–5, 226, 227

  commodes/‘night tables’ 96

  commuting to work 131, 233–4

  concentration camps, South Africa 335–6

  confidence, age of 296–8, 301, 302

  conformity 194–5

  Conroy, Sir John 3

  conservatories 93–4

  Cook, Thomas 111, 259–60, 261, 262–3

  cookery books 58–60, 64, 69

  Coubertin, Charles, Baron de 277

  counting houses 234–40

  see also clerks

  countryside recreation 254–5

  courting 206–9

  language of the fan 211–12

  opportunities of foreign travel 261–2

  Crichton-Stuart, John Patrick, Marquess of Bute 192

  cricket 264–5, 267–8, 272, 276

  crime 48–51, 73, 293

  Crimean War 311, 312–19

  ‘cheese-cutter’ caps 229

  commemoration 162

  painting 281

  public mistrust of Prince Albert 9, 20

  Queen Victoria as symbolic leader 19

  whiskers 233

  crinolines 216–17, 224

  croquet 273–4

  Cruikshank, George 308

  Crystal Palace 123, 139, 162, 251

  see also Great Exhibition (1851)

  Cubbitt, Sir Thomas 11

  Cugnot, Nicolas 151–2

  cultural tourism 253–5

  curries 63–4

  frozen 69

  Cutty Sark (clipper) 130

  cycling schools 144, 146–7

  Cyclists’ Touring Club (CTC) 148–9

  Daily Mail 284–5

  Daily Telegraph 31

  Darwin, Charles 193

  Diamond Jubilee xxii–xiii, xv-xvi, 23, 29, 231, 299, 329, 339

  Dibdin, Charles 308

  Dickens, Charles 49, 185, 225, 230–1, 232–3, 234, 241

  Little Dorrit 171

  London home of 87–8

  Oliver Twist 37

  Our Mutual Friend 101

  Pickwick Papers 182, 230, 287, 289

  and Queen Victoria 6, 14

  Sketches by Boz 167–8, 173–4, 238

  diet see food

  Dilke, Sir Charles 22, 23

  Dion-Bouton (steam car) 152

  diseases

  cholera epidemics 35, 162, 165–6

  overeating 60

  typhoid 20, 22, 97

  vitamin deficiency 53

  Disraeli, Benjamin 8, 24–5, 160, 192, 262, 304

  dock labourers 43, 44

  Drais, Baron von 143

  du Maurier, George 288

  ‘dundrearies’ 233

  Dunlap, James 41

  earning a living

  gentlemen 233–40

  women 40–4, 242–5

  ‘earth closets’ 97

  East India Company 63, 235, 307, 320, 321

  Eastlake, Charles 72

  Edis, Robert 72

  education

  colonial 299

  military 319, 320

  of street children 47–8

  Education Act (1870) xvii, 278

  Edward, Prince (Duke of Kent) 2–3, 19

  Egypt

  and Sudan 329–30, 331–2

  Tel-el-Kebir crisis (1882) 28, 324, 329

  tours 261–2

  electric cars 153

  electric telegraph 27, 121, 129, 240, 315

  electric trams 137

  Eliot, George 5

  Elizabeth I 4, 7–8, 19, 297

  Ellis, Hon. Evelyn 152

  Engels, Friedrich 53

  engraved illustrations 281–3

  evangelism 160, 162–3, 165, 166, 189–91

  Evening News 285

  Factory Acts 42–3

  factory work 41–4

  fans, language of 211–
12

  fasting, humiliation and divine displeasure 161–2

  fish and chips 56, 67–8

  fives, game of 275–6

  Fonthill Abbey 78

  food

  adulteration of 54–6

  cheese 195

  cookery books 58–60, 64, 69

  curries 63–4

  dining 58–9, 60–3

  grain imports 56, 254

  meat 52–3, 54, 60, 67

  packaging 64–5

  and poverty 53–4, 65, 66–9

  street 65–9

  transportation and preservation 56–8

  Food and Drugs Act (1860) 55

  football 263–4, 268–70, 276

  footwear

  men 288–9

  women 221–2

  foreign railways 121, 124, 259–60

  foreign rivals 298, 302–5, 338–9

  foreign travel 257–63, 296–7

  foreigners, attitudes to 298–300

  Forth Bridge 120

  Francatelli, Charles 58–9

  France

  Napoleonic Wars 53, 229, 307, 309, 311, 336

  as old enemy 336–8, 340

  Paris Exhibition (1867) 304

  Franklin, Sir John 57

  French Riviera 258–9

  Frith, William Powell 248–9, 250

  frock coats 225, 226

  Froude, James Anthony 304

  Fulton, Robert 124

  furnishings 71, 72, 79, 87, 88–9, 100

  coil springs 90

  lacquered (‘japanning’) 103

  manufacturing 90–1

  papier mâché 89–90

  Galsworthy, John (Forsyth Saga) xi, xxiii, 76, 109, 324, 341

  gambling 259

  games see sports; specific sports

  garrotting (suburban mugging) 49–50

  gas cookers 58

  gas heating 95–6

  gas lighting 93

  George III 2, 15, 28, 111

  George IV (Prince Regent) 2, 3, 194, 247–8

  George V 226

  Georgian style 70–1, 74, 86, 95

  Germany 298, 303, 334

  Royal Family connections 2, 9, 15, 24, 25, 30

  Gissing, George xvi

  Gladstone, William 25–6, 160, 330

  Glasgow School of Art 108

  ‘golden age’ xiii–xiv

  golf 272–3

  Gordon, General Charles 25, 165, 261, 284, 288, 330

  Gothic/medieval revival 77–80, 81–2, 88–9, 92

  Grace, W. G. 268

  grain imports 56, 254

  Great Britain (ship) 127

  Great Eastern (ship) 127–8

  Great Exhibition (1851) xix, 82, 83, 87, 134, 281

  Medieval Court 79

  Prince Albert’s contributions to 11, 18–19, 35–6, 77

  Great Western Railway (GWR) 116–17, 126, 127

  Great Western (ship) 126–7

  Greville, Charles 27

  Grossmith, George and Weedon (Diary of a Nobody) 98–9, 239, 250

  ‘gunboat diplomacy’ 306

  hair styles

  men 232–3

  women 220–1

  Hall, Sir Benjamin 136

  ham sandwiches 67

  Harmsworth, Alfred 284–5, 294

  hats

  men 229–32, 250, 251

  seaside 249, 250, 251

  women 218–20, 249, 251

  Haweis, Mrs Mary 72

  Heal’s, Tottenham Court Road 90

  health

  resorts 252–3, 258–9

  see also diseases

  Helena, Princess 9–10

  Henley Regatta 271–2

  Henty, G. A. 294–5

  Herbert, G. 143–4

  Hetherington, John 230

  Hibberd, Shirley 72

  ‘High Victorian’ taste 80

  Highland troops 314, 315, 318–19

  Hilliard, George Stillman 296–7

  Hogg, Quentin 48

  Holt, Sir Edward 106–7

  homelessness 36

  Hoover, Herbert, US President 240

  hostesses 202–3

  ‘hourglass figure’ 217–18

  housing

  improvements 35–6

  and living conditions of the masses 32–5

  Prince Albert’s ‘model dwellings’ 11, 35–6, 77

  tenements 77

  workhouses 33, 36–8

  see also architecture/interior design

  Housman, Laurence 12, 28, 31

  Hudson, George 119

  Hughes, Molly 174, 176–7, 181–2, 185

  hymns 185–6

  ice-cream 69

  Illustrated London News (ILN) xii-xiii, 110, 231, 280–1, 283

  Illustrated Police News 283

  India 29, 191, 310

  Cook’s tours 263

  herbs and spices 63–4

  India Act (1858) 321

  Indian Army 274–5, 311, 320, 321, 322, 329

  Indian Mutiny 311, 320–1, 324, 330–1

  commemoration 162

  Queen Victoria as symbolic war leader 19

  Industrial Revolution 247, 303

  Inge, W. R. xvi

  Ingram, Herbert 280

  interior design 71–3

  interior design see architecture/interior design

  Italianate style see Classical/Italianate style

  James, Henry 324

  Jerome, Jerome K. xxiv, 257

  Jones, Owen 92

  Kaiser Wilhelm II 31, 150–1, 199, 288

  Keble, John 158–9

  Kelmscott Press, Oxfordshire 105–6

  Kensington Palace Gardens 83

  Kent, Duchess of (Victoria, Princess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld) 2–3, 4, 20

  Kent, Duke of (Prince Edward) 2–3, 19

  ‘kept women’ 41

  Khartoum, siege of 330, 331

  Kipling, Rudyard 305, 333–4

  Kitchener, General 331, 332, 335

  kitchens 58, 85, 86–7

  Kruger, Paul 335

  Landseer, Edwin 27

  lavatories 96, 101

  counting houses 242

  water closets 97–8

  lavatory paper 98

  leaving cards 196, 198, 200–2, 205

  Leech, John 287

  Leon Bollee 152

  Leopold, King of Belgium 4, 7, 8, 9

  Leopold, Prince 9–10, 18

  Lethaby, Dr 33–4

  libraries 290–1

  Lincoln, Abraham 230

  Linley Sambourne House, Kensington 99–100, 101

  Livingstone, David 165, 229

  locomotives 122

  London

  railway termini 120–1, 124

  rookeries 34–5

  London and Birmingham railway 116

  London Library 291

  London and Scotland railway 123

  Longford, Elizabeth 18

  Louis-Philippe, King of France 12, 337

  Louise, Princess 9–10

  Lucan, Lord 312

  Lucas, Charles Davis 317

  Lucknow 321

  Lukas, John xxiii

  Macadam, John 112

  MacDonald, General Hector 325–6

  Mackintosh, Charles Rennie 108

  Macmillan, Kirkpatrick 143

  MacNicol, Bessie 220

  magazines 283, 286, 294

  Maidenhead 257

  mail coaches 111–12, 113–14

  Malmesbury, Lord 13

  Manning, Henry 160

  Maple’s, Tottenham Court Road 90

  margarine (‘butterine’) 53

  marriage

  and sexual behaviour 209, 210

  and spinsterhood 212–14

  see also courting

  Marshall, Agnes Bertha 69

  May, Phil 250, 288

  Mayhew, Henry 38, 66–7, 68

  meat 52–3, 54, 60, 67

  preservation and transportation 57–8

  Medieval Court, Great Exhibition (1851)
79

  medieval/Gothic revival 77–80, 81–2, 88–9, 92

  Melbourne, Lord 6, 8, 159

  messengers 239–40

  Methodists see Nonconformists

  Metropolitan Police 41, 48–9

  ‘Metropolitan Railway’ 139–41

  Michaux, Ernest and Pierre 143, 145

  Midland Grand Hotel, St Pancras 81

  milk 55, 56

  missionaries/missions 166–7, 189–92

  Monte Carlo 259

  Moody, Dwight 189–90, 191

  morning calls see social calls

  morning coats 227

  Morning Star 279–80

  Morris, Tom 273

  Morris, William 71, 104–6

  Moule, Reverend Mr 97

  Mudie’s (library), Oxford Street 290–1

  muffin man 68–9

  Muir, Augustus 144

  Napoleon III 12, 337

  Napoleonic Wars 53, 229, 307, 309, 311, 336

  Nash, John 75, 76

  National Days of Fasting and Humiliation 161–2

  Navigation Act, repeal of (1849) 127

  New Art 108

  New Journalism 284–5

  Newman, John Henry 159

  Nicolas I, Tsar of Russia 34, 313

  Nightingale, Florence 316

  Nonconformists 163–4, 165, 166, 169–70, 178

  Northumberland, Duke of 117

  officers and gentlemen 324–8

  Olympic Games 277

  Omdurman, battle of (1898) 331

  omnibuses 131–5

  opium wars 307

  Orchard, B. G. 238–9

  ornamentation 71–3, 79, 87, 88, 89–91, 92–4, 100–1, 103, 105–6, 108

  Orrinsmith, Mrs Lucy 72

  Osborne House, Isle of Wight 11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 27, 248

  Osri, Joseph 134

  Ottoman Empire 306–7, 313

  Oxford and Cambridge

  Boat Race 255, 271, 272

  football match 269

  Oxford, Keble College 81, 170

  Oxford Movement 158–9, 160

  oysters 68

  paddle-steamers 124–5, 126

  Palace of Westminster 78–9

  Pall Mall Gazette 284

  Palmerston, Lord 12, 20, 24, 160, 306–7

  ‘Palmerston Forts’, Portsmouth 337–8

  papers 278–80

  comic 286–8

  edifying 288–9

  entertaining 284–6

  pictorial 280–3

  war reports 315–16

  Parsons, Charles 128

  Paxton, Joseph 139

  Peabody, George 36

  Pearson, Charles 139–40

  Peel, Sir Robert 6, 13

  ‘penny dreadfuls’ 293

  ‘penny farthings’ 145–6

  philanthropy/charity 35–6, 46–8, 59–60, 156, 160, 165, 167–8

  photography 281, 283

  and Royal Family 16, 18

  pies 68

  Pitman, Isaac 241

  plate-glass windows 87

  polo 274–5, 324–5

  postcards 252

  potatoes 68

  poverty

  diet 53–4, 65, 66–9

  living conditions 32–5

  Presbyterian Church of Scotland 177–81

  press gangs 307

  Prince Regent (George IV) 2, 3, 194, 247–8

  Prince of Wales (‘Bertie’) 9–10, 16, 20, 22, 29, 185, 217, 259

  Prior, Melton 282

 

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