by N. T. Wright
“good news,” 17, 44, 110, 324
goyim, 28–29, 34
Greece, 104, 138, 177, 244, 248, 257, 289, 305, 313, 321, 342, 397
Hanukkah, 28, 33
healings, 57, 113, 122, 127, 175, 214, 246–47, 344–45
heaven-and-earth, 7–9, 50, 53–54, 69, 75, 99, 220–21, 224, 289, 354, 401, 403, 404, 406, 408
Herod Agrippa, 93, 107, 134, 136, 360
Herodotus, 415
Herod the Great, 387
Hezekiah, 136
Hillel, 36
Homer, 124
“household codes,” 286, 293, 297
Hymenaeus, 396
idolatry: false thinking and, 201; Gentiles culture of, 90, 168; God’s abandonment of his house in Jerusalem for reason of people’s, 21, 47, 50; God’s creation spoiled by, 328; God’s rescue of Jew and Gentile from, 296; keeping oneself pure from, 23; as major problem of world, 408–9; of the Messiah’s people, 130, 405; normal critique of, 203; pagan, 124–25, 134, 199; Paul remains true to absolute prohibition on, 351–52; Paul urging believers not to associate with people who flouted, 242; as powerful and insidious, 347; renouncing, 344; resurrection and, 79, 368; story of Balaam, 30–31; theological principles and, 252, 254
immorality: Gentiles culture of, 90; keeping oneself pure from, 23, 30; of the Messiah’s people, 130; pagan, 134; Paul remains true to absolute prohibition on, 351–52; as powerful and insidious, 347; resurrection and, 368; sexual, 139, 147, 167–68, 258, 344
“inheritance,” 73, 152, 160, 296, 330, 409
Ioudaïsmos, 3–4, 23, 34
Isaac, 53, 63
Isaiah, 47–48, 65, 344
Israel: covenant with the One God, 108–9; God’s covenant faithfulness to, 329–33, 368; narrative of Jews in, 18–19, 45–47, 71–74, 331–32; nonbelief in God of, 29; One God of, 4; return of God and, 21–22
Jacob, 49, 53, 63
James, 61, 67, 98–99, 134, 140, 142, 144, 151, 153, 164, 166, 232
Jason, 185–86, 211
Jeremiah, 65, 224
Jerusalem: Caligula’s plans for, 225; challenges for Jesus-followers living in, 153–56; challenges for Jews living in, 12–13, 135–42, 153–56; counter-Temple movement, 137; fall of, 403; Jesus-followers in, 134–35, 138–41; Jewish identity of, 135–42; leaders sending Barnabas to Antioch, 85, 89–100; Paul’s visits to, 34–35, 66–68, 92, 138, 175, 229–33, 267, 289, 301, 349–71; poverty of church in, 257; redemption of, 21; stoning of Stephen in, 37–38; Western Wall, 21
Jerusalem Conference, 163, 172, 254, 351
Jesus: appearance of, 217–21, 223, 340–41, 401–2; challenges for followers living in Jerusalem, 153–56; community of believers in Antioch, 85–100; crucifixion, 38, 53, 62, 82, 108, 164, 201, 213, 226, 291, 328, 347, 376, 389, 413, 427; defeat of dark powers that stood behind all evil, 70–80, 108–10, 220, 256–57; as different kind of Lord, 325–27; in farewell address of Paul, 348; followers, 4–5, 105, 134–35, 138–41, 153–56, 321–24, 335, 337, 349, 351; healings, 57; as image of God, 201, 289–90, 309; as Israel’s Messiah, 53–54, 58–59, 62, 76–78, 105–6, 151–52, 324, 333–34, 400–401; in league with the devil, 127; as Lord of the whole world, 123; loyalty to, 112; “mind of the Messiah” poem, 272–75; movement in Jerusalem, 134–42; mystery-revealing poem, 290–91; parable about a king going away and coming back to face local opposition, 388; Paul and, 55–59, 77, 366–67; radical meaning of cross, 130; rejection by synagogue community, 292–93; return of, 223–24; revealing of, 293; as son of God, 7, 10, 58; taken from Nazareth to Jerusalem for Passover, 20; teachings of Gamaliel and, 35–36; as true Image of God, 309; two-tier movement, 151–52
Jesus Justus, 293
Jewish Temple tax, 341, 343
Jews: anti-Jewish sentiment in Rome, 320–21; as atheists, 86–87; banished for rioting, 212, 319; belief that God would return to set up kingdom, 21–23; belief that nations of the world had been enslaved by their own idols, 107–8, 125; belief that world history is divided into two “ages,” 157–58; challenges living in Jerusalem, 12–13, 135–42, 153–56; challenges living in Pisidian Antioch, 135, 155–56; challenges living in Tarsus, 12–13, 135; Christian faith and, 321; community in Ephesus, 245; division between non-Jew and, 85–100, 143–52; education of, 425; exile of, 18–20, 46–47; festivals, 20; food laws, 254–55, 292; forcing non-Jews to become, 147; Jesus-followers, 404–5; Jew-plus-Gentile churches, 409; messianic reality and, 151; “mystery” tradition, 287–89; narrative of, 18–19; objection to apostles’ message, 185–87; Paul’s personal knowledge of, 277–79; social indicators, 86; subgroups, 13–14; visions of sages, 49–50; “wisdom” tradition, 287–89; worship of One God in Roman Empire, 11–12, 121
Jezebel, queen of Israel, 63
John, 98–99, 134
John Mark, 100, 114, 116, 172–73
John the Baptist, 93, 242–43
Joseph, 49
Josephus, 13, 135–36, 343, 355
Judaism, 3, 54, 112, 286
judgment day, 310–11
Julius Caesar, Gaius, 11, 46, 88, 111, 118, 121, 178, 319, 324–25
justification by faith, 8, 161, 230, 407–8, 427
Juvenal, 209, 320
katatomē, 276, 292
koinōnia, 190–91, 278, 283, 319, 427
Kyrios Caesar “Lord Caesar,” 11–12
Kyrios Iēsous Christos (“Jesus Messiah is Lord”), 112, 188
Longinus, Gaius Cassius, 178
love, 151, 191, 255–56, 310–11, 335, 410, 426
loyalty, 90, 112, 136–40, 161, 411–12
Lucretius, 197
Luke: account of Paul’s appearance before Agrippa and Bernice, 365–72, 414; account of riot in Ephesus, 261–63; account of sea voyage and shipwreck on Malta, 375–83; Barnabas and, 85; on Barnabas and Paul, 171–73; on early followers of Jesus, 92–93; on farewell address of Paul, 345–46; on healings, 246–47; on Jesus being taken from Nazareth to Jerusalem for Passover, 20; on journey of Paul to Jerusalem, 350; on journey with Paul, 342; narration of journey of Paul and Silas, 174–89; on Paul engaging with thinkers in Athens, 9; on Paul in Rome, 391; on Paul’s journey into Europe, 170–89; report of Paul’s speech before Herod Agrippa, 107; report on Paul’s stoning, beatings, and other attacks and legal charges, 240; story of Paul’s journey to Pisidian Antioch, 113–14, 118
Luther, Martin, 408, 420
Lydia, 179, 184, 279
Lysias, Claudius, 360
Lystra, 155, 174, 175, 342
Maccabaeus, Judas, 33, 160
Maccabaeus, Mattathias, 160
Macedonia, 177, 185, 248, 258–59, 306, 313
Malachi, 48
Marcion, 320, 323, 332
Marcionism, 334
Mark (Barnabas’s nephew), 293–94
marriage, 30–31, 80, 251
meditation, 50–54, 287, 298–300
messianic eschatology, 130–31, 276–78
messianic identity, 254–55
Miletus, 345, 393, 396
Moab, 30–31
money, 95, 97, 190, 217–18, 223, 242, 271, 301, 308, 313, 339, 341–43, 350, 357, 362
monotheism, 76, 292–93
Moses, 18, 27, 31, 63, 119, 125, 130, 139–40, 159–60, 220, 308, 366, 369
Mt. Horeb, 63
Mt. Sinai, 63, 160
“mystery” tradition, 287–89
Naomi, 173
Nero, Roman emperor, 210, 222, 320, 363, 386, 391, 397
new creation: “good news” of the Messiah and, 17–18; healings as signs of, 246; Jesus and, 55, 71–73, 76, 80, 109, 344; Messiah’s people as, 296; Paul’s message of, 122, 127–28, 145, 156–62, 183, 250, 267, 292–93, 299, 309–11, 329–30, 376, 402, 407; in Torah, 20, 33–35
Octavian, Caesar Augustus. See Augustus
Onesimus, 280–84
Onesiphorus, 394–95
On the Nature of the Gods (Cicero), 16
pagans: abandoning ways and switching allegiance to Jesus as Lord, 89; action against, 36,
37, 59, 79; ancient gods, 108, 112; celebrations, 124–25; city of Tarsus, 23, 72, 74, 78; deceptive practices of, 126–28; fate of Jews compromising with, 87, 98, 125; paganism, 260; rulers, 49, 67; ruling over Jews, 46–47, 135; women, 424–25; worship, 33
Pallas, 361
Paphos, 114, 258
parousia, 217–19, 223, 340–41
Passover, 18, 20, 28, 45, 78, 98, 251, 409
Paul: accused by Jewish community of teachings contrary to Caesar’s decrees, 185–87, 227; accused of defiling Temple, 353–54; accused of teaching Jewish customs that would be illegal for Romans, 180–85, 227, 260; accused of “teaching people to worship God in illegal ways,” 227–29, 260; before Agrippa, 365–72, 414; announcing fulfillment of long-range divine plan, 118–21, 157–63; as apostle to non-Jews, 143, 157–58; appeal for unity within the scattered and quite possibly mutually suspicious churches in Rome, 336–37; “Areopagus address,” 194–95, 198–207, 345, 366; arrival in Rome, 386; in Athens, 9, 96, 187, 189, 194–207; authorship of Pauline letters, 284–86; Barnabas and, 67, 81, 85, 92–100, 115; beating in Ephesus, 245; beating in Jerusalem, 354; behavior of Lycaonians toward, 123–28; belief that Messiah had defeated dark powers that stood behind all evil, 78–80, 108–9; in Beroea, 188–89; call of, 65–66; church fund-raising, 307–8; circumcision of Timothy, 175–76; commissioned for first joint project with Barnabas, 94–100; confrontational behavior of, 417; confrontation between Peter and, 142–52; conversion of, 2–4, 51–54, 70, 104, 123, 168–69, 236, 317, 367, 368; conversion of Lydia, 179; in Corinth, 111, 211–29, 248–59, 316; in Cyprus, 114; in Damascus, 66–67, 92, 315; death, 391–92; devotion to God, 82–83; disruption of social stability, 133–34; doctrine of justification, 8, 161, 230, 407–8; energy of, 416; Ephesian imprisonment, 173; escape from Damascus, 66–67, 315; exorcism of slave girl, 179–81, 258, 260, 261; explaining “Jesus and Anastasis,” 206; falling-out with Barnabas, 171–73, 187; familiarity with non-Jewish philosophy, 16; farewell address, 345–49; first letter to Corinth, 96, 212, 214, 220, 228, 235–39, 242, 245–46, 249, 251–59, 274; first letter to Thessalonica, 185, 187, 214; follower of ancient tradition of “zeal,” 29; in Galatia, 117–29; glimpses of his life, 61; gospel of “salvation,” 9; healings, 122, 127, 175, 214, 246–47, 344–45; in Iconium, 123; on idea of “identity,” 254–55; imprisonment in Caesarea, 240; imprisonment in Ephesus, 190, 239–40, 260–69, 280, 342; imprisonment in Philippi, 181–85, 189–90, 200, 227, 262, 265; imprisonment in Rome, 240, 390–91; influence of letters, 419–21; initial preaching in Corinth, 213–14; instructions about communal and individual life, 335–36; Jesus and, 4–5, 55–59, 366–67; Jewish objection to message, 185–87; journey from Miletus to Jerusalem, 396–97; journey to Arabia, 61–68; journey to Corinth, 243–44, 267; journey to Corinth with Silas, 174; journey to Cyprus, 109–16; journey to Galatia, 116–31; journey to Rome, 99, 177, 188, 300, 340–41, 346, 348, 359–60, 375–86; leaving a cloak at Troas, 395; letters as part of “holy scripture,” 6–7, 169; letters as successive drafts of a “systematic theology,” 321–22; letter to Ephesians, 295–300; letter to Galatians, 63, 142–52, 157–62, 167–68, 238; letter to Philemon, 239, 241; letter to Philippi, 244, 264, 271–80; letter to Romans, 138, 317–19, 327–37; letter to Thessalonians, 238, 244; letter to Titus, 218, 396–97; loyalty to God, 150–51; loyalty to the hope of Israel, 10; in Lystra, 122–24; marriage and, 80–82; meeting with Barnabas in Jerusalem, 163–66; meeting with Jewish elders in Rome, 387–90; message of radical messianic eschatology, 130–31; ministry of, 308–9, 366; monotheism of, 76; motivation and mindset, 405–6; multilingual ability, 15–16; name change, 115–16; opposition to mission, 244–45, 275–76; parallel with Elijah, 63–65; parody of imperial boasting, 314–16; personal knowledge of Jesus, 277–79; in Pisidian Antioch, 111, 113–14, 117–21; plot to kill, 360; poem about Jesus, 272–75; practice of meditation, 51–54, 69, 298–300; practice of prayer, 51–52, 55–56, 69–70, 80, 267, 298, 412, 430–32; Prison Letters, 241, 265, 268, 271; proclaiming foreign divinities, 199; proclamation of Jesus as Messiah, 65–67, 104–5; proclamation of Jesus as “son of God,” 58; purificatory ritual with Jerusalem leaders, 350–53; reading of the Bible, 16, 18; reasons for long-term success of, 414–30; returns to Damascus, 64–65; return to Ephesus, 259–69; return to Tarsus, 66, 68–83; rift between Barnabas and, 294; role as world changer, 4; before the Sanhedrin, 355–59, 362; schooling in Jewish thought, 2, 12, 15, 27–28; second letter to Corinth, 67, 220, 237–39, 250, 307–8; second letter to Thessalonica, 218, 223–25; self-discipline, 96–97; sent from Syrian Antioch to Jerusalem with a gift of money for Jerusalem believers, 95–97, 350; servant vocation of, 410–11; shipwreck on Malta, 183, 314–15, 375–83; speech before Herod Agrippa, 107; stoning of, 123, 127–28, 211; study of ancient scriptures, 27–30, 70–71; in Syrian Antioch, 92–100, 231, 233, 244, 267; teacher in Jerusalem, 35–36; telling of Israel’s story, 331–34; tentmaking, 11, 15, 68–69; theological principle, 252; theology of two-stage resurrection, 369; theories on conversion of, 41–47; in Thessalonica, 185–89; transfer to Caesarea, 360–61; trial before Felix, 361–63; trial before Festus, 363–65; “To an Unknown God” altar inscription, 202–5; view of God’s future, 310–11; vision of different kind of community, 421–22; vision of Jesus, 227, 339–40; vision of kingdom, 106–7; visit from Ananias in Damascus, 55–58; visits to Jerusalem, 34–35, 66–68, 92, 138, 175, 229–33, 267, 289, 301, 349–71; vocation as “the ministry of reconciliation,” 171; voyage to Rome, 375–86; vulnerable side of, 418–19; zealous behavior of, 23, 33–36, 44, 62, 64, 69, 73, 77–78, 134, 277–79, 328
Pauline “Gentile Christianity,” 249
Pelagianism, 152
Pentecost, 20, 345
Peres, Shimon, 36
peritomē, 276, 292
“personality cults,” 242
Peter (Cephas), 61, 67, 98–99, 100, 134, 138, 142, 146–52, 164, 172, 242–43, 248, 294, 412, 417
Pharisees, 12–13, 14, 137, 358–59
Philemon, 239–41, 246, 280–84
Philetus, 396
Philip II, king of Macedon, 178
Philippi: Battle of, 178; center of Roman rule and of Roman cult, 111; letter to, 244, 264, 271–80; Paul’s visits to, 76, 177, 178–85, 211, 227, 258, 306
philosophy, 16, 74–75, 197–98, 292, 345
Phinehas, 31–32, 36, 38–39, 62, 125, 137, 389, 411
Phoebe, 327, 337
pistis, 90–91, 148, 161, 325, 412
Plato, 16, 74, 75, 197
Platonists, 8, 17, 75
Plutarch, 8, 16, 112
Pompey the Great, 87, 88, 185
power, 250, 280
prayer, 48–52, 55–56, 69, 228, 231, 267, 287, 298, 412, 430–32
Priscilla, 212, 230, 242, 265, 320, 395
proseuchē, 179
Protestantism, 141, 230, 285–86
Publius, 383
rabbis, 12, 15, 35–36
Rabin, Yitzhak, 36
reconciliation, 281–84, 308
“religion,” 3, 22, 323–24
restoration, 19–20
resurrection, 8, 79, 82, 89, 109–10, 145, 151–52, 198, 256, 298, 310, 328, 358–59, 369, 402
righteousness, 31, 39, 137, 408
Roman Empire, 15, 34, 75, 111–12, 180, 183, 221, 319–20, 343
Roman-Jewish war, 36, 136, 210
Rome: anti-Jewish sentiment in, 320; banished Jews for rioting, 212, 319; celebration and boasting of achievements, 313–14; challenges living in, 117, 178, 313; citizenship in, 357; cults of Caesar and, 106, 111, 118, 135–36, 155, 195, 241, 320; danger of allegiance to Jesus in, 325; groups worshipping Jesus in, 319, 321–24; history of, 421–23; imperial propaganda put out by, 225; imprisonment of Paul, 240; Jewish objection to the apostles’ message as charge of sedition against, 186; Jewish rebellion against, 105, 181; Jewish Temple tax, 341; Jewish worship in, 12, 48; letter to, 138, 317–19, 327–37; Paul accused of teaching Jewish customs that would be illegal for R
omans, 228, 260; Paul’s imprisonment in, 240, 386–91; Paul’s journey to, 99, 177, 188, 300, 340–41, 346, 348, 359–60, 375–86; poetic vision of, 209; Prisca and Aquila in, 265; provincial governor from, 363–65; rise of, 429; synagogue communities in, 322; war with Greece, 11, 200–201
Ruth, 173–74
Sadducees, 14, 137, 358
salvation, 7–8, 9, 105, 130, 180, 183, 334, 407–8
Samuel, 118
satan, 107–8, 396
Secundus, 342
self-discipline, 96–97
Seneca, 112, 197, 306, 319
Sennacherib, 136
Sergius Paulus, 114, 117, 120
sexual holiness, 217–18
sexual morality, 30, 251–52
Shammai, 36
Shema prayer, 28, 34, 52, 80, 228, 231, 252–53, 267, 430–31
Silas (Silvanus), 173–86, 188–89, 194, 213, 215, 223, 230, 265, 320
Simeon ben Kosiba, 105
sin, 21, 50, 107, 147, 149, 161, 183, 256, 296, 328–30, 358, 368, 400, 408–9, 411, 413
slavery, 280–84, 330
Socrates, 196, 345, 431
Solomon, king of Israel, 20
Sopater, 342
spiritual warfare, 298–99