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Smoketown Page 47

by Mark Whitaker


  Hance, William, 50

  Handy, W. C., 324

  Harding, Warren, 78–79, 81

  Hardy, Thomas, 335

  Hargrove, Hondon, 183

  Harlem, 10, 13, 18, 20, 21, 22, 74, 136, 137, 138, 141, 144, 146, 147, 155, 195, 198, 201, 204, 205, 206, 207, 210

  Courier bureau in, 22, 71, 181, 231, 238, 285–86, 289

  Harlem Globetrotters, 111, 288

  Harlem Renaissance, 71

  Harleston, Edward Nathaniel, 49–50, 61–62

  Harper’s, 313

  Harrellsville, N.C., 55

  Harrington, Ollie, 182

  Harris, Charles “Teenie,” 94, 95, 100, 141

  athletic talent of, 98–99

  as Courier photographer, 193–94, 319

  Harris, Joe and Duff, 250

  Harris, Vic, 120

  Harris, William “Woogie,” 93–95, 136, 137, 141, 193, 335

  Hart, Moss, 310

  Harvard Medical School, 41

  Hawkins, Coleman, 203, 206

  Hayes, Edgar, 204

  Hayes, Stewart, 27

  Hazelwood (neighborhood), xxiii, 307, 310, 322

  Hearst, William Randolph, 49

  “Heartbreak Hotel” (song), 220

  Heinz, Henry J., 33–34

  Point Breeze mansion of, 43

  Henderson, Fletcher, 125, 203

  Herron Avenue, iv

  Highland Park (neighborhood), xxiii

  Hill, Herman, 195

  Hill, Teddy, 203, 205–6

  Hill City Auditorium, 194

  Hill District (neighborhood), ii, xvi, xxiii, 6, 23, 44, 46, 88, 93, 96, 116, 128, 204, 304, 338

  Civic Arena project in, 314–21, 325, 326

  failure to provide for displaced residents of, 318–19, 321

  squalid living conditions in, 59, 67

  Hillsborough, N.C., 125, 126

  Hines, Earl “Fatha,” xv, 129, 192, 198–202, 208, 213, 214, 216, 224, 324, 335

  jazz lessons of, 130–31

  as musical prodigy, 129–30

  at Schenley High School, 130, 131

  Hines, Frank T., 277

  Hines, James, 129, 130

  Hitler, Adolf, 1, 2, 15, 19, 23, 159

  Hocking River, 27

  Hodges, Johnny, 146

  Holiday, Billie, 138

  Holloway, Wilbert, 170–71

  Holmes, Martha, 216

  Holy Ghost College (Duquesne University), 48–49

  Homestead, Pa., 24, 29, 45, 119

  steel mill at, 31, 35–36

  Homestead Grays, xv, 48, 100–104, 110, 114–15, 244, 306, 335

  Cum Posey as manager of, 49

  Gibson with, 102–4, 120–21

  Jackson as co-owner of, 119–20

  night games played by, 100, 101–2

  Homestead High School, 48

  Homestead Strike, 35–37, 38

  Homewood (neighborhood), xxiii, 3, 44, 126, 128, 322

  Homewood AME Zion Church, 128

  Homewood Cemetery, 166

  Hoover, Herbert, 79, 81–82, 83

  Hoover, J. Edgar, 1

  in campaign against black press, 173, 174

  Hopper, Clay, 251

  Horne, Burke, 136

  Horne, Corn Calhoun, 136

  Horne, Edna Scrotton, 136–37, 138, 139

  Horne, Edwin, 136

  Horne, Edwin “Little Teddy,” 143, 149

  Horne, Edwin “Teddy”, Jr., 136–37, 144, 150

  Lena’s relationship with, 138, 139, 142, 144, 149

  in move to Pittsburgh, 137

  as racketeer, 96, 137–38

  Horne, Erroll, 136

  Horne, Frank, 136, 137

  Horne, Irene, 137, 139

  Horne, Lena, 122, 194

  in Blackbirds of 1938, 142

  Catlin and, 143, 144

  with Charlie Barnet band, 148–49

  childhood of, 137

  children of, 140, 143, 149

  Cotton Club job of, 138

  Ellington’s affair with, 149

  Joe Louis’s affair with, 149

  Louis Jones’s marriage to, 139–44

  in move to Los Angeles, 150

  in Noble Sissle band, 138–39

  pregnancies of, 140

  Strayhorn’s arrangements for, 150–51

  Strayhorn’s friendship with, 150–51

  Teddy’s relationship with, 138, 139, 142, 144, 149

  in The Duke is Tops, 141–42

  “Hot Box” (song), 222

  Hot Five band, 131

  House of David (baseball team), 117

  House of Representatives, U.S., Military Affairs Committee of, 156, 162

  housing, segregation, 67–68, 323

  Housing Act (1949), 316, 321

  Howard Theatre (Washington, D.C.), 197, 198, 199, 210

  Howard University, 48, 70, 182, 195, 198

  Howe, Louis, 80

  Howze, Sam, see Udin, Sala

  Hubbard, Jesse, 90

  Hubbell, Carl, 235

  Hughes, Langston, 14, 310

  Human Rights Commission, 225

  Humphrey, Hubert, 280

  Hunter, Nate, 112

  Hunter High School for Girls (New York), 286

  Hurok, Sol, 227–28

  Hurricane Club (Pittsburgh nightclub), 325

  “I Apologize” (song), 218, 219

  Ickes, Harold, 86

  “I’ll See You in C-U-B-A” (song), 130

  “I’m in the Mood for Love” (song), 213

  India, independence movement in, 188–89

  Ink Spots, 221

  Institute of Alabama, black pilots trained at, 176

  Internal Revenue Service, 78

  International League, 242, 253

  Invisible Man (Ellison), 310

  Iran, 185

  Irvin, Walter Lee, 290–91

  Italy, Ethiopia invaded by, 157–58

  “I’ve Got It Bad and That Ain’t Good” (song), 148

  “I Want to Talk About You” (song), 195

  Jackson, Milt, 223

  Jackson, Robert, 44

  Jackson, Rufus “Sonnyman,” 119

  Jacksonville, Fla., 251, 288–89

  Jacobs, Mike, 8, 9, 11, 15–16, 21

  Jamal, Ahmad, 228–29, 325

  Jay McShann band, 206

  Jazz at the Philharmonic, 223, 225

  “Jelly, Jelly” (song), 200, 201, 210, 213

  Jersey City Saints, 251

  Jet, 220, 298

  Jethroe, Sam, 239

  Jewish War Veterans, 276

  Jews, Louis and, 19

  Jim Crow, see discrimination

  Jinnah, Muhammad Ali, 188

  Jitney (Wilson), 330, 332, 338, 339

  jobs, blacks’ postwar losses of, 190–91

  Joe Turner’s Come and Gone (Wilson), 333–34, 335

  John Mann Street Chapel (Winchester), 26

  Johnson, Budd, 198, 200, 201

  Johnson, Jack, 7

  Johnson, James C., 172

  Johnson, James Weldon, Courier’s feud with, 72–74

  Johnson, Jim A., 283–84

  Johnson, Johnnie, 283–84

  Johnson, Judy, 101, 102, 109, 111, 112, 117

  Jones, Anna, 201

  Jones, Eva DeBoe, 80

  Jones, Gail, 140, 142, 144

  Jones, Julia Bumry, 6, 12, 70–71, 83–84, 86, 97, 128, 154, 164, 271

  Prattis’s relationship with, 155

  stroke of, 172

  Jones, LeRoi (Amiri Baraka), 328

  Jones, Louis, 143, 265

  Lena Horne’s marriage to, 139–44

  Jones, “Papa Jo,” 204

  Jones, Paul L., 315–16, 318

  Jones, Quincy, 220, 223

  Jones, Rachel Lovett, 46

  Jones, Scipio Africanus, 65

  Jordan, James, 321

  Jordan, Louis, 172

  Jordan, Ralph Burdette, 168

  Jump for Joy (musical), 148, 150

&n
bsp; “Just Squeeze Me” (song), 148

  Kansas City Monarchs, 100, 101–2, 104, 119, 243, 244

  Robinson with, 233, 239, 241–42

  Kaufmann, Edgar, 315

  Kaufmann’s department store, 274

  KDKA (radio station), 128, 131

  King, Coretta Scott, 295, 299

  King, Martin Luther, Jr.:

  assassination of, 322

  Cunningham and, 298–99

  jailing of, 297–98

  in Montgomery boycott, 295–96, 299–300

  King, Robert, 315

  King, Yolanda, 295

  King Hedley II (Wilson), 338

  Kinsey, Alfred, 290

  Kirk, Andy, 206–7

  Kittel, Frederick August “Fritz,” 304–5, 311

  Kittel, Frederick August, Jr., see Wilson, August

  Klein, Arthur, 276

  Kline, Charles, 96–97

  Knights of Pythias, 46, 86

  Knights Templar, 46

  Knox, Frank, 169, 235

  Knox, Philander, 43

  Koger, Ralph “Projoe,” 123–24, 147

  Kraken, Jack, 4, 8

  Krall, Diana, 223

  Kreidler, Todd, 339

  Ku Klux Klan, 160, 283

  Kuller, Sid, 148

  labor unions, 35–36

  Lampkin, Daisy, 66, 68, 128, 282, 293

  Landis, Kenesaw Mountain, 235

  Landon, Alf, 160

  Latrobe, Pa., 93

  Laughlin, Thomas, 62

  Lavagetto, Cookie, 266

  Lavelle, Robert, 321

  Lawrence, David, 80, 86, 160, 244, 288, 313–14, 318, 320

  Lead Belly, 324

  Leader House (Pittsburgh), 130

  Ledo Road (Stilwell Road), 185–88, 189–90

  Leonard, Buck, xv, 114, 115, 120, 121

  Levy, Morris, 220, 221

  Lewis, Ira, 71, 86, 164, 327

  as Courier managing editor, 6

  as Courier publisher, 168, 236–37, 279

  as Courier’s business manager, 66, 69–70, 154–55, 159

  Cum Posey’s eulogy delivered by, 244

  death of, 281, 326

  Lewis, John, 223

  Lewis, John Henry, 114, 119, 121

  Lewis, Lew, 142

  Liberia, 181

  Life, 216–18, 220–21

  “Life Story of Joe Louis, The” (Courier series), 7

  “Life Story of Martin Luther King, The” (Cunningham), 298–99

  Lincoln, Abraham, 56, 78, 82

  Lincoln University, 70

  Lionel Hampton Orchestra, 221–22

  Little, George, 128

  Little, James Edward, 127–28

  “Little Haiti” (neighborhood), 44

  Little Troc (Los Angeles nightclub), 151

  Loendi Big Five, 48

  Loendi Club, 46, 50, 59, 61, 71, 74, 111, 128, 129, 141, 194, 317, 319, 325, 335

  Lomax, Almena, 272

  Long, Clyde, 285

  Long Island University, 286

  Look, 218

  Los Angeles Tribune, 272

  “Lotus Land” (Scott), 134

  Louis, Joe, xxiv, 117, 121, 138, 154, 166, 215, 237, 326

  Blackburn as trainer of, 4, 5–6, 9–10, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20

  in Braddock title fight, 15–18

  in Carnera fight, 9–11, 20

  Courier’s championing of, xv, 2, 4, 7–8, 9, 10, 14, 16–17, 18, 22, 154–55, 256

  early matches of, 4–6, 7–8

  first Pittsburgh visit of, 6–7

  in first Schmeling fight, 13–15

  Jacobs as promoter of, 9, 11

  Lena Horne’s affair with, 149

  marriage of Marva and, 155

  and 1936 Pittsburgh flood benefit, 12

  Nunn and, xv, 2–4, 5, 10, 14–15, 16, 22, 154, 256

  personality of, 6, 9

  in Schmeling rematch, 1–2, 19–21

  Washington’s close relationship with, 13, 14, 17

  Louis, Marva Trotter, 13, 18, 21, 155

  Louisville, Ky., 253

  Lower Hill (neighborhood), 84, 173, 204, 315, 317–19, 321, 323

  Luce, Clare Boothe, 172

  Luce, Henry, 217

  Luckey, Lucinda, 29

  Lunceford, Jimmie, 172

  “Lush Life” (song), 135

  lynchings, 29, 64–65, 73, 78–79, 160, 176, 177, 271, 273, 286

  Lyons, Bonnie, 336

  McAlpin Hotel (New York), 258, 260–61

  MacArthur, Douglas, 189

  McBean, Al, 326

  McBride, Christian, 224

  McCall, Willis, 291

  McCarthy, Marvin, 116

  McClelland, D. W., 12

  McCullough, David, 280

  McDuff, Jack, 325

  McDuffie, Terry, 238

  McGhee, Howard, 212

  McKees Rocks, Pa., 94

  McKelvey High School (Pittsburgh), 99

  McKinley, William, 44, 56

  McPhail, Lee, 259

  McShann, Jay, 201–2

  McVicker, Carl, 133–34

  Mad Hatters, 135

  Madison Square Garden, 9, 15, 16, 63

  Malcolm X, 300

  Maltin, Sam, 253–54

  Manchester (neighborhood), xxiii

  Manley, Abe and Effie, 113, 119

  Marable, Fate, 129, 150

  Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom (Wilson), 330–31, 332, 339

  Marine Coal Company, 37

  Marines, U.S., blacks in, 176

  Marsalis, Wynton, 340

  Marshall, Thurgood:

  Brown case and, 293

  Cunningham’s friendship with, 292–93

  Groveland Four case and, 290

  Martin, Louis, 268

  Martin, Pepper, 235

  Massera, Charlie, 5

  Mathewson, Christy, 116

  Mathis, Johnny, 226

  Matlock, Leroy, 112, 117

  Medal of Honor, 169

  Mellon, Andrew, 34, 79, 83, 312

  Mellon, Connie, 312

  Mellon, Richard Beatty, 312

  Mellon, Richard King “R.K.,” 312–13

  and Pittsburgh Renaissance, 313–14, 317

  Mellon, Thomas, 34, 44, 312

  Mellon National Bank, 312, 314

  Memorial Athletic Field (Sanford), 248

  Memphis Red Sox, 104–5

  Mencken, H. L., 77, 157, 160–61

  Messenger, The (journal), 74, 75

  Methodist Episcopal Church, 26

  Metronome, 216

  MGM records, 214, 215, 216, 218

  Middle Hill (neighborhood), ii, 305, 321, 323, 325

  Milholland, Harry, 196

  military, U.S., blacks in:

  combat training of, 176

  Courier stories on, 166–67, 173

  Vann’s crusade for, 156, 161–62, 165

  see also specific units

  military, U.S., desegregation of, 281

  Miller, Arthur, 334

  Miller, Doris “Dorie,” 168–69, 176, 235

  Miller, Emma Guffey, 80

  Mills Brothers, 221

  “Minertown” (neighborhood), 44

  Minton, Henry, 205–6

  Minton’s Playhouse (New York nightclub), 205–6

  Mississippi River, 30

  Mister Kelly’s (Chicago nightclub), 228

  “Misty” (song), 226

  Mitchell, Arthur, 177

  Mitchell, James, 317

  Modern Jazz Quartet, 223

  Monk, Thelonius Sphere, 206, 207, 225

  Monongahela House (Pittsburgh), 42, 78

  Monongahela River, xiii, 12, 30

  Montgomery, Ala., bus boycott in, 294–300, 301, 326

  Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), 295–96

  Monticello-Delany Rifles, 48

  Montreal Royals, 233, 242–43, 247–54, 256–58

  Moonlight Harbor Orchestra, 123, 124, 125

  Moore family, 59

  Morehouse College
, 298, 299

  Moreland, Mantan, 141

  Morgan, J. P., 58

  Morris, Carl, 322

  Motley, Constance Baker, 293

  Mount Washington (neighborhood), xxiii, 45

  Muchnick, Isadore, 239

  Murphy, Joseph L., 275

  Muslims, 188

  Mussolini, Benito, 157

  “My Little Brown Book” (song), 148

  My Own Story (Robinson), 266

  Mystery Mansion (Pittsburgh after-hours club), 135

  Mystery, The (journal), 41, 49

  Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 308–9

  Nashville Elite Giants, 105

  National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 9, 72, 162, 171, 294, 301, 321

  Courier’s feud with, 72–74

  Legal Defense Fund of, 290, 293

  National Association of Colored Women, 46–47

  National Association of Negro Musicians, 134

  National Association of Negro Women, 164

  National Baptist Convention, 171

  National Bar Association, 161

  National League, 111, 244, 265

  National Negro Opera Company, 135

  National Negro Press Association, 236, 279

  National Playwrights Conference, 330–31

  Navarro, Fats, 212

  Navy, U.S., expanded role of blacks in, 176

  Navy Cross, 169

  Negro Digest, 328

  Negro Elks Clubs, 2, 171, 224, 299

  “Negro in America, The” (Carnegie), 38

  “Negroes of Pittsburgh, The” (Tucker), 38

  Negro Leagues, xv, 238, 239, 263, 288, 335

  all-star game of, 3

  East-West League of, 104, 106–9

  and integration of major leagues, 243–44, 245

  see also specific teams

  Negro National League, 110, 117, 254

  Crawfords’ dominance of, 112–13

  East-West Classic of, 2, 111–12, 115–16, 121

  Grays’ dominance of, 120

  Greenlee’s resignation from, 121

  near-collapse of, 113

  see also specific teams

  Negro National Publishers Association (NNPA), 175, 176

  Negro World Series, 109

  Nehru, Jawaharlal, 188

  Nelson, Stanley, 176

  Nesbit, Evelyn, 63–64

  Newark Eagles, 113, 119, 238, 265

  New Deal, 121, 151, 164

  New England Conservatory of Music, 299

  New Pittsburgh Courier, 327

  Newsweek, 182

  New York Black Yankees, 89, 90, 101, 120

  New York Cubans, 113, 117, 238

  New York Daily Mirror, 236

  New York Daily News, 243

  New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award, 332

  New York Giants, 260

  New York Herald Tribune, 262

  New York Lincoln Giants, 103

  New York Times, 182, 246, 298, 300

  New York World Telegram, 246

  New York Yankees, 259–60, 266

  “Night in Tunisia, A” (song), 209, 212

  92nd Infantry Division (Buffalo Soldiers), 91–92, 182, 183

  93rd Infantry Division, 180, 184

  99th Pursuit Squadron (Tuskagee Airmen), 181–82, 193

 

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