Lawrence

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Lawrence Page 52

by Michael Asher


  Kitchener, Lord, 115, 118, 125, 126

  death of, 149

  knighthood, offer of, 343

  Knightley, Philip, 370

  Knowles, Pat, 376

  Kut

  stand at, 143–4

  relief mission to, 147–8

  surrender of, 148

  Lama (ship), 168, 172

  Laurie, Janet, 75–6

  Lawrence, Arnold (Arnie) (brother), 25, 333

  birth, 10

  marriage, 30

  Lawrence, Frank (brother), 24

  birth, 10

  death, 138

  Lawrence, John (grandfather), 7

  Lawrence, Montague Robert (Bob) (brother)

  birth, 8, 23

  domination by mother, 15–16

  Lawrence, Sarah (mother), 7–8

  qualities, 11–12

  domination by, 15–17, 30

  Lawrence, Thomas (father), 7–8, 13. 14

  Thomas Chapman’s name-change to, 9

  death, 355

  Lawrence, Thomas Edward

  family background, 7–10

  birth, 10

  childhood, 10–31

  financial circumstances in childhood, 14–15

  beatings by mother, 16

  and pain, 17–18

  emotional withdrawal, 18

  schooldays, 21–31

  at Boys’ High School, Oxford, 22–3

  and masculinity, 25

  and empathy, 25–6

  and women, 27, 75–6

  and medieval world, 27–8

  family life, 29–30

  lying and truth, 32–4, 70–74, 243, 291–5, 320

  in Royal Garrison Artillery, 32–3

  cycling, 35–6

  in France, 36–9, 47–8

  at Oxford University, 38–48

  canoeing, 46

  malaria, 48

  and Young Turk’s revolution, 49–54

  and Jews, 62–3

  in Safed, 63

  first shot at, 68

  reports of murder of, 71

  and ‘failure as sin’, 73

  in Oxford, 75–9

  proposal of marriage, 75–6

  and Dahoum, 88–9, 109–11, 122

  at Carchemish, 93–108

  illness at Jarablus, 90–92

  in Egypt, 93–108

  at Kafr Ammar, 94–5

  behaviour at Expedition House, 97–8

  at Jebayyil with Dahoum, 102–4

  speaking Arabic, 106

  beating at Khalfati, 107

  in Oxford with Dahoum, 109–11

  last visit to Carchemish, 120–22

  last sight of Dahoum, 122

  in Cairo, 129–31

  in Mesopotamia, 131–49

  in Cairo Intelligence, 149

  alienation of others, 131

  his bravery, 138–9, 247–8

  outbreak of Arab Revolt, 153–66

  first mission to Hejaz, 167–88

  dislike of ‘Abdallah, 170

  camel-riding, 176

  Sharif ‘Ali and, 177–9

  first meeting with Feisal, 181–2

  first closeness with Bedu, 185

  as Propaganda Officer, 190

  wearing Arab dress, 192–3

  dislike of Vickery, 201

  and executions, 211–14

  sees desert as ally, 216

  at Mudahrij, 222–4

  meeting with ‘Ali and Othman, 232–4

  crossing al-Houl, 235–9

  search for Gasim, 236–9

  and deception of Arabs, 240–41

  and Arab Nationalism, 240

  and ‘nobility’ of Arabs, 242–3

  almost shot, 245

  on bravery, 247–8

  Mudowwara raid, 254–72

  traverse of Sinai, 254–60

  Allenby as father-figure, 261

  Auda’s defection and, 262–3

  and Operation Hedgehog, 263

  attack on Mudowwara, 266–71

  Yarmuk operation and Dara’a incident, 273–98

  opportunities lost, 281

  rape at Dara’a, 282–95

  approval of homosexuality, 298

  personal bodyguard and, 295–7

  as personally unclean, 295

  at Jaffa Gate, Jerusalem, 298

  shoots Othman, 309

  massacre at Tafas and, 313–14, 330–34

  quarrel with Young, 316

  wounded, 325–6

  and Peace Conference, 343–58

  offer of knighthood, 343

  writing of Seven Pillars, 346–51

  in Who’s Who, 352

  discovery of his real name, 355

  as John Hume Rosss, 359–60

  in RAF, 359–66, 372, 375

  at School of Photography, Farnborough, 365

  as T.E. Shaw, 367

  enters army, 367

  thoughts of suicide, 372

  and speed, 374

  death, 376–7

  Lawrence, William (brother), 24, 110

  birth, 10

  death, 142

  ‘Lawrence of Arabia’, birth of myth, 173

  Lawrence of Arabia (film), 332

  Layard, Henry, 23

  Lean, David, 332

  Leeds, Edward, 36, 58, 69, 71, 77, 79, 97, 119, 122, 142, 272

  on Dahoum, 110

  on cruelty, 334

  Liddell Hart, Basil, 14, 20, 25, 32, 58, 122, 181, 182, 292, 305, 363

  honours and, 343

  Lloyd, George, 57, 129, 132, 133, 138, 277

  Lloyd George, D. (prime minister), 345

  Lockman, J.N., 294

  Logan, W.M., 131

  love, 76

  lying (and truth), 33–4, 246, 291–5, 302–6, 320, 333–5

  to Bedu, 243

  Sinai crossing, 259–60

  food-tray, 275

  at Dara’a, 282–95

  Hubert Young, 288

  personal bodyguard, 295–7

  M.31 (ship), 194

  Ma’an, 119

  Mack, John, 291, 334, 371

  Mafraq, attack on, 328–9

  malaria, 48, 64, 101–2, 141

  Mamluks, 53–4

  ibn Mansour, Muhsin, 160

  al-Mansur, Ahmad, 180

  bin Mansur, Ahmad, 165

  mapmaking, 123

  in Cairo, 131

  masculinity, idealization of, 25

  masochism, 17, 33, 107–8, 179, 332, 354, 370

  al-Masri, Aziz ‘Ali, 164, 318

  Mata’ab, 301

  Mather, H.E., 32, 46

  Maxwell, General Sir John, 133, 148

  McGee, Sergeant-Major, 359

  McMahon, Sir Hugh, 129, 137, 141, 144

  Hussain’s letter and, 140

  capture of Aqaba and, 228

  Mecca, 153

  Medforce, 137–8, 142

  medieval world, 27–8

  Medina, 215–17, 229

  Feisal at, 182

  Fakhri Pasha evacuates, 209

  Meinertzhagen, Richard, 292, 294

  Meissner Pasha, 124

  Mesopotamia, 128–49

  division of, 344

  Meyricke Exhibition, Jesus College, 39–40

  Mezerib, 326

  al-Mezra’a, attack at, 306

  Milli-Kurds, 105

  mines, 220

  at Mudahrij, 222–4

  near Mudowwara, 268–9

  at Kilometre 589, 276

  at Ramleh, 312

  at Nasib, 327

  at Kilometre 149, 328

  Mint, The (Lawrence), 350

  Miranshah, Afghanistan, 372

  al-Misri, Azia ‘Ali, 168

  Mohammad, Prophet, 53, 173

  Moreton cemetery, 377

  Morris, Jan, 21

  Morris, William Henry (Lord Nuffield), 21, 35, 43–4, 139

  Morrison, Walter, 101

  Mousa, Suleiman, 246, 305

  ibn Mubeiriq, Sheikh Hussain, 164, 175

&nb
sp; Mudahrij, Lawrence at, 222–4

  Mudowwara

  raid on, 254–72

  Lawrence’s choice of, 264

  attack on, 266–71

  al-Mukhlis, Maulud, 181, 183, 192

  Murphy, Lieutenant, 322

  Murray, Sir Archibald, 148–9, 169, 352

  Murray, Edward, 367

  Murray, General, 171, 189–90

  Feisal writing to, 195–6

  Aqaba and, 228

  Musil, Alois, 275

  Muttar, 154

  an-Nahabi, ‘Abdallah, 297

  Nahi Bey

  homosexual rape at Dara’a, 283–4

  as pederast, 285

  Nakhl Mubarak, battle at, 194–5

  Naqab ash-Shtar, 275

  Nasib, railway at, 327

  Nasir, Sharif, 334

  and attack on Aqaba, 231

  search for Gasim, 237

  and capture of Tafilah, 299–300

  Necho, Pharaoh, 81

  Nelson, Flight-Lieutenant, 362

  New, E.H., 61

  Newcombe, Captain Stewart, 115, 116, 118, 129, 132, 133, 138, 190

  Nicolson, Sir Harold, 19

  Nietzsche, 19

  Nineveh, excavation of, 23

  Nixon, Sir John, 143

  nobility, ideas of, 110

  Nuffield, Lord (William Henry Morris), 21, 35, 43–4, 139

  Nural-Bahr (ship), 209

  Obeyd, Sheikh, 176–8

  Ocampo, Victoria, 15, 16

  Odeh, Reverend Nasar, 61

  Odyssey, translation of, 374

  Officers’ Training Corps, Oxford University, 58

  ‘Old Man’, invention of, 367–71

  ‘Old Syria’, Lawrence and, 240

  Oman, Sir Charles, 41

  Operation Hedgehog, 263

  Orientalism, 112

  Othman (‘Farraj’)

  meets Lawrence, 232–4

  death of, 308–9

  Ottoman Empire

  beginning of end, 49

  entering war, 122

  war declared on Britain, 127

  Owen, Wilfred, 146

  Oxford, 21, 38–48, 55–60, 75–9

  family move to, 10

  Dahoum at, 109–11

  Hammoudi at, 109–11

  pain, fear of, 17–18

  Parker, Lieutenant-Colonel A.C., 141–2, 166, 172

  Peace Conference, Paris, 343–58

  Peake, Fred, 311, 321, 322

  Pearson, Major Hugh, 207

  Petra, 119

  Petrie, Professor Flinders, 59, 94

  Philby, St John, 350

  Pilgrim Road, 279

  Pirie-Gordon, Harry, 61

  Pisani, Captain, 263, 319, 324

  Poole, Reginald Lane, 41, 77

  Portrait of Gray (Scott Tuke), painting, 33

  press (media), 351

  printing, 44–5

  Prys-Jones, A.G., 41

  ‘Purity Campaign’, 9

  Qadesh Barnea, 116

  al-Qadi, Dakhilallah, 218–19, 221

  at Mudahrij, 223

  al-Qadi, Mohammad, 220

  al-Qadir, ‘Abd, 278

  desertion of, 279

  Qusayma, 115–16

  Raas Baalbek, 244, 246

  Rabegh, 164–5, 176, 196–8

  danger to, 168–9

  Rajputana (ship), 373

  rape, at Dara’a, 282–95

  ar-Rashid, Hirun, 53

  ibn Rashid, 136, 234

  Raswan, Carl, 245

  Raven (ship), 196

  Rawlinson, General, 123

  Reinach, Salomon, 78

  reverse exhibitionism, 43, 360

  Revolt in the Desert (Lawrence), 349

  Reynolds-Ball, E.A., 61

  Rhys, Sir John, 61, 72

  Richards, Vyvyan, 36, 42–4, 57, 114, 120

  and homosexuality, 233

  on Raas Baalbek visit, 246

  on cruelty, 333

  ‘Rightly Minded Caliphs’, 53

  ar-Rikabi, ‘Ali Ridha Pasha, 245, 337

  Robertson, General, 169, 260

  Rolfe, F.W., 26

  Rolls, S.C., 311, 322, 323

  Roots of the Mountains, The (Morris), 45–6

  Rosetta Stone, 80

  Ross, John Hume, Lawrence as, 359–60

  Ross, Major, 196

  Royal Air Force, 319, 359–66, 372, 375

  Royal Garrison Artillery, 32, 33

  Ruskin, John, 40, 55–6

  sadism, 332

  Safed, 63

  Safita, castle of, 67

  Sahyun, castle of, 67

  as-Sa’id, Mohammad, 339

  as-Sa’id, Nuri, 164, 315, 319, 322, 325, 338

  ibn Sa’ud, 136

  ibn Salem, Mohammad, 275

  Salih, Sheikh, 200

  Sannaiyat, battle at, 147

  Sardast, Rasim, 194, 210, 301

  Sargon the Assyrian, 81

  scars, claims of, 294–5

  Scott-Higgins, 321, 322

  Selim the Grim, Sultan, 54, 117

  Senussi, 164

  Seven Pillars of Wisdom (Lawrence), 167, 178, 179, 181, 211–12, 213

  ‘Ali and Othman in, 232

  and search for Gasim, 237

  and deception of Arabs, 241

  al-Bakri in, 242

  on Raas Baalbek visit, 246

  Sinai crossing in, 255

  and attack on Mudowwara, 267–8

  and rape at Dara’a, 282–95

  lying and truth in, 292–4

  and personal bodyguard, 296

  and Tafilah, 302

  writing of, 346–51

  sexual morals, ‘Purity Campaign’ and, 9

  ash-Sha’alan, Nuri, 227, 245, 317

  ash-Sha’alan, Trad, 324

  Shah, Jemadar Hassan, 279

  Shakir, Sharif, 218, 219–20

  Shallala (Lawrence’s Spring), 265

  Shararat, 154

  Sharraf, Sharif, 192

  Shaw, Charlotte, 17, 45, 56, 76, 247, 294, 295, 310, 361, 371

  Shaw, George Bernard, 37, 291, 349, 354, 362, 363

  Shaw, T.E., Lawrence as, 367

  Sidon, 64

  Simpson, Colin, 370

  Sinai, 115–27, 259–60

  traverse of, 254–60

  Slieve Foy (ship), 253

  Smith, George, 78, 80

  Snow, John, 29

  socialism, 78

  speed, importance of, 374

  sporting prowess, role of, 24–5

  Staples, George, 335

  Stevenson, Robert Louis, 9

  Stewart, Desmond, 76

  Stirling, Major Frank, 255, 272

  and rape at Dara’a, 285

  at Dara’a, 336

  St Martin’s Church, Wareham, 377

  Stones of Venice, The (Ruskin), 40

  Storrs, Ronald, 35, 129, 168–70, 172–3, 291

  ‘Abdallah and, 126

  relationship with Lawrence, 133–4

  Hussain’s letter and, 140

  and cowardice of Bedu, 195

  Strange Case of Dr jekyll and Mr Hyde, The (Stevenson), 9

  Suez Canal, 115, 126, 134

  Jamal Pasha’s attack on, 138

  suicide, 372

  Sulayman the Magnificent, 54

  Swann, Air Vice-Marshal Sir Oliver, 364

  Swinburne, Algernon, 76

  Sydney Smith, Clare, 27, 42, 56, 347

  Sykes-Picot agreement, 143, 210, 240, 245, 317, 343

  Syria

  and Oxford, 55–74

  and Britain, 109–114

  division of, 344

  Tafas

  massacre at, 313–14, 330–34

  in Seven Pillars, 333

  Tafilah, 299–310

  Ta’if, 160–62

  Taleb, Sayid, 145

  Tel Ahmar, 90

  Tel ash-Shahm, 310–12

  Tel ash-Shehab

  attack on, 278–9, 279–81

  bridge at, 326–7<
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  Tennyson, Alfred Lord, 28

  Thesiger, Wilfred

  on homosexuality, 233–4

  on cruelty, 332

  Thomas, Lowell, 241, 354

  lecturing on Lawrence, 351–2

  Tigris Corps, 147

  Towayha, as raiders, 226–7

  Townshend, Major-General Sir

  Charles, 143, 148

  Trenchard, Lord, 359, 360

  as father-figure, 14

  Tuke, Henry Scott, 26, 33

  Turkey, coup d’état in, 49

  Twenty-Seven Articles (Lawrence), 208

  al-‘Ula, assault on, 229 ‘Umayyads, 53

  Umm Surab, 327

  Umm Tayeh, 322, 323

  Uranians, 26, 233

  Urfa, 69–71

  ‘Utayba, 154

  Vehib Bey, 124, 136

  vengeance, Bedu and, 154

  Vickery, Major Charles, 199, 201–2

  and capture of Aqaba, 228

  Victoria Cross, 247

  Vilayet system, 123–4

  von Stotzingen, Baron Othmar, 157

  Wadi ‘Ais, 204–25

  Wadi Hafira, 273

  Wadi Hamdh, 204–25

  Wadi Ithm, 118

  Wadi Khitan, shooting at, 211–14

  Wadi Musa, 299

  Wadi Rum, Lawrence at, 265

  Wadi Safra, capture of, 191

  Wahid, Haj, 81, 92, 93, 94, 97, 104–5

  and malaria, 101

  Wasta, 180

  Wavell, A.P., 298

  Wejh, 189–203

  Wemyss, Admiral, 189–90, 199, 202

  ‘White Man’s Burden’, 86, 112

  White, Stephen, 287

  Who’s Who, Lawrence in, 352

  Wilde, Oscar, 26–7

  Wilderness of Zin, The (Lawrence and

  Woolley), 122

  will-power, 16

  Williams, A.T.P., 42, 46

  Williamson, Henry, 375, 376

  Wilson, Lieutenant-Colonel Cyril, 165, 168–70

  and attack on Aqaba, 231

  Wilson, Jeremy, 76, 291, 296

  rape at Dara’a and, 297–8

  Wilson, President, 345

  Wingate, Sir Reginald, 133, 159, 165, 189–90

  Winterton, Lord, 319, 328–9

  With Lawrence in Arabia (Thomas), 372

  Wood, Lieutenant, 277

  Wool Hospital, 377

  Woolley, Leonard, 39, 84, 86, 95–6, 105, 106, 115, 121, 132, 138, 208

  as director at Carchemish, 93

  at Birejik, 100

  Yahya, Imam, 136

  Yanbu’, and Wejh, 189–203

  Yarmuk operation, and Dara’a

  incident, 273–98

  Yeats-Brown, Francis, 37

  Yells, Sergeant, 264, 269, 270–71, 271

  Young Turks’ revolution, 49–54

  Young, Captain Hubert, 111, 145, 162, 292, 297

  lying and truth about, 288

  as understudy of Lawrence, 315

  quarrel with Lawrence, 316, 322, 324

  and train explosions, 326

  and honours, 343

  Younghusband, General, 147

  Zaki Bey, 183

  Zakkari, Ahmad, 121

  Zayd, Sharif, 164–5, 191, 300, 306–7, 344

  Table of Contents

  Cover

  ABOUT THE AUTHOR

  Title Page

  Copyright Page

  CONTENTS

  LIST OF PLATES

  LIST OF MAPS

 

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