A Different Day
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in defense industries, 115, 119, 125
Walker, Lee, 34
Walker, Tommy, 34
Ward, Mary, 162, 179
War on Poverty, 176, 201–4, 211, 274 (n. 84)
War veterans, black, 82, 145–46, 150–51, 153, 171, 192, 266 (n. 16)
Washington, Booker T., 51, 76–77, 231 (n. 28)
Washington Parish, La., 2, 3, 32, 37, 52, 57, 59–60, 151, 228 (n. 61), 236–37 (n. 45)
Watson, T. J., 78
Webster Parish, La., 2, 34, 93
Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 61
West, E. Gordon, 198
West Baton Rouge Parish, La., 53, 135, 148
West Feliciana Parish, La., 2, 3; black activism in, 1, 23, 46, 47, 55, 59, 79, 80, 107, 111–12, 164, 165, 177, 182, 183–85, 186–87, 189, 193, 195, 198, 199–200, 201, 266 (n. 16);
political and economic conditions in, 23, 30, 33, 35, 36, 38, 92, 93, 111, 148, 152, 164, 165, 179–80, 185, 186–88, 208, 209, 211, 236 (n. 45)
Whatley, Alberta, 182, 191
Whatley, David, 182, 191
Whatley, Mary. See Boyd, Mary
White, Marion Overton, 203
White, Walter, 75
White Citizens’ Councils, 167, 168–69, 173, 185, 203
White Louisianans: and economic reprisals, 5, 9, 16, 38, 86, 102, 105, 111, 152, 153, 158, 179–81, 182, 186–87, 265 (n. 10); economic and political dominance of, 5–6, 11, 19–40, 52, 59, 94, 162–63, 176, 210–12;
opposition to black civil rights, 9, 16, 68, 81–82, 83–84, 130–32, 137–39, 143, 156–57, 158, 159–60, 161, 162–63, 167–70, 181, 182, 183, 184–88, 189–91, 192, 194, 199–200, 202–4, 208–10, 268–69 (n. 31);
racial ideologies of, 23–24, 45, 54, 65, 69, 77, 80–81, 82, 93–94, 101, 104, 127–28, 129–30, 132, 137–38, 145, 165, 166–67, 169–70, 249 (n. 85), 268 (n. 31);
support for freedom struggle, 31–32, 34, 162, 163–64. See also Plantation owners; Poor white people
White northerners: and black civil rights, 15, 17, 143, 145, 173–74, 176, 177–78, 187, 204, 207, 211; and black education, 15, 50–51;
and economic development of Louisiana, 16, 20–22, 28, 148–49, 221–22 (nn. 5, 7), 257 (n. 14)
White primary, 142, 161
White supremacy, 5–6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 143, 144, 145, 174, 207, 210, 221 (n. 5), 257 (n. 14). See also Political activism, black; White Louisianans
Wilkins, Roy, 206
Wilkinson, A. A., 211
Williams, Aubrey, 92
Williams, Martin, 34, 36, 51–52, 88, 89, 90, 152, 153, 161, 173, 190, 206, 212, 230 (n. 23)
Williams, Moses, 33, 40, 85, 153, 205, 206
Williams, Robert, 171
Willis, James, 46
Wilson, Isom, 60
Wilson, Jerome, 57–58, 59–60
Wilson, John, 57
Wilson, Ophelia, 60
Wilson, W. W., 180, 203
Wilson, William, 45
Wilson, Woodrow, 82
Wims, Bernice, 19–20
Windon, Nora, 144
Winnfield, La., 165
Winn Parish, La., 76, 86, 149
Women, black: as activists, 9, 15, 100–101, 107, 127, 128, 129, 153, 162, 182–83, 189, 190, 201–2; in labor force, 26, 27, 93, 94, 134, 153;
literacy of, 101, 243–44 (n. 44);
in U.S. armed forces, 119, 127, 128, 251 (n. 11). See also Domestic workers
Women's Army Corp (WAC), 119, 128, 251 (n. 11)
Women's Auxiliary Army Corp (WAAC). See Women's Army Corp
Woods, Delos C., 57, 58
Woods, Thomas, 92
Woodside, La., 110, 111
Work, 90
Working-class black people: as activists, 5–9, 17, 18, 41–45, 86, 87, 97, 116, 126–27, 129, 153, 155, 164–65, 167, 173–74, 181, 182, 190, 197–98, 211, 219 (nn. 2, 7); living and working conditions of, 22–24, 38, 130–32, 149, 150, 196, 211–12. See also Agricultural workers
Work-or-fight orders, 71, 74–75, 83, 135
Works Progress Administration (WPA), 87, 90–91, 92, 93–94, 95–96, 119, 130
World War I, 4, 64–77, 117, 146, 236 (n. 43)
World War II: and postwar freedom struggle, 4, 9, 143, 144, 145–51, 155, 171; economic impact of, 8–9, 20, 114–15, 118–19, 122–24, 130–32, 135–37, 245 (n. 59), 251 (n. 13);
black activism during, 116–17, 118–19, 124–29, 139–41, 206
Wright, J. Skelly, 169
Wyche, Zelma, 1, 2, 153, 179, 205, 208
Yerger, Andrew, 36
Young, A. Z., 1, 146
Young, Charlie, 92
Youth, black: as activists, 9, 55, 100, 153, 172–73, 177–78, 180, 181–82, 189, 190, 194, 198–99, 264–65 (n. 2), 271–72 (n. 57); in labor force, 26, 134, 153, 226 (n. 36). See also Education, black
Zimmerman, La., 165
Zippert, John, 179, 200