204. Hall, J. A., D. L. Roter, and N. R. Katz. “Meta-Analysis of Correlates of Provider Behavior in Medical Encounters.” Medical Care 26, no. 7 (July, 1988): 657-75.
205. Slepian, Michael L., and James N. Kirby. “To Whom Do We Confide Our Secrets?” Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 44, no. 7 (July, 2018): 1008-23.
206. Hibbard, Judith H., Jean Stockard, Eldon R. Mahoney, and Martin Tusler. “Development of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM): Conceptualizing and Measuring Activation in Patients and Consumers.” Health Services Research 39, no. 4 pt. 1 (August, 2004): 1005-26.
207. Hibbard, Judith H., and Jessica Greene. “What the Evidence Shows About Patient Activation: Better Health Outcomes and Care Experiences; Fewer Data on Costs.” Health Affairs 32, no. 2 (February, 2013): 207-14.
208. Heszen-Klemens, I., and E. Lapinska. “Doctor-Patient Interaction, Patients’ Health Behavior and Effects of Treatment.” Social Science & Medicine 19, no. 1 (1984): 9-18.
209. Howie, J. G., D. J. Heaney, M. Maxwell, J. J. Walker, G. K. Freeman, and H. Rai. “Quality at General Practice Consultations: Cross Sectional Survey.” BMJ 319, no. 7212 (September 18, 1999): 738-43.
210. Bikker, Annemieke P., Stewart W. Mercer, and David Reilly. “A Pilot Prospective Study on the Consultation and Relational Empathy, Patient Enablement, and Health Changes over 12 Months in Patients Going to the Glasgow Homoeopathic Hospital.” Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 11, no. 4 (August, 2005): 591-600.
211. Mercer, Stewart W., Bhautesh D. Jani, Margaret Maxwell, Samuel Y. S. Wong, and Graham C. M. Watt. “Patient Enablement Requires Physician Empathy: A Cross-Sectional Study of General Practice Consultations in Areas of High and Low Socioeconomic Deprivation in Scotland.” BMC Family Practice 13 (February 8, 2012): 6.
212. Bordin, Edward S. The Generalizability of the Psychoanalytic Concept of the Working Alliance. Vol. 16, 1979.
213. Fuertes, Jairo N., Laura S. Boylan, and Jessie A. Fontanella. “Behavioral Indices in Medical Care Outcome: The Working Alliance, Adherence, and Related Factors.” Journal of General Internal Medicine 24, no. 1 (January, 2009): 80-5.
214. Bennett, Jennifer K., Jairo N. Fuertes, Merle Keitel, and Robert Phillips. “The Role of Patient Attachment and Working Alliance on Patient Adherence, Satisfaction, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Lupus Treatment.” Patient Education and Counseling 85, no. 1 (October, 2011): 53-9.
215. Francis, V., B. M. Korsch, and M. J. Morris. “Gaps in Doctor-Patient Communication. Patients’ Response to Medical Advice.” New England Journal of Medicine 280, no. 10 (March 6, 1969): 535-40.
216. Kerse, Ngaire, Stephen Buetow, Arch G. Mainous III, Gregory Young, Gregor Coster, and Bruce Arroll. “Physician-Patient Relationship and Medication Compliance: A Primary Care Investigation.” Annals of Family Medicine 2, no. 5 (September-October, 2004): 455-61.
217. Mahmoudian, Ahmad, Ahmadreza Zamani, Neda Tavakoli, Ziba Farajzadegan, and Fariba Fathollahi-Dehkordi. “Medication Adherence in Patients with Hypertension: Does Satisfaction with Doctor-Patient Relationship Work?” Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 22 (2017): 48.
218. Kahn, Katherine L., Eric C. Schneider, Jennifer L. Malin, John L. Adams, and Arnold M. Epstein. “Patient Centered Experiences in Breast Cancer: Predicting Long-Term Adherence to Tamoxifen Use.” Medical Care 45, no. 5 (May, 2007): 431-9.
219. O’Malley, Ann S., Christopher B. Forrest, and Jeanne Mandelblatt. “Adherence of Low-Income Women to Cancer Screening Recommendations.” Journal of General Internal Medicine 17, no. 2 (February, 2002): 144-54.
220. Frankl, Viktor. Man’s Search for Meaning. Boston: Beacon Press, 1959.
221. Cohen, Randy, Chirag Bavishi, and Alan Rozanski. “Purpose in Life and Its Relationship to All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Events: A Meta-Analysis.” Psychosomatic Medicine 78, no. 2 (February-March, 2016): 122-33.
222. McKnight, Patrick E., and Todd B. Kashdan. “Purpose in Life as a System That Creates and Sustains Health and Well-Being: An Integrative, Testable Theory.” Review of General Psychology 13, no. 3 (2009): 242-51.
223. Hill, Patrick L., and Nicholas A. Turiano. “Purpose in Life as a Predictor of Mortality across Adulthood.” Psychological Science 25, no. 7 (Jul 2014): 1482-6.
224. Kim, Eric S., Jennifer K. Sun, Nansook Park, and Christopher Peterson. “Purpose in Life and Reduced Incidence of Stroke in Older Adults: ‘The Health and Retirement Study’.” Journal of Psychosomatic Research 74, no. 5 (May, 2013): 427-32.
225. Kim, Eric S., Jennifer K. Sun, Nansook Park, Laura D. Kubzansky, and Christopher Peterson. “Purpose in Life and Reduced Risk of Myocardial Infarction among Older U.S. Adults with Coronary Heart Disease: A Two-Year Follow-Up.” Journal of Behavioral Medicine 36, no. 2 (April, 2013): 124-33.
226. Kim, Eric S., Ichiro Kawachi, Ying Chen, and Laura D. Kubzansky. “Association between Purpose in Life and Objective Measures of Physical Function in Older Adults.” JAMA Psychiatry 74, no. 10 (October 1, 2017): 1039-45.
227. Kim, Eric S., Shelley D. Hershner, and Victor J Strecher. “Purpose in Life and Incidence of Sleep Disturbances.” Journal of Behavioral Medicine 38, no. 3 (June, 2015): 590-7.
228. Kim, Eric S., Victor J. Strecher, and Carol D. Ryff. “Purpose in Life and Use of Preventive Health Care Services.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111, no. 46 (November 18, 2014): 16331-6.
229. Long, P., M. Abrams, A. Milstein, G. Anderson, K. Lewis Apton, M. Lund Dahlberg, and D. Whicher. Effective Care for High-Need Patients: Opportunities for Improving Outcomes, Value, and Health. Washington, DC: National Academy of Medicine, 2017.
230. McCarthy, Douglas, Jamie Ryan, and Sarah Klein. “Models of Care for High-Need, High-Cost Patients: An Evidence Synthesis.” Commonwealth Fund 31, no. 1843 (2015).
231. Gawande, Atul. “The Hot Spotters: Can We Lower Medical Costs by Giving the Neediest Patients Better Care?” New Yorker, January 24, 2011, 40-51.
232. National Institute for Health Care Management. “The Concentration of U.S. Health Care Spending.” Published online 2017.
233. National Academy of Medicine. “Crossing the Quality Chasm: The IOM Health Care Quality Initiative.” news release, 2018, http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/Global/News%20Announcements/Crossing-the-Quality-Chasm-The-IOM-Health-Care-Quality-Initiative.aspx.
234. Batson, C. Daniel, Bruce D. Duncan, Paula Ackerman, Terese Buckley, and Kimberly Birch. “Is Empathic Emotion a Source of Altruistic Motivation?” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 40, no. 2 (1981): 290-302.
235. Toi, Miho, and C. Daniel Batson. “More Evidence That Empathy Is a Source of Altruistic Motivation.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 43, no. 2 (1982): 281-92.
236. West, Colin P., Angelina D. Tan, Thomas M. Habermann, Jeff A. Sloan, and Tait D. Shanafelt. “Association of Resident Fatigue and Distress with Perceived Medical Errors.” JAMA 302, no. 12 (September 23, 2009): 1294-300.
237. West, Colin P., Mashele M. Huschka, Paul J. Novotny, Jeff A. Sloan, Joseph C. Kolars, Thomas M Habermann, and Tait D. Shanafelt. “Association of Perceived Medical Errors with Resident Distress and Empathy: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.” JAMA 296, no. 9 (September 6, 2006): 1071-8.
238. Shanafelt, Tait D., Katharine A. Bradley, Joyce E. Wipf, and Anthony L. Back. “Burnout and Self-Reported Patient Care in an Internal Medicine Residency Program.” Annals of Internal Medicine 136, no. 5 (March 5, 2002): 358-67.
239. Shanafelt, Tait D., Charles M. Balch, Gerald Bechamps, Tom Russell, Lotte Dyrbye, Daniel Satele, Paul Collicott, et al. “Burnout and Medical Errors among American Surgeons.” Annals of Surgery 251, no. 6 (June, 2010): 995-1000.
240. Welp, Annalena, Laurenz L. Meier, and Tanja Manser. “The Interplay between Teamwork, Clinicians’ Emotional Exhaustion, and Clinician-Rated Patient Safety: A Longitudinal Study.” Critical Care 20, no. 1 (April 19, 2016): 110.
241. Dasan, Sunil, Poonam Gohil, Victoria
Cornelius, and Cath Taylor. “Prevalence, Causes and Consequences of Compassion Satisfaction and Compassion Fatigue in Emergency Care: A Mixed-Methods Study of UK NHS Consultants.” Emergency Medicine Journal 32, no. 8 (August, 2015): 588-94.
242. Sokol-Hessner, Lauge, Patricia Folcarelli, and Kenneth E. Sands. “The Practice of Respect.” NEJM Catalyst, June 23, 2016.
243. Sokol-Hessner, Lauge, Patricia Henry Folcarelli, and Kenneth E. F. Sands. “Emotional Harm from Disrespect: The Neglected Preventable Harm.” BMJ Quality & Safety 24, no. 9 (September, 2015): 550-3.
244. Casalino, Lawrence P., David Gans, Rachel Weber, Meagan Cea, Amber Tuchovsky, Tara F. Bishop, Yesenia Miranda, et al. “US Physician Practices Spend More Than $15.4 Billion Annually to Report Quality Measures.” Health Affairs 35, no. 3 (March, 2016): 401-6.
245. Masso Guijarro, P., J. M. Aranaz Andres, J. J. Mira, E. Perdiguero, and C. Aibar. “Adverse Events in Hospitals: The Patient’s Point of View.” Quality & Safety in Health Care 19, no. 2 (April, 2010): 144-7.
246. Kuzel, Anton J., Steven H. Woolf, Valerie J. Gilchrist, John D. Engel, Thomas A. LaVeist, Charles Vincent, and Richard M. Frankel. “Patient Reports of Preventable Problems and Harms in Primary Health Care.” Annals of Family Medicine 2, no. 4 (July-August, 2004): 333-40.
247. Ruben, Brent D. “What Patients Remember: A Content Analysis of Critical Incidents in Health Care.” Health Communication 5, no. 2 (1993): 99-112.
248. Jackman, Tom. “Anesthesiologist Trashes Sedated Patient - and It Ends up Costing Her.” Washington Post, June 23, 2015.
249. Burack, J. H., D. M. Irby, J. D. Carline, R. K. Root, and E. B. Larson. “Teaching Compassion and Respect. Attending Physicians’ Responses to Problematic Behaviors.” Journal of General Internal Medicine 14, no. 1 (January, 1999): 49-55.
250. Ogle, Jessica, John A. Bushnell, and Peter Caputi. “Empathy Is Related to Clinical Competence in Medical Care.” Medical Education 47, no. 8 (August, 2013): 824-31.
251. van Vliet, Liesbeth M., Elsken van der Wall, Akke Albada, Peter M. M. Spreeuwenberg, William Verheul, and Jozien M. Bensing. “The Validity of Using Analogue Patients in Practitioner-Patient Communication Research: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Journal of General Internal Medicine 27, no. 11 (November, 2012): 1528-43.
252. Kraft-Todd, Gordon T., Diego A. Reinero, John M. Kelley, Andrea S. Heberlein, Lee Baer, and Helen Riess. “Empathic Nonverbal Behavior Increases Ratings of Both Warmth and Competence in a Medical Context.” PLOS One 12, no. 5 (2017): e0177758.
253. Chau, V. M., J. T. Engeln, S. Axelrath, S. J. Khatter, R. Kwon, M. A. Melton, M. C. Reinsvold, et al. “Beyond the Chief Complaint: Our Patients’ Worries.” Journal of Medical Humanities 38, no. 4 (December, 2017): 541-47.
254. Chau, Mimi. Personal communication to Stephen Trzeciak, December 1, 2017.
255. “NHE Projections 2017-2026 - Forecast Summary.” Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Updated August 1, 2018, accessed November 14, 2018, https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/Downloads/ForecastSummary.pdf.
256. Walker, Joseph. “Why Americans Spend So Much on Health Care-in 12 Charts.” Wall Street Journal, July 31, 2018.
257. Sakowski, Julie Ann, James G. Kahn, Richard G. Kronick, Jeffrey M. Newman, and Harold S. Luft. “Peering into the Black Box: Billing and Insurance Activities in a Medical Group.” Health Affairs 28, no. 4 (July-August, 2009): w544-54.
258. Kahn, James G., Richard Kronick, Mary Kreger, and David N. Gans. “The Cost of Health Insurance Administration in California: Estimates for Insurers, Physicians, and Hospitals.” Health Affairs 24, no. 6 (November-December, 2005): 1629-39.
259. “How Has U.S. Spending on Healthcare Changed over Time?” The Peterson Center on Healthcare and the Kaiser Family Foundation, Updated December 20, 2017, accessed November 14, 2018, https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/chart-collection/u-s-spending-healthcare-changed-time/#item-administrative-costs-risen-time-recently-moderated_2017.
260. “50 of the Most Powerful People in Healthcare.” Becker’s Hospital Review. Updated January 3, 2014, accessed November 14, 2018, https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/lists/50-of-the-most-powerful-people-in-healthcare-2013.html.
261. Brill, Stephen. “Bitter Pill: Why Medical Bills Are Killing Us.” Time, March 4, 2013.
262. “NHE Fact Sheet.” Centers for Medical & Medicaid Services. Updated December 6, 2018, accessed November 14, 2018, https://www.cms.gov/research-statistics-data-and-systems/statistics-trends-and-reports/nationalhealthexpenddata/nhe-fact-sheet.html.
263. Comlossy, Megan, and Jacob Walden. “Silver Tsunami.” State Legislatures, Vol. 39. No. 10. December 2013. pg. 14-19.
264. Smith, Mark, Robert Saunders, Leigh Stuckhardt, and J. Michael McGinnis, eds. Best Care at Lower Cost: The Path to Continuously Learning Health Care in America. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2013.
265. “Federal Subsidies for Health Insurance Coverage for People Under Age 65: 2017 to 2027.” Congressional Budget Office. September 14, 2017.
266. Barnett, Jessica C., and Marina S. Vornovitsky. “Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2015.” Washington, DC: Census Bureau.
267. Pugh, Tony. “Family Health Costs Outpace Inflation and Wage Growth.” McClatchy. Published electronically September 15, 2009.
268. Bannow, Tara. “Not-for-Profit Hospital Downgrades Surged in 2017.” Modern Healthcare. Published electronically March 6, 2018.
269. Moody’s Investors Service. “Moody’s - US NFP & Public Hospitals’ Annual Medians Show Expense Growth Topping Revenues for Second Year.” news release, August 28, 2018, https://www.moodys.com/research/Moodys-US-NFP-public-hospitals-annual-medians-show-expense-growth--PBM_1139331.
270. “What Is Patient Experience?” Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Updated March 2017, accessed November 14, 2018, http://www.ahrq.gov/cahps/about-cahps/patient-experience/index.html.
271. “About Z.” accessed November 14, 2018, https://zdoggmd.com/about-z/.
272. ZDoggMD. “Doc Vader Vs. Patient Satisfaction Scores.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jjCu4nxOHlQ: YouTube, 2016.
273. Betts, David, Andreea Balan-Cohen, Maulesh Shukla, and Navneet Kumar. “The Value of Patient Experience: Hospitals with Better Patient-Reported Experience Perform Better Financially.” Washington, DC: Deloitte Center for Health Solutions, 2016.
274. McClelland, Laura E., and Timothy J. Vogus. “Compassion Practices and HCAHPS: Does Rewarding and Supporting Workplace Compassion Influence Patient Perceptions?” Health Services Research 49, no. 5 (October, 2014): 1670-83.
275. Gregoire, Carolyn. “The Amazing Way This Hospital Is Fighting Physician Burnout.” Huffington Post. Published electronically December 12, 2013.
276. Stone, Susan B. “Code Lavender: A Tool for Staff Support.” Nursing 48, no. 4 (April, 2018): 15-17.
277. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. “Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Fact Sheet.” edited by Medicare Learning Network, 2017. https://www.cms.gov/Outreach-and-Education/Medicare-Learning-Network-MLN/MLNProducts/downloads/Hospital_VBPurchasing_Fact_Sheet_ICN907664.pdf.
278. Trzeciak, Stephen, John P. Gaughan, Joshua Bosire, Mark Angelo, Adam S. Holzberg, and Anthony J. Mazzarelli. “Association between Medicare Star Ratings for Patient Experience and Medicare Spending Per Beneficiary for US Hospitals.” Journal of Patient Experience 4, no. 1 (March, 2017): 17-21.
279. “Doctors’ Interpersonal Skills Are Valued More Than Training.” Wall Street Journal, September 28, 2004.
280. Wen, Leana S., and Suhavi Tucker. “What Do People Want from Their Health Care? A Qualitative Study.” Journal for Participatory Medicine 7, no. 10 (June 18, 2015).
281. Healthgrades. “Patient Sentiment Report: An Analysis of 7 Million Physician Reviews.” 2018. https://www.healthgrades.com/content/patient-sentiment-report.
282. Menendez, Mariano E., Neal C. Chen, Chaitanya S. Mudgal, Jesse B.
Jupiter, and David Ring. “Physician Empathy as a Driver of Hand Surgery Patient Satisfaction.” Journal of Hand Surgery 40, no. 9 (September, 2015): 1860-5 e2.
283. Hojat, Mohammadreza, Daniel Z. Louis, Kaye Maxwell, Fred W. Markham, Richard C. Wender, and Joseph S. Gonnella. “A Brief Instrument to Measure Patients’ Overall Satisfaction with Primary Care Physicians.” Family Medicine 43, no. 6 (June, 2011): 412-7.
284. Comstock, L. M., E. M. Hooper, J. M. Goodwin, and J. S. Goodwin. “Physician Behaviors That Correlate with Patient Satisfaction.” Journal of Medical Education 57, no. 2 (February, 1982): 105-12.
285. HealthTap. “Survey Reveals 85 Percent of Patients Choose Compassion over Pricing When Choosing a Doctor.” news release, February 6, 2018, https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180206005704/en/Survey-Reveals-85-Percent-Patients-Choose-Compassion.
286. Van Den Bos, Jill, Karan Rustagi, Travis Gray, Michael Halford, Eva Ziemkiewicz, and Jonathan Shreve. “The $17.1 Billion Problem: The Annual Cost of Measurable Medical Errors.” Health Affairs 30, no. 4 (April, 2011): 596-603.
287. Shreve, Jon, Jill Van Den Bos, Travis Gray, Michael Halford, Karan Rustagi, and Eva Ziemkiewicz. “The Economic Measurement of Medical Errors.” Society of Actuaries, 2012.
288. Andel, Charles, Stephen L. Davidow, Mark Hollander, and David A. Moreno. “The Economics of Health Care Quality and Medical Errors.” Journal of Health Care Finance 39, no. 1 (Fall 2012): 39-50.
289. Stewart, M., J. B. Brown, A. Donner, I. R. McWhinney, J. Oates, W. W. Weston, and J. Jordan. “The Impact of Patient-Centered Care on Outcomes.” Journal of Family Practice 49, no. 9 (September, 2000): 796-804.
290. Bertakis, Klea D., and Rahman Azari. “Patient-Centered Care Is Associated with Decreased Health Care Utilization.” Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 24, no. 3 (May-June, 2011): 229-39.
291. Epstein, Ronald M., Peter Franks, Cleveland G. Shields, Sean C. Meldrum, Katherine N. Miller, Thomas L. Campbell, and Kevin Fiscella. “Patient-Centered Communication and Diagnostic Testing.” Annals of Family Medicine 3, no. 5 (September-October, 2005): 415-21.
Compassionomics Page 38