Grant

by Ron Chernow

  67. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 25.

  68. GPL. S2 B24 F16. “Interview with Lieutenant Frank Parker.” HGP.

  69. LoC. USGP. Series 4, Vol. 6. Original manuscript of Grant’s Memoirs.

  70. Grant, Memoirs, 1:390.

  71. GPL. S2 B4 F10. Letter from N. P. Banks to his wife, September 5, 1863.

  72. Ibid. Letter from W. B. Franklin to George B. McClellan, February 4, 1864.

  73. Ibid. S2 B12 F22. “Mark Twain.” Letter from Samuel Clemens to Henry Ward Beecher, September 11, 1885.

  74. Ibid. S2 B4 F10. Letter from Gen. William B. Franklin to William F. Smith, December 28, 1863. WFSP.

  75. Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 117.

  76. PUSG, 9:475. Letter from John A. Rawlins to Mary E. Hurlbut, November 17, 1863.

  77. Eaton, Grant, Lincoln and the Freedmen, 107.

  78. Catton, Never Call Retreat, 246.

  79. GPL. S2 B13 F38. “James H. Wilson Journal.” Letter from Charles A. Dana to Edwin Stanton, September 20, 1863.

  80. Richardson, A Personal History, 262.

  81. PUSG, 9:298. Letter from Brig. Gen. John A. Rawlins to Mary E. Hurlbut, November 23, 1863.

  82. McPherson, Tried by War, 196.

  83. Foote, The Civil War, 2:747.

  84. PUSG, 9:274. Letter from Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, October 4, 1863.

  85. Foote, The Civil War, 2:782.

  86. Stahr, Seward, 379.

  87. Ibid.

  88. Grant, Memoirs, 1:391.

  89. Eaton, Grant, Lincoln and the Freedmen, 115.

  90. GPL. S2 B13 F38. “James H. Wilson Journal.” Letter from Charles A. Dana to Edwin Stanton, September 27, 1863.

  91. Foote, The Civil War, 2:767.

  92. PUSG, 9:298. Letter from Brig. Gen. John A. Rawlins to Mary E. Hurlbut, November 23, 1863.

  93. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 226.

  94. Carnegie, Autobiography, 106.

  95. Donald, Lincoln, 186.

  96. Foote, The Civil War, 1:244.

  97. Ibid., 2:630.

  98. “Grant Reminiscences.” Chicago Daily Tribune, September 1, 1885.

  99. PUSG, 15:46. “Testimony,” May 18, 1865. Before the Committee on the Conduct of the War.

  100. Grant, Memoirs, 2:749.

  101. Young, Around the World, 334.

  102. Grant, Memoirs, 2:404.

  103. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 34.

  104. Ibid.

  105. Grant, Memoirs, 2:409.

  106. Ibid.

  107. GPL. S2 B21 F16. Letter from Brig. Gen. John A. Rawlins to Mary E. Hurlbut, October 18, 1863.

  108. Nevins and Thomas, The Diary of George Templeton Strong, 3:366. Diary entry for October 22, 1863.

  109. Brooks, Lincoln Observed, 72.

  110. PUSG, 12:329. Telegram to Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, October 20, 1864, and 11:125–26, telegram from Assistant Secretary of War Charles A. Dana to Abraham Lincoln, July 1, 1864.

  111. Grant, Memoirs, 2:410.

  112. Missouri Democrat, November 3, 1863.

  113. McFeely, Grant, 143.

  114. Perret, Ulysses S. Grant, 274.

  115. Young, Around the World, 298.

  116. Grant, Memoirs, 2:410.

  117. McFeely, Grant, 144.

  118. USGH. “Interview with Oliver Otis Howard.”

  119. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 228.

  120. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 38.

  121. White, American Ulysses, 297.

  122. PUSG, 9:317. Letter from Surgeon Edward D. Kittoe to Julia Dent Grant, October 24, 1863.

  123. Ibid., 317–18.

  CHAPTER FIFTEEN: ABOVE THE CLOUDS

  1. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 6.

  2. Wilson, Rawlins, 166.

  3. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 14–15.

  4. Ibid., 5.

  5. Dana, Recollections of the Civil War, 124.

  6. PUSG, 13:291. Letter to Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, January 21, 1865; Young, Around the World, 303.

  7. Young, Around the World, 304.

  8. Smith, From Chattanooga to Petersburg, 8.

  9. Foote, The Civil War, 2:804.

  10. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 7.

  11. Wilson and Simon, Ulysses S. Grant, 100.

  12. The St. Louis Globe-Democrat, April 27, 1897.

  13. Foote, The Civil War, 2:811.

  14. PUSG, 9:335. Telegram to Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, October 28, 1863.

  15. Catton, Never Call Retreat, 259.

  16. Grant, Memoirs, 2:449.

  17. Foote, The Civil War, 1:567.

  18. PUSG, 9:396. Letter to Julia Dent Grant, November 14, 1863.

  19. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 63.

  20. Sherman, Memoirs, 387.

  21. Smith, “Holocaust Holiday.”

  22. Smith, Grant, 269.

  23. GPL. S2 B14 F5. “James H. Wilson–Adam Badeau.” Letter from James H. Wilson to Adam Badeau, November 21, 1863.

  24. Dana, Recollections of the Civil War, 74.

  25. Smith, “Holocaust Holiday.”

  26. USGH. “Interview with W. W. Smith.” HGP.

  27. PUSG, 9:218. Letter to Elihu B. Washburne, August 30, 1863.

  28. Ibid., 475–76. Letter from Brig. Gen. John A. Rawlins, November 17, 1863.

  29. GPL. S2 B21 F16. Letter from John A. Rawlins to Mary Emma Hurlbut, November 10, 1863. LLP.

  30. Ibid.

  31. Ibid.

  32. PUSG, 9:476. Telegram from Maj. Gen. David Hunter to Edwin M. Stanton, December 14, 1863.

  33. Ibid., 413. Letter to Col. John Riggin Jr., November 18, 1863.

  34. Ibid., 428. Telegram to Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, November 21, 1863.

  35. Ibid.

  36. Foreman, A World on Fire, 562.

  37. PUSG, 9:443. Letter to Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas, November 24, 1863.

  38. Catton, Never Call Retreat, 67.

  39. Marszalek, Commander of All Lincoln’s Armies, 165.

  40. Grant, Memoirs, 2:771.

  41. Ibid., 441.

  42. Foreman, A World on Fire, 56.

  43. PUSG, 9:491. Letter to Elihu B. Washburne, December 2, 1863.

  44. New York Herald, July 24, 1878.

  45. New York Tribune, August 22, 1878.

  46. Foote, The Civil War, 2:850.

  47. PUSG, 29:262. Grenville M. Dodge, conversation with Grant, October 27, 1882.

  48. Ibid., 9:434. Telegram to Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, November 23, 1863.

  49. Foreman, A World on Fire, 563.

  50. PUSG, 9:561. Letter to Col. John C. Kelton, December 23, 1863.

  51. Smith, “Holocaust Holiday.”

  52. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 680.

  53. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 83.

  54. Foote, The Civil War, 2:854.

  55. Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 151.

  56. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 242.

  57. PUSG, 9:563. Letter to Col. John C. Kelton, December 23, 1863.

  58. Dana, Recollections of the Civil War, 150; Waugh, U. S. Grant, 67.

  59. PUSG, 9:496. Letter to J. Russell Jones, December 5, 1863.

  60. GPL. S2 B13 F38. “James H. Wilson Journals.” Letter from Charles A. Dana to Edwin M. Stanton, November 26, 1863.

  61. Smith, Grant, 280.

  62. Foreman, A World on Fire, 566.

  63. Armstrong, Warrior in Two Camps, 90–91.

  64. Smith, Grant, 281.

  65. Wilson and Simon, Ulysses S. Grant, 76.

  66. Nevins and Th
omas, The Diary of George Templeton Strong, 3:374. Diary entry for November 27, 1863.

  67. PUSG, 32:61. Letter to John J. Speed, November 30, 1863.

  68. Curtis, The Correspondence of John Lothrop Motley, 2:146. Letter to his mother, December 29, 1863.

  69. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 91.

  70. White, American Ulysses, 311–12.

  71. PUSG, 9:465. Letter to Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside, November 29, 1863.

  72. Sherman, Memoirs, 394.

  73. Washburne, Biography, 294.

  74. Foote, The Civil War, 2:918.

  75. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 246.

  76. Ibid., 247.

  77. PUSG, 9:541. Letter to Barnabas Burns, December 17, 1863.

  78. Wilson, Rawlins, 434.

  79. USGH, “Interview with Sarah Hill.”

  80. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 111.

  81. GPL. S2 B24 F14. “Interview with J. Russell Jones.” HGP.

  82. PUSG, 9:554. Letter from William T. Sherman, December 29, 1863.

  83. Ibid., 555.

  84. Ambrose, Halleck, 157.

  85. Foote, The Civil War, 2:918.

  86. PUSG, 9:522. Letter to Elihu B. Washburne, December 12, 1863.

  87. LoC. EMSP. Reel 7. Letter from Ulysses S. Grant to Henry W. Halleck, January 15, 1864.

  88. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 104–5.

  89. Ibid., 105.

  90. Grant, Memoirs, 2:459.

  91. Ibid., 459–60.

  92. Foote, The Civil War, 2:917.

  93. GPL. S2 B5 F20. “Julia Grant Interview.” HGP.

  94. LoC. JHWP. Box 50. Letter from John A. Rawlins to unnamed recipient, January 16, 1864.

  95. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 125.

  96. Washburne, Biography, 290.

  97. Ibid., 291.

  98. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 126–27.

  99. Missouri Democrat, January 30, 1864.

  100. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 115.

  101. “Gen. Grant’s Morality.” Chicago Daily Tribune, January 27, 1887.

  102. Wilson, Rawlins, 395.

  103. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 126.

  104. LoC. JHWP. Box 50. Letter from John A. Rawlins to Mary E. (Hurlbut) Rawlins, February 14, 1864.

  CHAPTER SIXTEEN: IDOL OF THE HOUR

  1. PUSG, 10:121–22. Letter to Julia Dent Grant, February 14, 1864.

  2. Washburne, Biography, 299.

  3. Ibid., 304.

  4. Ibid., 301.

  5. Ibid.

  6. Morgan, “From City Point to Appomattox with General Grant.”

  7. Wilson, Rawlins, 396.

  8. PUSG, 29:38. Letter to Elihu B. Washburne, December 24, 1878.

  9. Ibid., 10:187. Letter to Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, March 4, 1864.

  10. Ibid., 187–88. Letter from Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, March 10, 1864.

  11. Ibid., 188.

  12. LoC. JHWP. Box 50. Letter from John A. Rawlins to Mary E. Rawlins, March 5, 1864.

  13. Ibid. Letter from John A. Rawlins to Mary E. Rawlins, March 8, 1864.

  14. Ibid. Letter from John A. Rawlins to Mary E. Rawlins, March 5, 1864.

  15. PUSG, 10:259. Letter to Henry Wilson, April 4, 1864.

  16. GPL. S2 B21 F17. Letter from Ely Parker to Elihu B. Washburne, April 12, 1864. LLP.

  17. PUSG, 10:260. Letter from Lt. Col. William R. Rowley to Elihu B. Washburne, April 10, 1864.

  18. Summer, The Diary of Cyrus B. Comstock, 260. Diary entry for March 7, 1864.

  19. PUSG, 10:187. Letter to Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, March 4, 1864.

  20. GPL. S2 B13 F66. “Rawlins Letters.” Letter from John A. Rawlins to Mary E. Rawlins, March 8, 1864. JHWP.

  21. Wilson, Rawlins, 400.

  22. Taliaferro, All the Great Prizes, 45.

  23. Foote, The Civil War, 2:52.

  24. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 22.

  25. Richardson, A Personal History, 387.

  26. Foote, The Civil War, 3:5.

  27. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 287.

  28. Titone, My Thoughts Be Bloody, 312.

  29. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 259.

  30. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 19.

  31. Ibid.

  32. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 126.

  33. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 20.

  34. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 126.

  35. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 128.

  36. New York Herald, March 12, 1864.

  37. Badeau, Grant in Peace, 171.

  38. Burlingame, With Lincoln in the White House, 130.

  39. PUSG, 10:195. “Speech,” Abraham Lincoln, March 9, 1864.

  40. Ibid.

  41. Grant, Memoirs, 2:473.

  42. New York Herald, May 27, 1878.

  43. “Grant Reminiscences.” Chicago Daily Tribune, September 1, 1885.

  44. New York Herald, May 27, 1878.

  45. Grant, Memoirs, 2:474.

  46. New York Herald, May 27, 1878.

  47. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 26.

  48. Wilson, Rawlins, 403.

  49. Woodward, Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, 585. Diary entry for March 12, 1864.

  50. Waugh, U. S. Grant, 78.

  51. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 131.

  52. Dana, Recollections of the Civil War, 227.

  53. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 334.

  54. Morris, Sheridan, 544.

  55. Grant, Memoirs, 2:770.

  56. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 115.

  57. Smith, Grant, 292.

  58. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 29.

  59. Young, Around the World, 305–6.

  60. Girardi, The Civil War Generals, 65.

  61. Foote, The Civil War, 3:11.

  62. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 410.

  63. Foote, The Civil War, 3:12.

  64. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 120.

  65. Young, Around the World, 264.

  66. Badeau, Military History of Ulysses S. Grant, 2:19.

  67. Ibid., 19–20.

  68. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 137.

  69. USGH. “Interview with General Grenville Dodge.”

  70. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 137.

  71. Sherman, Memoirs, 430.

  72. Foote, The Civil War, 3:13.

  73. Ibid., 2:966.

  74. Grant, “The Early Life of Gen. Grant.”

  75. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 267.

  76. GPL. S2 B4 F11. “Grant and Drinking.”

  77. Foote, The Civil War, 3:8.

  78. Ibid., 21.

  79. Badeau, Grant in Peace, 172.

  80. Ibid., 171.

  81. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 129.

  82. Richardson, A Personal History, 394.

  83. Ibid., 413.

  84. Young, Around the World, 158.

  85. Donald, Lincoln, 81.

  86. Foner, Fiery Trial, xv.

  87. Stoddard, Lincoln’s Third Secretary, 197–98.

  88. Donald, Lincoln, 497.

  89. Stoddard, Lincoln’s Third Secretary, 198.

  90. Young, Around the World, 265.

  CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: ULYSSES THE SILENT

  1. Badeau, Military History of Ulysses S. Grant, 2:32.

  2. PUSG, 15:165. Letter to Edwin M. Stanton, June 20, 1865.

  3. Ibid., 10:253. Telegram from William T. Sherman, April 9, 1864.

  4. Ibid., 15:175. Letter to Edwin M. Stanton, June 20, 1865.

  5. Ibid., 10:201. Letter to Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks, March 15, 1864. />
  6. GPL. S2 B13. “Rawlins Letters.” Letter from John A. Rawlins to Mary Emma Rawlins, April 13, 1865. JHWP.

  7. Grant, Memoirs, 2:485.

  8. Goodwin, Team of Rivals, 618.

  9. Stahr, Seward, 396.

  10. Young, Around the World, 375.

  11. Ambrose, Halleck, 168.

  12. Young, Around the World, 375.

  13. Ibid.

  14. GPL. S2 B13. “Rawlins Letters.” Letter from John A. Rawlins to Mary E. Rawlins, April 22, 1864. JHWP.

  15. Wilson, Patriotic Gore, 313.

  16. PUSG, 10:315. Letter to Julia Dent Grant, April 17, 1864.

  17. Ibid., 316.

  18. Armstrong, Warrior in Two Camps, 96.

  19. Badeau, Military History of Ulysses S. Grant, 38.

  20. Wilson, Rawlins, 421–22.

  21. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 284.

  22. Ibid.

  23. Foreman, A World on Fire, 605.

  24. Girardi, The Civil War Generals, 73.

  25. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 284.

  26. Ibid., 284–85.

  27. Girardi, The Civil War Generals, 67.

  28. GPL. S2 B4 F11. “Grant and Drinking.” Letter from Maj. Henry L. Abbott to his mother, March 13, 1864.

  29. Young, Around the World, 387.

  30. Waugh, U. S. Grant, 82.

  31. Young, Around the World, 388.

  32. New York Herald, July 24, 1878.

  33. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 24.

  34. Sheridan, Memoirs, 1:346.

  35. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 24.

  36. GPL. S2 B13. “Rawlins Letters.” Letter from John A. Rawlins to Mary E. Rawlins, March 8, 1864. JHWP.

  37. Ibid.

  38. Ibid. Letter from John A. Rawlins to Mary E. Rawlins, April 12, 1864.

  39. Ibid. Letter from John A. Rawlins to Mary E. Rawlins, April 17, 1864.

  40. Ibid. S2 B54 F18. “Interview with General Harry Wilson.” HGP.

  41. Genetin-Pilawa, “The Indian at Appomattox.”

  42. Ibid.

  43. USGH. “Interview with Ely S. Parker.”

  44. Ibid.

  45. Ibid.

  46. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 196.

  47. Ibid., 133.

  48. Ibid., 250.

  49. Ibid., 242.

  50. Ibid., 251.

  51. The New York Times, March 25, 1885.

  52. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 66.

  53. Ibid., 81.

  54. Ibid., 214.

  55. Ibid.

  56. Ibid., 213–14.

  57. Ibid., 215.

  58. Armstrong, Warrior in Two Camps, 87.

  59. Badeau, Military History of Ulysses S. Grant, 20.