Defiant Brides: The Untold Story of Two Revolutionary-Era Women and the Radical Men They Married
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40. Lea, Hero and a Spy, 339.
41. “Diary of Grace Growden Galloway,” 55: 79.
42. Van Doren, Secret History, 201–2.
43. Lea, Hero and a Spy, 343.
44. Ibid., 345.
45. Ibid., 348.
46. Ibid., 350.
47. Ibid., 351.
48. Ibid., 352.
49. Ibid., 355.
CHAPTER 5
“Fortitude under Stress”
1. “Diary of Grace Growden Galloway,” 58: 181–82.
2. Lea, Hero and a Spy, 357.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid., 357–58.
5. Extracts from the Journal of Elizabeth Drinker, 122.
6. Lea, Hero and a Spy, 361.
7. Ibid., 362.
8. Ibid.
9. Hatch, Major John André, 214–15.
10. Martin, Narrative of a Revolutionary Solder, 143.
11. Sherman, Historic Morristown, 333.
12. Thacher, Military Journal, 185.
13. Brandt, Man in the Mirror, 186.
14. Lea, Hero and a Spy, 366.
15. Ibid., 379–80.
16. Ibid., 380–81.
17. Ibid., 385.
18. Papers of General Nathanael Greene, 5: 365.
19. Writings of George Washington, 17: 357.
20. Martin, Narrative of a Revolutionary Solder, 148.
21. “To the Magistrates of New Jersey,” circular, January 8, 1780, GWP.
22. New Jersey State Archives.
23. Lea, Hero and a Spy, 381.
24. Ibid., 382.
25. Ibid., 386.
26. Ibid., 387.
27. Ibid., 397.
28. Ibid., 390.
29. Ibid., 395.
30. Ibid., 398.
31. Ibid., 399–400.
32. Ibid., 403.
33. Flexner, Traitor and the Spy, 311.
34. Arnold, Life of Benedict Arnold, 284–85.
35. Van Doren, Secret History, 468.
36. Ibid., 303.
37. Writings of George Washington, 19: 309.
38. Van Doren, Secret History, 303–4.
39. Ibid., 304.
40. Lea, Hero and a Spy, 421.
41. Smith, Authentic Narrative, 15–16.
42. Ibid., 17.
43. David Franks to BA, August 28, 1780, GWP.
44. Arnold, Life of Benedict Arnold, 234.
45. Ibid.
46. BA, “Travel Instructions,” August 1780, GWP.
47. Bischoff, “Resourceful Woman,” 94.
48. Pidgin, Theodosia, 173.
CHAPTER 6
“As Good and Innocent as an Angel”
1. BA to HK, August 8, 1780, HKP.
2. Hamilton, History of the United States, 78.
3. GW to BA, September 13, 1780, GWP.
4. Lea, Hero and a Spy, 315.
5. Van Doren, Secret History, 285.
6. Ibid., 265.
7. Smith, Authentic Narrative, 16.
8. Van Doren, Secret History, 315; Hart, Varick Court of Inquiry, 124–25, 171–72; Johnston, “Colonel Varick,” 336.
9. Van Doren, Secret History, 319.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid., 317.
12. Ibid.
13. Beverly Robinson to BA, September 19, 1780, GWP.
14. Van Doren, Secret History, 327.
15. Ibid., 328.
16. Ibid., 474.
17. Hatch, Major John André, 235.
18. Van Doren, Secret History, 339; Hart, Varick Court of Inquiry, 126–27, 178–79.
19. Van Doren, Secret History, 342–43.
20. Ibid., 343–44.
21. Ibid., 344.
22. Lea, Hero and a Spy, 532.
23. Ibid., 491.
24. Ibid., 493.
25. Ibid.
26. Van Doren, Secret History, 345–46.
27. Ibid., 346.
28. Lea, Hero and a Spy, 533.
29. Sparks, Life and Treason, 108.
30. Hamilton, Library of American History, 40.
31. Lea, Hero and a Spy, 533.
32. Van Doren, Secret History, 348.
33. Lea, Hero and a Spy, 533.
34. Sparks, Life and Treason, 108.
35. Flexner, Traitor and the Spy, 372.
36. BA to GW, September 25, 1780, GWP.
37. Van Doren, Secret History, 348–49.
38. Ibid.
39. Lea, Hero and a Spy, 510–11.
40. Walker, “Life of Margaret Shippen,” 25: 294.
41. Lea, Hero and a Spy, 511.
CHAPTER 7
“A Momentary Pang”
1. Hatch, Major John André, 251.
2. Koke, Accomplice in Treason, 111.
3. Hatch, Major John André, 251.
4. Abbatt, Crisis of the Revolution, 48.
5. GW to NG, September 25, 1780, GWP.
6. Callahan, Henry Knox, 164.
7. Van Doren, Secret History, 352–53.
8. Thacher, Military Journal, 256.
9. Ibid., 256–57.
10. Smith, Authentic Narrative, 44
11. Hatch, Major John André, 242.
12. Ibid., 242–43.
13. Ibid., 244.
14. Ibid., 246.
15. Scheer, Rebels and Redcoats, 382.
16. JA to GW, September 24, 1780, GWP.
17. Flexner, Traitor and the Spy, 377.
18. Van Doren, Secret History, 382.
19. Chastellux, Travels in North-America, 282.
20. Walker, “Life of Margaret Shippen,” 25: 183.
21. Ibid., 156.
22. Ibid., 157.
23. Pennsylvania Packet, September 30, 1780.
24. Burd, “Notes and Queries,” 380.
25. Pennsylvania Packet, October 3, 1780.
26. Burd, “Notes and Queries,” 380.
27. Ibid., 381.
28. Ibid.
29. Flexner, Traitor and the Spy, 378.
30. Ibid.
31. Walker, “Life of Margaret Shippen,” 25: 160.
32. “Minutes of the Supreme Executive Council,” 520.
33. Flexner, Traitor and the Spy, 380.
34. Walker, “Life of Margaret Shippen,” 25: 296.
35. Ibid., 162.
36. Ibid., 161.
37. Writings of George Washington, 7: 533–34.
38. Van Doren, Secret History, 487.
39. Ibid., 486–87.
40. Ibid., 487.
41. Ibid., 487–88.
42. Ibid., 366–69.
43. Ibid., 488.
44. HC to JA, October 1, 1780, Bulletin of the Fort Ticonderoga (New York) Museum 16, no. 3 (2000): 235.
45. Webb, Reminiscences, 297.
46. Papers of Alexander Hamilton, 448–49.
47. Ibid.
48. Van Doren, Secret History, 475.
49. JA to GW, October 1, 1780, GWP.
50. Hatch, Major John André, 272.
51. Ibid., 273.
52. Thacher, Military Journal, 228.
CHAPTER 8
“Haste Happy Time When We Shall Be No More Separate”
1. Chastellux, Essay on Public Happiness, ii.
2. Chastellux, Travels in North-America, 112.
3. Ibid.
4. HK to WK, October 30, 1780, HKP.
5. SS, “Circular Address to the New England States,” October 7, 1780, American Revolution Collection, 1763-1783, Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, New York.
6. HK to WK, December 2, 1780, HKP.
7. Thacher, Military Journal, 246.
8. Washington, Writings, 407–8.
9. Brooks, Henry Knox, 141.
10. Lea, Hero and a Spy, 544–46.
11. Ibid., 559.
12. Van Doren, Secret History, 480–81.
13. Benedict Arnold, “Proclamation to Americans,” October 20, 1780, GWP.
14. Writings of George Washington, 20: 189.
15. Lea, Hero and a Sp
y, 575.
16. Walker, “Life of Margaret Shippen,” 25: 162–63.
17. Ibid., 163.
18. Randall, Benedict Arnold, 581.
19. Clinton, American Rebellion, 210.
20. BA to HC, January 23, 1781, CP.
21. Burnett, Letters of Members, 530.
22. BA to HC, January 23, 1781, CP.
23. Wharton, Through Colonial Doorways, 213.
24. Walker, “Life of Margaret Shippen,” 25: 162–63.
25. Thacher, Military Journal, 263–64.
26. HK to WK, July 20, 1781, HKP.
27. LK to HK, July 26, 1781, HKP.
28. HK to LK, July 26, 1781, HKP.
29. LK to HK, August 12, 1781, HKP.
30. NG to HK, August 7, 1781, HKP.
31. Arnold, Life of Benedict Arnold, 352.
32. Sparks, Life and Treason of Benedict Arnold, 325.
33. Thacher, Military Journal, 271–72.
34. HK to WK, September 4, 1781, HKP.
35. HK to WK, September 9, 1781, HKP.
36. Thatcher, “Reminiscences,” 3.
37. LK to WK, September 29, 1781, HKP.
38. WK to LK, October 1, 1781, HKP.
39. Martin, Narrative of a Revolutionary Soldier, 200.
40. LK to HK, October 8, 1781, HKP.
41. Thacher, Military Journal, 283.
42. Chastellux, Travels in North-America, 282.
43. Thacher, Military Journal, 285.
44. LK to HK, October 16, 1781, HKP.
45. HK to LK, October 16, 1781, HKP.
46. HK to LK, October 17, 1781, HKP.
47. LK to HK, October 23, 1781, HKP.
48. HK to LK, October 31, 1781, HKP.
49. HK to Clement Biddle, November 12, 1781, HKP.
50. HK to Benjamin Lincoln, November 12 1781, HKP.
51. HK to NG, December 12, 1781, HKP.
52. Walker, “Life of Margaret Shippen,” 25: 163.
CHAPTER 9
“Yet We Wade On”
1. Public Advertiser (London), January 24, 1782.
2. London Chronicle, January 22, 1778.
3. “Historic Chronicle,” Gentleman’s Magazine, March 1782.
4. Morning Herald and Daily Advertiser (London), January 22, 1782.
5. Flexner, Traitor and the Spy, 399.
6. Morning Herald and Daily Advertiser, February 4, 1782.
7. Arnold, Life of Benedict Arnold, 363.
8. Drake, Historic Fields, 258.
9. Arnold, Life of Benedict Arnold, 363.
10. Van Doren, Secret History, 386.
11. Flexner, Traitor and the Spy, 399.
12. “Ode Addressed,” Whitehall Evening Post (London), February 16, 1782.
13. Public Advertiser and Morning Herald and Daily Advertiser, March 8, 1782.
14. Lomask, “Benedict Arnold,” 86.
15. “Historic Chronicle,” Gentleman’s Magazine 52 (March 1782): 147.
16. “Summary of Proceedings in the Second Session of the Present Parliament,” Gentleman’s Magazine 52 (March 1782): 103.
17. Morning Herald and Daily Advertiser, March 28, 1782.
18. Van Schaack, Life of Peter Van Schaack, 147n147.
19. Stern, “Dear Mrs. Cad,” 18–19.
20. Randall, Benedict Arnold, 595.
21. Ibid.
22. Walker, “Life of Margaret Shippen,” 25: 160.
23. Arnold, Life of Benedict Arnold, 369.
24. Walker, “Life of Margaret Shippen,” 25: 167.
25. HK to LK, March 22, 1782, HKP.
26. LK to HK, April 10, 1782, HKP.
27. Independent Ledger and the American Advertiser (Boston), June 17, 1782.
28. Simms, History of Schoharie County, 535.
29. Brooks, Henry Knox, 167.
30. HK to Samuel Osgood, July 9, 1782, HKP.
31. HK to WK, August 25, 1782, HKP.
32. HK to GW, September 10, 1782, HKP.
33. HK to William Alexander, September 24, 1782, HKP.
34. HK to Gouverneur Morris, October 8, 1782, HKP.
35. HK to GW, September 10, 1782, HKP.
36. HK to Benjamin Lincoln, December 20, 1782, HKP.
37. HK to NG, February 2, 1783, HKP.
38. HK to Alexander McDouglas, February 21, 1783, HKP.
39. HK to Gouverneur Morris, February 21, 1783, HKP.
40. Writings of George Washington, 26: 211n29.
41. Ibid., 222n38.
42. Washington, Writings, 497–99.
43. Mercy Otis Warren, August 2, 1787, Warren Family Letters and Papers.
44. HK to Benjamin Lincoln, May 21, 1783, HKP.
45. HK to TF, May 14, 1783, HKP.
46. HK to WK, August 23, 1783, HKP.
47. Freeman, George Washington, 462–63.
48. Drake, Historic Fields, 174.
49. HK to Marquis de Lafayette, December 14, 1783, HKP.
50. HK to Samuel Osgood, December 30, 1783, HKP.
51. HK to LK, August 8, 1779, HKP.
CHAPTER 10
“My Regret at This Cruel, Dreadful Separation”
1. HK to TF, April 10, 1784, HKP.
2. HK to HF, August 3, 1784, HKP.
3. TF to HK, September 19, 1784, HKP.
4. HF to HK, September 25, 1784, HKP.
5. Marquis de Lafayette to HK, June 12, 1785, HKP.
6. HK to GW, March 24, 1785, HKP.
7. Ibid.
8. LK to HK, May 4, 1785, HKP.
9. LK to HK, May 9, 1785, NSDAR.
10. HJ to HK, September 28, 1786, HKP.
11. HJ to HK, September 28, 1786, HKP.
12. HK to GW, October 23, 1786, HKP.
13. New Haven Gazette and Connecticut Magazine, August 10, 1786.
14. Saint John (Newfoundland) Gazette, December 20, 1785.
15. Royal Gazette (New York), June 6, 1786.
16. Walker, “Life of Margaret Shippen,” 25: 454.
17. Ibid.
18. Saint John (New Brunswick) Gazette, October 27, 1789.
19. Quigley, Benedict Arnold, 50.
20. Walker, “Life of Margaret Shippen,” 25: 455–56.
21. Ibid., 457.
22. Sabine, Sketches of the Loyalists 2, 179.
23. Walker, “Life of Margaret Shippen,” 25: 168.
24. Walker, “Life of Margaret Shippen,” 24: 457.
25. Ibid.
26. Munson Hayt, affidavit, May 8, 1790, Benedict Arnold-Munson Hayt Fonds.
27. Walker, “Life of Margaret Shippen,” 25: 457.
28. Quigley, Benedict Arnold, 51.
29. Wilson, Benedict Arnold, 207–14.
30. BA to JB, February 26, 1792, F1–4, BAF.
31. HK to GW, February 22, 1787, GWP.
32. HK to Stephen Higginson, January 28, 1787, HKP.
33. Griswold, Republican Court, 171–72.
34. Ibid., 172.
35. Cutler, Life and Journals of Manasseh Cutler, 230–31.
36. Ibid.
37. Drake, Life and Correspondence, 102.
38. HK to GW, December 11, 1787, GWP.
39. Griswold, Republican Court, 172.
40. Adams Family Correspondence, 8: 273.
41. Ibid.
42. Griffiths, Major General Henry Knox, 50.
43. Adams Family Correspondence, 3: 273.
44. Griffiths, Major General Henry Knox, 156.
45. Ibid., 157.
46. Ibid.
47. HK to GW, July 7, 1789, HKP.
CHAPTER 11
“Illusive Bubbles”
1. HK to William Duer, July 10, 1791, HKP.
2. HK to JA, June 20, 1791, HKP.
3. Wharton, Through Colonial Doorways, 228–29.
4. Griffiths, Major General Henry Knox, 271.
5. HK to Thomas Jefferson, July 19, 1791, HKP.
6. HK to GW, July 7, 1789, HKP.
7. HK to LK, July 25, 1791, HKP.
8. Thatcher, “Reminiscences,” 1
6, NSDAR.
9. GW to HK, September 8, 1791, HKP.
10. HK to GW, September 8, 1791, GWP.
11. HK to John Marsden Pintard, November 14, 1791, HKP.
12. Wharton, Through Colonial Doorways, 228
13. Mitchell, New Letters of Abigail Adams, 55.
14. Griffiths, Major General Henry Knox, 46.
15. Ibid., 49.
16. HJ to LK, November 28, 1790, HKP.
17. HK to LK, July 8, 1792, HKP.
18. HK to LK, July 29, 1792, HKP.
19. HK to LK, August 19, 1792, HKP.
20. HK to LK, September 5, 1792, HKP.
21. HK to LK, September 23, 1792, HKP.
22. Eaton, History of Thomaston, 222.
23. HK to LK, September 9, 1791, HKP.
24. HK to LK, September 17, 1791, HKP.
25. HK to LK, September 17, 1792, HKP.
26. Drake, Life and Correspondence, 108–9.
27. Warren-Adams Letters, 2: 315.
28. Ibid., 316.
29. Extracts from the Journal of Elizabeth Drinker, 190.
30. Ibid., 193.
31. HK to GW, September 18, 1793, GWP.
32. LK to HK, October 5, 1793, HKP.
33. LK to HK, November 1, 1793, HKP.
34. HK to LK, November 5, 1793, HKP.
35. HK to HJ, May 10, 1794, HKP.
36. HK to General Anthony Wayne, December 5, 1794, HKP
37. Sarah Lyons Flucker Beaumez to LK, March 17, 1793, HKP.
38. HJK to HK, March 31, 1794, HKP.
39. Walker, “Life of Margaret Shippen,” 25: 459.
40. Ibid.
41. Ibid., 460.
42. Ibid., 461.
43. Ibid., 462.
44. Evening Mail (London), June 29, 1792.
45. Walker, “Life of Margaret Shippen,” 24: 462.
46. Ibid.
47. Randall, Benedict Arnold, 606.
48. BA to HC, October 17, 1792, CP.
49. BA to JB, February 10, 1794, F1–13, BAF.
50. Talleyrand, Memoirs, 174–75.
51. Walker, “Life of Margaret Shippen,” 25: 464.
52. Ibid.
53. Ibid., 465.
54. Ibid.
55. Ibid.
CHAPTER 12
“An Irresistible but Invisible Force”
1. Henry Knox Papers, Collection 166, Box 21/1, CMHS.
2. HJ to HK, May 8, 1794, HKP.
3. La Rochefoucauld, Travels through the United States, 1, 421.
4. Callahan, Henry Knox, 348.
5. Ibid., 349.
6. Brooks, Henry Knox, 240.
7. Callahan, Henry Knox, 350.
8. Brooks, Henry Knox, 265.
9. Callahan, Henry Knox, 351.
10. Brooks, Henry Knox, 241.
11. La Rochefoucauld, Travels through the United States, 449–50.
12. Ibid., 449.
13. Callahan, Henry Knox, 351.
14. Ibid., 352.
15. Eaton, History of Thomaston, 231.
16. Columbian Centinel (Boston), April 27, 1796.
17. Daniel Cobb to HK, December 13, 1796, HKP.