by Ron Chernow
36. The [Philadelphia] Merchants’ Daily Advertiser, July 12, 1797.
37. CU-HPPP, box 272, letter from William Loughton Smith to Rufus King, December 14, 1797.
Thirty-one: An Instrument of Hell
1. PAH, vol. 20, p. 492, “The Warning No. I,” January 27, 1797.
2. Ibid., p. 509, “The Warning No. II,” February 7,
1797.
3. Ibid., p. 545, letter to Timothy Pickering,
March 22, 1797.
4. Ibid., p. 568, letter to Oliver Wolcott, Jr.,
March 30, 1797.
5. Ibid., vol. 21, p. 99, letter to Oliver Wolcott, Jr.,
June 6, 1797.
6. Ibid., p. 21, letter to William Loughton Smith,
April 5, 1797.
7. Elkins and McKitrick, Age of Federalism, p. 545. 8. PAH, vol. 21, p. 26, letter to Rufus King, April 8,
1797.
9. Elkins and McKitrick, Age of Federalism, p. 566. 10. Smith, John Marshall, p. 190.
11. McCullough, John Adams, p. 484.
12. Aurora General Advertiser, July 14, 1797.
49. Ames, Sketch of the Character of Alexander Hamilton, p. 14.
50. NYHS-RTP, letter from Robert Troup to Rufus King, June 10, 1797.
51. Ferling, John Adams, p. 133.
52. PAH, vol. 21, p. 468, letter to George Washington, May 19, 1798.
53. Ibid., p. 470, letter from George Washington, May 27, 1798.
54. Ibid., p. 479, letter to George Washington, June 2, 1798.
55. Ibid., p. 486, letter to Oliver Wolcott, Jr., June 5, 1798.
56. Hamilton, Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton, p. 323.
57. Ibid.
58. PAH, vol. 21, p. 535.
59. Ibid., p. 534, letter to George Washington, July 8, 1798.
60. Ibid.
61. Elkins and McKitrick, Age of Federalism, p. 602. 62. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, vol. 3, p. 426. 63. PAH, vol. 22, p. 83, letter to James McHenry, August 19, 1798.
64. Ibid., vol. 17, p. 312, letter from Henry Knox, October 8, 1794.
65. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, p. 198.
66. Ibid., p. 431.
67. Elkins and McKitrick, Age of Federalism, p. 603. 68. PAH, vol. 22, p. 10.
69. Elkins and McKitrick, Age of Federalism, p. 605. 70. Ibid.
71. Ferling, John Adams, p. 362.
72. Smith, Patriarch, p. 331.
73. CU-HPPP, box 273, letter from George Washington to John Adams, September 25, 1798. 74. Smith, Patriarch, p. 332.
75. PAH, vol. 22, p. 202.
76. CU-HPPP, box 273, letter from George Washington to Timothy Pickering, September 9, 1798. 77. CU-FFP, letter from Timothy Pickering to Nicholas Fish, December 5, 1823.
78. Ibid.
79. Ferling, John Adams, p. 361.
80. PAH, vol. 24, p. 524, letter to John Adams, May 24, 1800.
81. Ibid., p. 593, letter from John Adams, June 20, 1800.
82. King, Life and Correspondence of Rufus King, vol. 3, p. 263.
83. Ibid., vol. 2, p. 346.
84. Parton, Life and Times of Aaron Burr, p. 237. 85. PAH, vol. 21, p. 521, letter to Oliver Wolcott, Jr., June 28, 1798.
86. Lomask, Aaron Burr: The Years from Princeton to Vice President, p. 216.
87. Parton, Life and Times of Aaron Burr, p. 235.
88. Ibid.
89. PAH, vol. 24, p. 136, “Battle Plans,” December 1799–March 1800.
90. Ibid., vol. 22, p. 478, letter to James Wilkinson, February 12, 1799.
91. Ibid., p. 368, letter to James McHenry, December 16, 1798.
92. Ibid., vol. 24, p. 229, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, February 10, 1800.
93. Ibid., vol. 22, p. 161, letter to John Adams, August 24, 1798.
94. Ibid., vol. 24, p. 127, letter to James McHenry, December 1799.
95. Ibid., vol. 23, p. 493, letter to James McHenry, October 3, 1799.
96. Ibid., vol. 24, p. 143, “Elements of the Tactics of the Infantry,” 1799.
97. Ibid., vol. 22, p. 252, letter to John Jay, November 19, 1798.
98. Ibid., p. 29, letter to Louis le Bègue du Portail, July 23, 1798.
99. Ibid., vol. 24, p. 70, letter to James McHenry, November 23, 1799.
100. Ibid., vol. 23, p. 433, letter to James McHenry, September 17, 1799.
101. Ibid., vol. 22, p. 65, letter from Oliver Wolcott, Jr., August 9, 1798.
102. Ibid., p. 62, letter from George Washington, August 9, 1798.
103. Ibid., p. 38, letter to George Washington, July 29[–August 1], 1798.
104. Smith, Patriarch, p. 340.
105. PAH, vol. 21, p. 345, letter to James McHenry, January 27–February 11, 1798.
106. Robertson, Life of Miranda, vol. 1, p. 177. 107. PAH, vol. 22, p. 155, letter to Francisco de Miranda, August 22, 1798.
108. Ibid.
109. Ibid., p. 154, letter to Rufus King, August 22, 1798.
110. Ibid., p. 345, letter from George Washington to James McHenry, December 13, 1798. 111. Ibid., p. 441, letter to Harrison Gray Otis, January 26, 1799.
112. Emery, Alexander Hamilton, p. 180.
113. Elkins and McKitrick, Age of Federalism, p. 671. 114. Morison, Harrison Gray Otis, p. 158.
115. Lomask, Aaron Burr: The Conspiracy and Years of Exile, p. 180.
116. PAH, vol. 23, p. 383, letter from James Wilkinson, September 6, 1799.
Thirty-two: Reign of Witches
1. PAH, vol. 21, p. 506, Gazette of the United States, June 13, 1798.
2. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, vol. 3, p. 360. 3. Smith, John Marshall, p. 239. 4. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, p. 43. 5. Bailyn, To Begin the World Anew, p. 156. 6. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, p. 235. 7. Ferling, John Adams, p. 366. 8. Ellis, Founding Brothers, p. 191. 9. Ibid. 10. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, p. 132. 11. PAH, vol. 21, p. 468, The Time Piece, May 21, 1798. 12. Ibid., May 22, 1798. 13. The Boston Patriot, May 29, 1809. 14. The Review of Politics, July 1954. 15. PAH, vol. 21, p. 522, letter to Oliver Wolcott, Jr., June 29, 1798. 16. Ibid., vol. 23, p. 604, letter to Jonathan Dayton, October–November, 1799. 17. Speeches at Full Length of Mr. Van Ness, p. 76. 18. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, pp. 128, 136. 19. Ibid., p. 136. 20. Jefferson, Anas of Thomas Jefferson, p. 38. 21. Ibid., p. 381. 22. Ibid., vol. 4, p. 155. 23. Wills, James Madison, p. 49. 24. Rakove, James Madison and the Creation of the American Republic, p. 151. 25. Wills, James Madison, p. 49. 26. Ketcham, James Madison, p. 397. 27. Knott, Alexander Hamilton and the Persistence of Myth, p. 48. 28. Brookhiser, Alexander Hamilton, p. 142. 29. PAH, vol. 22, p. 452, letter to Theodore Sedgwick, February 2, 1799. 30. Ibid. 31. Ibid., p. 465, letter to Rufus King, February 6, 1799. 32. The New York Times, July 3, 2001. 33. Brodie, Thomas Jefferson, p. 321. 34. The Review of Politics, July 1954. 35. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, p. 689. 36. The Argus, or Greenleaf ’s New Daily Advertiser, November 6, 1799. 37. PAH, vol. 24, p. 5, letter to Josiah Ogden Hoffman, November 6, 1799. 38. Greenleaf ’s New York Journal and Patriotic Register, December 11, 1799. 39. Aurora, November 25, 1799. 40. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, p. 716. 41. Greenleaf ’s New York Journal and Patriotic Register, November 20, 1799. 42. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, p. 547. 43. PAH, vol. 22, p. 394, letter to Harrison Gray Otis, December 27, 1798. 44. Ibid., p. 415, letter from William Heth, January 14, 1799.
45. Ibid., p. 453, letter to Theodore Sedgwick, February 2, 1799.
46. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, vol. 3, p. 440.
47. PAH, vol. 22, p. 532.
48. Ibid., vol. 23, p. 7, letter to George Washington, April 3, 1799.
49. Ibid., p. 1, letter from Oliver Wolcott, Jr., April 1, 1799.
50. Brookhiser, America’s First Dynasty, p. 197.
51. The Boston Patriot, May 29, 1809.
52. Ellis, Founding Brothers, pp. 206–7.
26. Ibid., p. 399.
27. Ibid., p. 403.
28. The New-York Gazette and General Advertiser, September 14, 1799.
29. Burr, Political Correspondence a
nd Public Papers of Aaron Burr, vol. 2, p. 410.
30. PAH, vol. 21, p. 481, letter to Oliver Wolcott, Jr., June 2, 1798.
31. Biddle, Autobiography of Charles Biddle, p. 303. 32. Davis, Memoirs of Aaron Burr, vol. 1, p. 417. 33. Burr, Political Correspondence and Public Papers of Aaron Burr, vol. 2, p. 410.
Thirty-three: Works Godly and Ungodly 1. NYHS-NYCMS, reel 2, “Minutes of the Standing Committee,” March 7 [?], 1799.
2. LC-AHP, reel 30, Alexander Hamilton, Jr., memo about Elizabeth Hamilton.
3. Hamilton, Reminiscences of James A. Hamilton, p. 65.
4. Pettit, “Women, Sunday Schools, and Politics,” p. 37.
5. Bethune, Memoirs of Mrs. Joanna Bethune, p. 112. 6. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, p. 725.
7. PAH, vol. 22, p. 313, letter to Elizabeth Hamil- ton, November 1798.
8. Ibid., p. 251, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, November 19, 1798.
9. Ibid., p. 236, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, November 11, 1798.
10. PAH, vol. 24, p. 211, letter to Angelica Church, January 22, 1800.
11. King, Life and Correspondence of Rufus King, vol. 3, p. 34.
12. PAH, vol. 22, p. 232, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, November 10, 1798.
13. Ibid., vol. 24, p. 212, letter to Angelica Church, January 22, 1800.
14. Ibid., vol. 22, p. 450, letter from Philip Schuyler, January 31, 1799.
15. Hamilton, Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton, p. 349.
16. PAH, vol. 22, p. 450.
17. Ibid., p. 451.
18. Pettit, “Women, Sunday Schools, and Politics,” p. 44.
19. King, Life and Correspondence of Rufus King, vol. 2, p. 429.
20. Political Science Quarterly, December 1957.
21. PAH, vol. 21, p. 481, letter to Oliver Wolcott, Jr., June 2, 1798.
22. Lomask, Aaron Burr: The Years from Princeton to Vice President, p. 226.
23. PAH, vol. 22, p. 447.
24. Ibid., vol. 25, p. 321, letter to James A. Bayard, January 16, 1801.
25. Burr, Political Correspondence and Public Papers of Aaron Burr, vol. 1, p. 402.
Thirty-four: In an Evil Hour
1. Brookhiser, America’s First Dynasty, p. 49.
2. The Boston Patriot, May 29, 1809.
3. PAH, vol. 22, p. 405.
4. Ibid., p. 472, letter from James McHenry, Feb- ruary 8, 1799.
5. Ibid., p. 482, letter to George Washington, February 15, 1799.
6. Ibid., p. 471, letter from Theodore Sedgwick, February 7, 1799.
7. McCullough, John Adams, p. 523.
8. Ferling, John Adams, p. 370.
9. PAH, vol. 22, p. 500, letter from Timothy Pickering, February 25, 1799.
10. Ferling, John Adams, p. 390.
11. MHi-TPP, reel 15, p. 267, letter from Timothy Pickering to Richard Stockton, December 31, 1821.
12. PAH, vol. 22, p. 494, letter from Theodore Sedgwick, February 22, 1799.
13. Ibid., p. 493, letter to Theodore Sedgwick, February 21, 1799.
14. Ibid., vol. 25, p. 207, Letter from Alexander Hamilton, October 24, 1800.
15. Ibid., vol. 22, p. 493, letter to Theodore Sedgwick, February 21, 1799.
16. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, vol. 3, p. 437. 17. PAH, vol. 22, p. 507, letter from George Washington, February 25, 1799.
18. Ibid., p. 586, letter from George Washington, March 25, 1799.
19. Ibid., vol. 23, p. 122, letter to James McHenry, May 18, 1799.
20. Ibid., pp. 186–87, letter to James McHenry, June 14, 1799.
21. Ibid., p. 223, letter from James McHenry, June 26, 1799.
22. Ibid., p. 227, letter to James McHenry, June 27, 1799.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid., p. 313, letter to James McHenry, August 13, 1799.
25. Ibid.
26. Ferling, John Adams, p. 381.
27. Ibid., p. 384.
28. Brodie, Thomas Jefferson, p. 334.
29. Ferling, John Adams, p. 386.
30. Elkins and McKitrick, Age of Federalism, p. 640.
31. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: The National Adventure, p. 482.
32. PAH, vol. 25, p. 22, Letter from Alexander Hamilton, October 24, 1800.
33. Ibid., vol. 23, p. 546.
34. McCullough, John Adams, p. 531.
35. PAH, vol. 23, p. 547.
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid., p. 545, letter to George Washington, October 21, 1799.
38. Ibid., p. 574, letter from George Washington, October 27, 1799.
39. Elkins and McKitrick, Age of Federalism, p. 730.
40. PAH, vol. 23, p. 100.
41. Ibid., vol. 23, p. 602, letter to Jonathan Dayton, October–November 1799.
42. Ibid., p. 604.
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid., vol. 24, p. 99, letter from George Washington, December 12, 1799.
45. Ibid., p. 116, letter to Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, December 22, 1799.
46. Ibid., p. 155, letter to Tobias Lear, January 2, 1800.
47. Ibid., p. 184, letter to Martha Washington, January 12, 1800.
48. McCullough, John Adams, p. 533.
49. Ellis, Passionate Sage, p. 67.
50. PAH, vol. 24, p. 168, letter to Rufus King, January 5, 1800.
51. Baxter, Godchild of Washington, p. 226.
52. The New York Review of Books, April 25, 2002.
53. PAH, vol. 24, p. 267, letter to George Izard, February 27, 1800.
54. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, p. 791.
55. McCullough, John Adams, p. 540.
56. Elkins and McKitrick, Age of Federalism, p. 719.
57. Adams, New Letters of Abigail Adams, p. 252.
Thirty-five: Gusts of Passion
1. LPAH, vol. 1, p. 721.
2. Ibid., pp. 693–94.
3. Lomask, Aaron Burr: The Years from Princeton to Vice President, p. 90; LPAH, vol. 1, p. 706.
4. LPAH, vol. 1, p. 694.
5. Lomask, Aaron Burr: The Years from Princeton to Vice President, p. 91.
6. LPAH, vol. 1, p. 747.
7. Lodge, Alexander Hamilton, p. 239.
8. Parton, Life and Times of Aaron Burr, p. 148.
9. LPAH, vol. 1, p. 761.
10. Lomask, Aaron Burr: The Years from Princeton to Vice President, p. 93; LPAH, vol. 1, p. 704. 11. LPAH, vol. 1, p. 774.
12. Hamilton, Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton, p. 186.
13. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, p. 751.
14. King, Life and Correspondence of Rufus King, vol. 3, p. 208.
15. Lomask, Aaron Burr: The Years from Princeton to Vice President, p. 240.
16. Freeman, Affairs of Honor, p. 209.
17. Lomask, Aaron Burr: The Years from Princeton to Vice President, p. 239.
18. The New York Times Book Review, February 13, 2000.
19. Freeman, Affairs of Honor, p. 232.
20. Ibid.
21. Lomask, Aaron Burr: The Years from Princeton to Vice President, p. 244.
22. Ammon, James Monroe, p. 185.
23. Lomask, Aaron Burr: The Years from Princeton to Vice President, p. 246.
24. Ibid.
25. Knott, Alexander Hamilton and the Persistence of Myth, p. 89.
26. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, p. 785.
27. Ibid.
28. PAH, vol. 24, p. 465, letter to John Jay, May 7, 1800.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. Lodge, Alexander Hamilton, p. 224.
32. PAH, vol. 24, p. 467.
33. Ellis, American Sphinx, p. 212.
34. Jefferson, Anas of Thomas Jefferson, p. 227.
35. Ibid., pp. 227–28.
36. Parton, Life and Times of Aaron Burr,
p. 255.
37. Ferling, John Adams, p. 310.
38. PAH, vol. 25, p. 5.
39. Ibid.
40. Ellis, Passionate Sage, p. 37.
41. Ibid.
42. PAH, vol. 25, p. 71, letter from James A. Bayard, August 18, 1800.
43. Ellis, American Sphinx, p. 222.
44. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, p. 804; Aurora.General Advertiser, June 3, 1800.
45. PAH, vol. 24, p. 452, letter to Theodore Sedgwick, May 4, 1800.
46. Freeman, Affairs of Honor, p. 105.
47. PAH, vol. 24, p. 555, letter from James McHenry, June 2, 1800.
48. Ibid, p. 557.
49. McCullough, John Adams, p. 538.
50. Steiner, Life and Correspondence of James McHenry, p. 454; PAH, vol. 24, p. 508, letter from James McHenry, May 20, 1800.
51. PAH, vol. 25, p. 222, Letter from Alexander Hamilton, October 24, 1800.
52. Steiner, Life and Correspondence of James McHenry, p. 569.
53. PAH, vol. 20, p. 374, letter to George Washington, November 5, 1796.
54. Adams, Correspondence Between the Hon. John Adams and the Late Wm. Cunningham, p. 50.
55. Ibid., p. 39.
56. Ibid.
57. MHi-TPP, reel 55, p. 208.
58. King, Life and Correspondence of Rufus King, vol. 3, p. 262.
59. MHi-TPP, reel 55, p. 47.
60. Ibid., reel 15, p. 267, letter from Timothy Pickering to Richard Stockton, December 31, 1821.
61. PAH, vol. 24, p. 485.
62. Ibid., p. 573, letter to James McHenry, June 6, 1800.
63. Elkins and McKitrick, Age of Federalism, p. 740.
64. The [Boston] Independent Chronicle and Universal Advertiser, July 28–31, 1800.
65. PAH, vol. 25, p. 88, letter to William Jackson, August 26, 1800.
66. Ibid., p. 89.
67. Ibid., p. 111, letter from James McHenry, September 4, 1800.
68. J. Russell’s Gazette Commercial and Political, June 23, 1800.
69. Ibid.
70. PAH, vol. 24, p. 584.
71. Ibid., p. 580.
72. Ibid., p. 576.
73. Ellis, Passionate Sage, p. 33.
74. McCullough, John Adams, p. 545.
75. PAH, vol. 24, p. 574.
76. Ibid., p. 575.
77. Ibid., p. 4, letter to Oliver Wolcott, Jr., July 1, 1800.
78. Ibid., p. 596, “Conversation with Arthur Fenner,” June 25–26, 1800.
79. Ibid.
80. Ibid., vol. 25, p. 30, letter from John Rutledge, Jr., July 17, 1800.
Thirty-six: In a Very Belligerent Humor
1. Sparks, Life of Gouverneur Morris, pp. 260–61.
2. NYHS-NPP, n.d.
3. Rogow, Fatal Friendship, p. 275.
4. PAH, vol. 24, p. 487, letter to Timothy Pickering, May 14, 1800.
5. Ibid., p. 491, letter from Timothy Pickering, May 15, 1800.
6. Ibid., p. 573, letter to James McHenry, June 6, 1800.