A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays

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by Willa Sibert Cather


  sea. It is not easy for men that have spent their youths fishing in

  the Northern seas to be content with following a plow, and men that

  have served in the Austrian army hate hard work and coarse clothing

  and the loneliness of the plains, and long for marches and

  excitement and tavern company and pretty barmaids. After a man has

  passed his fortieth birthday it is not easy for him to change the

  habits and conditions of his life. Most men bring with them to the

  Divide only the dregs of the lives that they have squandered in

  other lands and among other peoples.

  Canute Canuteson was as mad as any of them, but his madness did not

  take the form of suicide or religion but of alcohol. He had always

  taken liquor when he wanted it, as all Norwegians do, but after his

  first year of solitary life he settled down to it steadily. He

  exhausted whisky after a while, and went to alcohol, because its

  effects were speedier and surer. He was a big man with a terrible

  amount of resistant force, and it took a great deal of alcohol even

  to move him. After nine years of drinking, the quantities he could

  take would seem fabulous to an ordinary drinking man. He never let

  it interfere with his work, he generally drank at night and on

  Sundays. Every night, as soon as his chores were done, he began to

  drink. While he was able to sit up he would play on his mouth harp

  or hack away at his window sills with his jack knife. When the

  liquor went to his head he would lie down on his bed and stare out

  of the window until he went to sleep. He drank alone and in solitude

  not for pleasure or good cheer, but to forget the awful loneliness

  and level of the Divide. Milton made a sad blunder when he put

  mountains in hell. Mountains postulate faith and aspiration. All

  mountain peoples are religious. It was the cities of the plains

  that, because of their utter lack of spirituality and the mad

  caprice of their vice, were cursed of God.

  Alcohol is perfectly consistent in its effects upon man. Drunkenness

  is merely an exaggeration. A foolish man drunk becomes maudlin; a

  bloody man, vicious; a coarse man, vulgar. Canute was none of these,

  but he was morose and gloomy, and liquor took him through all the

  hells of Dante. As he lay on his giant’s bed all the horrors of this

  world and every other were laid bare to his chilled senses. He was a

  man who knew no joy, a man who toiled in silence and bitterness. The

  skull and the serpent were always before him, the symbols of eternal

  futileness and of eternal hate.

  When the first Norwegians near enough to be called neighbors came,

  Canute rejoiced, and planned to escape from his bosom vice. But he

  was not a social man by nature and had not the power of drawing out

  the social side of other people. His new neighbors rather feared him

  because of his great strength and size, his silence and his lowering

  brows. Perhaps, too, they knew that he was mad, mad from the eternal

  treachery of the plains, which every spring stretch green and rustle

  with the promises of Eden, showing long grassy lagoons full of clear

  water and cattle whose hoofs are stained with wild roses. Before

  autumn the lagoons are dried up, and the ground is burnt dry and

  hard until it blisters and cracks open.

  So instead of becoming a friend and neighbor to the men that settled

  about him, Canute became a mystery and a terror. They told awful

  stories of his size and strength and of the alcohol he drank. They

  said that one night, when he went out to see to his horses just

  before he went to bed, his steps were unsteady and the rotten planks

  of the floor gave way and threw him behind the feet of a fiery young

  stallion. His foot was caught fast in the floor, and the nervous

  horse began kicking frantically. When Canute felt the blood

  trickling down in his eyes from a scalp wound in his head, he roused

  himself from his kingly indifference, and with the quiet stoical

  courage of a drunken man leaned forward and wound his arms about the

  horse’s hind legs and held them against his breast with crushing

  embrace. All through the darkness and cold of the night he lay

  there, matching strength against strength. When little Jim Peterson

  went over the next morning at four o’clock to go with him to the

  Blue to cut wood, he found him so, and the horse was on its fore

  knees, trembling and whinnying with fear. This is the story the

  Norwegians tell of him, and if it is true it is no wonder that they

  feared and hated this Holder of the Heels of Horses.

  One spring there moved to the next “eighty” a family that made a

  great change in Canute’s life. Ole Yensen was too drunk most of the

  time to be afraid of any one, and his wife Mary was too garrulous to

  be afraid of any one who listened to her talk, and Lena, their

  pretty daughter, was not afraid of man nor devil. So it came about

  that Canute went over to take his alcohol with Ole oftener than he

  took it alone. After a while the report spread that he was going to

  marry Yensen’s daughter, and the Norwegian girls began to tease Lena

  about the great bear she was going to keep house for. No one could

  quite see how the affair had come about, for Canute’s tactics of

  courtship were somewhat peculiar. He apparently never spoke to her

  at all: he would sit for hours with Mary chattering on one side of

  him and Ole drinking on the other and watch Lena at her work. She

  teased him, and threw flour in his face and put vinegar in his

  coffee, but he took her rough jokes with silent wonder, never even

  smiling. He took her to church occasionally, but the most watchful

  and curious people never saw him speak to her. He would sit staring

  at her while she giggled and flirted with the other men.

  Next spring Mary Lee went to town to work in a steam laundry. She

  came home every Sunday, and always ran across to Yensens to startle

  Lena with stories of ten cent theaters, firemen’s dances, and all

  the other esthetic delights of metropolitan life. In a few weeks

  Lena’s head was completely turned, and she gave her father no rest

  until he let her go to town to seek her fortune at the ironing

  board. From the time she came home on her first visit she began to

  treat Canute with contempt. She had bought a plush cloak and kid

  gloves, had her clothes made by the dress-maker, and assumed airs

  and graces that made the other women of the neighborhood cordially

  detest her. She generally brought with her a young man from town who

  waxed his mustache and wore a red necktie, and she did not even

  introduce him to Canute.

  The neighbors teased Canute a good deal until he knocked one of them

  down. He gave no sign of suffering from her neglect except that he

  drank more and avoided the other Norwegians more carefully than

  ever. He lay around in his den and no one knew what he felt or

  thought, but little Jim Peterson, who had seen him glowering at Lena

  in church one Sunday when she was there with the town man, said that

  he would not give an acre of his wheat for Lena’s life or the town
/>   chap’s either; and Jim’s wheat was so wondrously worthless that the

  statement was an exceedingly strong one.

  Canute had bought a new suit of clothes that looked as nearly like

  the town man’s as possible. They had cost him half a millet crop;

  for tailors are not accustomed to fitting giants and they charge for

  it. He had hung those clothes in his shanty two months ago and had

  never put them on, partly from fear of ridicule, partly from

  discouragement, and partly because there was something in his own

  soul that revolted at the littleness of the device.

  Lena was at home just at this time. Work was slack in the laundry

  and Mary had not been well, so Lena stayed at home, glad enough to

  get an opportunity to torment Canute once more.

  She was washing in the side kitchen, singing loudly as she worked.

  Mary was on her knees, blacking the stove and scolding violently

  about the young man who was coming out from town that night. The

  young man had committed the fatal error of laughing at Mary’s

  ceaseless babble and had never been forgiven.

  “He is no good, and you will come to a bad end by running with him!

  I do not see why a daughter of mine should act so. I do not see why

  the Lord should visit such a punishment upon me as to give me such a

  daughter. There are plenty of good men you can marry.”

  Lena tossed her head and answered curtly, “I don’t happen to want to

  marry any man right away, and so long as Dick dresses nice and has

  plenty of money to spend, there is no harm in my going with him.”

  “Money to spend? Yes, and that is all he does with it I’ll be bound.

  You think it very fine now, but you will change your tune when you

  have been married five years and see your children running naked and

  your cupboard empty. Did Anne Hermanson come to any good end by

  marrying a town man?”

  “I don’t know anything about Anne Hermanson, but I know any of the

  laundry girls would have Dick quick enough if they could get him.”

  “Yes, and a nice lot of store clothes huzzies you are too. Now there

  is Canuteson who has an ‘eighty’ proved up and fifty head of cattle

  and----”

  “And hair that ain’t been cut since he was a baby, and a big dirty

  beard, and he wears overalls on Sundays, and drinks like a pig.

  Besides he will keep. I can have all the fun I want, and when I am

  old and ugly like you he can have me and take care of me. The Lord

  knows there ain’t nobody else going to marry him.”

  Canute drew his hand back from the latch as though it were red hot.

  He was not the kind of a man to make a good eavesdropper, and he

  wished he had knocked sooner. He pulled himself together and struck

  the door like a battering ram. Mary jumped and opened it with a

  screech.

  “God! Canute, how you scared us! I thought it was crazy Lou,—he has

  been tearing around the neighborhood trying to convert folks. I am

  afraid as death of him. He ought to be sent off, I think. He is just

  as liable as not to kill us all, or burn the barn, or poison the

  dogs. He has been worrying even the poor minister to death, and he

  laid up with the rheumatism, too! Did you notice that he was too

  sick to preach last Sunday? But don’t stand there in the cold,—come

  in. Yensen isn’t here, but he just went over to Sorenson’s for the

  mail; he won’t be gone long. Walk right in the other room and sit

  down.”

  Canute followed her, looking steadily in front of him and not

  noticing Lena as he passed her. But Lena’s vanity would not allow

  him to pass unmolested. She took the wet sheet she was wringing out

  and cracked him across the face with it, and ran giggling to the

  other side of the room. The blow stung his cheeks and the soapy

  water flew in his eyes, and he involuntarily began rubbing them with

  his hands. Lena giggled with delight at his discomfiture, and the

  wrath in Canute’s face grew blacker than ever. A big man humiliated

  is vastly more undignified than a little one. He forgot the sting of

  his face in the bitter consciousness that he had made a fool of

  himself. He stumbled blindly into the living room, knocking his head

  against the door jamb because he forgot to stoop. He dropped into a

  chair behind the stove, thrusting his big feet back helplessly on

  either side of him.

  Ole was a long time in coming, and Canute sat there, still and

  silent, with his hands clenched on his knees, and the skin of his

  face seemed to have shriveled up into little wrinkles that trembled

  when he lowered his brows. His life had been one long lethargy of

  solitude and alcohol, but now he was awakening, and it was as when

  the dumb stagnant heat of summer breaks out into thunder.

  When Ole came staggering in, heavy with liquor, Canute rose at once.

  “Yensen,” he said quietly, “I have come to see if you will let me

  marry your daughter today.”

  “Today!” gasped Ole.

  “Yes, I will not wait until tomorrow. I am tired of living alone.”

  Ole braced his staggering knees against the bedstead, and stammered

  eloquently: “Do you think I will marry my daughter to a drunkard? a

  man who drinks raw alcohol? a man who sleeps with rattle snakes? Get

  out of my house or I will kick you out for your impudence.” And Ole

  began looking anxiously for his feet.

  Canute answered not a word, but he put on his hat and went out into

  the kitchen. He went up to Lena and said without looking at her,

  “Get your things on and come with me!”

  The tones of his voice startled her, and she said angrily, dropping

  the soap, “Are you drunk?”

  “If you do not come with me, I will take you,—you had better come,”

  said Canute quietly.

  She lifted a sheet to strike him, but he caught her arm roughly and

  wrenched the sheet from her. He turned to the wall and took down a

  hood and shawl that hung there, and began wrapping her up. Lena

  scratched and fought like a wild thing. Ole stood in the door,

  cursing, and Mary howled and screeched at the top of her voice. As

  for Canute, he lifted the girl in his arms and went out of the

  house. She kicked and struggled, but the helpless wailing of Mary

  and Ole soon died away in the distance, and her face was held down

  tightly on Canute’s shoulder so that she could not see whither he

  was taking her. She was conscious only of the north wind whistling

  in her ears, and of rapid steady motion and of a great breast that

  heaved beneath her in quick, irregular breaths. The harder she

  struggled the tighter those iron arms that had held the heels of

  horses crushed about her, until she felt as if they would crush the

  breath from her, and lay still with fear. Canute was striding across

  the level fields at a pace at which man never went before, drawing

  the stinging north wind into his lungs in great gulps. He walked

  with his eyes half closed and looking straight in front of him, only

  lowering them when he bent his head to blow away the snow flakes

  that settled on her hair. So it was that Canute took her to his


  home, even as his bearded barbarian ancestors took the fair

  frivolous women of the South in their hairy arms and bore them down

  to their war ships. For ever and anon the soul becomes weary of the

  conventions that are not of it, and with a single stroke shatters

  the civilized lies with which it is unable to cope, and the strong

  arm reaches out and takes by force what it cannot win by cunning.

  When Canute reached his shanty he placed the girl upon a chair,

  where she sat sobbing. He stayed only a few minutes. He filled the

  stove with wood and lit the lamp, drank a huge swallow of alcohol

  and put the bottle in his pocket. He paused a moment, staring

  heavily at the weeping girl, then he went off and locked the door

  and disappeared in the gathering gloom of the night.

  Wrapped in flannels and soaked with turpentine, the little Norwegian

  preacher sat reading his Bible, when he heard a thundering knock at

  his door, and Canute entered, covered with snow and with his beard

  frozen fast to his coat.

  “Come in, Canute, you must be frozen,” said the little man, shoving

  a chair towards his visitor.

  Canute remained standing with his hat on and said quietly, “I want

  you to come over to my house tonight to marry me to Lena Yensen.”

  “Have you got a license, Canute?”

  “No, I don’t want a license. I want to be married.”

  “But I can’t marry you without a license, man. It would not be

  legal.”

  A dangerous light came in the big Norwegian’s eye. “I want you to

  come over to my house to marry me to Lena Yensen.”

  “No, I can’t, it would kill an ox to go out in a storm like this,

  and my rheumatism is bad tonight.”

  “Then if you will not go I must take you,” said Canute with a sigh.

  He took down the preacher’s bearskin coat and bade him put it on

  while he hitched up his buggy. He went out and closed the door

  softly after him. Presently he returned and found the frightened

  minister crouching before the fire with his coat lying beside him.

  Canute helped him put it on and gently wrapped his head in his big

  muffler. Then he picked him up and carried him out and placed him in

  his buggy. As he tucked the buffalo robes around him he said: “Your

  horse is old, he might flounder or lose his way in this storm. I

  will lead him.”

  The minister took the reins feebly in his hands and sat shivering

 

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