Hitler's Furies

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Hitler's Furies Page 32

by Wendy Lower

headquarters of, [>]

  Jewish revenge and, [>]

  killing experiments by, [>]–[>], [>]

  marriage regulation and, [>]–[>]

  massacres in Ukraine and, [>]–[>]

  Himmler, Katrin, [>], [>]

  Hitler, Adolf

  appointment as chancellor, [>]

  eastern Lebensraum and, [>]

  “euthanasia” program and, [>]

  last proclamation by, [>]

  Mein Kampf, [>]–[>]

  motherhood ideals and, [>]–[>]

  persecution of women under, [>]–[>]

  on place of women, [>]

  Saarland and, [>]

  support for, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  suppression of opposition and, [>]–[>]

  Werwolf compound, [>]

  women’s movement and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  Hitler Youth, [>]–[>], [>]. See also League of German Girls (Bund deutscher Mädel, BdM)

  Hoechtl, Emmy, [>], [>]

  home front

  wives as nurturers and, [>]

  women as victims and, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>] (See also womanhood, Nazi ideals of)

  hospitals. See medical facilities

  Höss, Rudolf, [>]

  household killings. See wives of Nazi men

  housekeeping, [>]

  hunting trips, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]. See also balcony shootings; sadistic violence; shooting sprees

  ideological indoctrination. See also Nazi propaganda

  anti-Semitism and, [>]–[>]

  ethnic Germans in the East and, [>]–[>]

  female aesthetic and, [>]–[>]

  Hitler Youth and, [>]–[>]

  nurses and, [>]–[>]

  postwar denazification and, [>]–[>]

  “subhumans” and, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  teachers and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  interwar years. See also generation of Nazi supporters

  as formative context, [>]–[>]

  Nazi policy on Jews in, [>], [>]–[>]

  intimate relationships, and violence, [>], [>]–[>]. See also wives of Nazis

  Ivens, Ingelene, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]. See also Poznań, Poland

  Jackson, Robert H., [>]–[>]

  Jaktorow camp, [>]

  Janowska camp, [>], [>]–[>]

  Jehovah’s Witnesses, [>]

  Jewish laborers

  abusive treatment of, [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  exploitation of, [>]

  in offices, [>]–[>], [>]

  provision of help to, [>]

  selection of, [>], [>]–[>]

  shootings of, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  Volodymyr-Volynsky massacres and, [>]–[>]

  Jewish property

  confiscation of, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

  distribution of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  women’s possession of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  Jews. See also Aktion against Jews; anti-Semitism; ghettos; ideological indoctrination; mass-murder operations

  aid to, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  coffin-decorated tally and, [>], [>]

  emigration of, [>], [>]

  everyday encounters with, [>]

  fear of revenge from, [>]–[>], [>]

  humiliation of, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  hunting of escapees and, [>]–[>]

  indifference to fates of, [>]–[>]

  interwar Nazi policy on, [>], [>]–[>]

  Nazi pedagogy and, [>]

  propaganda about, [>], [>], [>]

  terms used for, [>], [>] (see also “subhumans”)

  women’s movement and, [>], [>]

  woods as hiding places for, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  Judenwurst (Jewish sausage), [>]

  Katz, Regina, [>]

  Katzmann, Friedrich, [>]

  Katzmann, Hilde, [>]–[>]

  Keller (gendarme chief), [>]

  Kempner, Robert, [>]–[>], [>]

  Kempner, Ruth, [>]–[>], [>]

  Khmer Rouge terror, [>]

  Khmilnyk, Ukraine, [>]

  Klebka (Jewish girl in Rivne), [>]–[>]

  Kneissler, Pauline, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  Kocborowo (Conradstein) asylum, [>]

  Koch, Ilse, [>], [>]

  Koonz, Claudia, [>]–[>], [>]

  Kracauer, Siegfried, [>]–[>]

  Krepp, Josefine. See Block, Josefine Krepp

  Kürbs, Erna. See Petri, Erna Kürbs

  Lächert, Hildegard, [>]

  Landau, Felix, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

  Landau, Gertrude Segel, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

  Langefeld, Johanna, [>]

  Latvia, Nazi-occupied, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Lauer, Amalie, [>]

  Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring, [>]

  League of German Girls (Bund deutscher Mädel, BdM), [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  Lebensraum (“living space”), Nazi visions of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]. See also eastern European territories

  Lemberg, Ukraine. See Grzenda plantation; Lviv (Lemberg), Ukraine

  Leonhard, Erna, [>]

  lethal injections, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Lida, Belarus, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]. See also Dick, Sabine; Meier, Liselotte

  Lidice, Czechoslovakia, [>]

  Lilienthal, Georg, [>]

  Lithuania, Nazi-occupied, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Lodz ghetto, [>]–[>]

  Loew, Dr. (Jewish dentist), [>]

  Lombroso, Cesare, [>]

  Luxemburg, Rosa, [>]

  Lviv (Lemberg), Ukraine, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]. See also Grzenda plantation; Janowska camp

  machinery of destruction, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  Majdanek concentration camp, [>]

  Maly Trostenets, Belarus, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  Mann, Michael, [>]

  marriage, regulation of, [>]–[>], [>]. See also racial mixing; wives of Nazis

  Maschmann, Melita, [>]

  mass-murder operations. See also Aktion against Jews; “euthanasia” program; genocidal techniques; entries for specific locations

  cases against female participants in, [>]

  everyday scenery and, [>]–[>], [>]

  male participants’ stories about, [>]–[>], [>]

  paperwork on, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  plunder depots and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  Volodymyr-Volynsky massacre and, [>]

  medical experiments, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  medical facilities. See also “euthanasia” program; nurses

  cases against women in, [>]

  field hospitals and, [>], [>]–[>]

  genocidal techniques and, [>], [>]

  killing of children in, [>], [>]

  nonmedical uses of, [>]–[>]

  postwar evacuation of, [>]

  Meier, Liselotte, [>]

  background of, [>]

  photograph of, [>]

  secretarial duties of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

  testimony of, [>], [>]–[>]

  Mein Kampf (Hitler), [>]–[>]

  memoirs, as documentation, [>]–[>]

  “mercy” killings, [>]–[>]. See also “euthanasia” program

  Meseritz-Obrawalde asylum, [>], [>]

  Meyer, Kathrin, [>]

  midwifery, [>], [>]

  Miedzyrzec-Podlaski ghetto Aktion, in Poland, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  Minsk, Belarus. See also Dick, Sabine; Erdmann, Brigitte

  field hospitals near, [>]

  Gestapo office in, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

  ghetto in, [>]–[>], [>]

  Jewish goods and, [>]–[>]

  killing operations in, [>]

  number of Jews killed in, [>]

  scenery in, [>], [>], [>]

 
; mobile security units. See Einsatzgruppen

  Moringen workhouse, [>]

  motherhood, Nazi ideals about, [>], [>], [>]–[>]. See also women’s roles

  birthrate after 1935 and, [>]

  female participation in violence and, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

  secretarial workers and, [>]

  selective breeding and, [>]

  motives of female participants, [>]–[>]. See also prosecution of war crimes

  environment and, [>], [>]–[>]

  explanations and, [>]–[>]

  female anti-Semitism and, [>]–[>]

  male-female dynamics and, [>]–[>]

  perpetrator mentality and, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  sadistic behavior and, [>]–[>]

  self-representations and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  Narodichi, Ukraine, [>]–[>]

  National Socialist Welfare Association (NSV), [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  National Socialist Women’s League (NSF), [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Nazi Party Women’s Organization. See National Socialist Women’s League (NSF).

  Nazi propaganda. See also ideological indoctrination

  on atrocities, [>]–[>], [>]

  on eastern land, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  on German women, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  on Jews, [>], [>]

  postwar fear and, [>]–[>]

  on relief workers, [>], [>]

  Nazi regime

  administrative work and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>] (see also secretaries)

  aftermath of defeat and, [>]–[>]

  early years of, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  imperial goals of, [>]–[>], [>]

  party membership and, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  place of women in, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  racial ideology of, [>]–[>]

  training in the East and, [>]–[>]

  Nazi women’s organizations, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]. See also women’s movement

  Nebe, Arthur, [>]

  Neuengamme camp, [>]–[>]

  normalization of violence, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  November 1938 pogrom (Kristallnacht), [>]

  Novgorod Volynsk (Zwiahel), Ukraine, [>]–[>], [>]

  NSV. See National Socialist Welfare Association (NSV)

  Nuremberg Laws, [>]

  Nuremberg trials, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]. See also prosecution of war crimes

  nurses, [>]–[>]. See also Kneissler, Pauline; Ohr, Erika; Schücking, Annette

  ages of, [>]

  explanations by, [>]–[>]

  Jewish, [>]

  killing by, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  recruitment of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  roles of, [>], [>]

  soldiers’ stories and, [>]–[>]

  traditional virtues of, [>], [>]–[>]

  uniforms of, [>], [>]

  nurturing, as female virtue, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  oathtaking, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Oberheuser, Herta, [>], [>]–[>]

  Ohlendorf, Otto, [>]–[>]

  Ohr, Erika, [>]

  after the war, [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  background of, [>]–[>]

  her journey east, [>]–[>]

  memoir of, [>], [>], [>]

  photograph of, [>]

  Operation Brandt, [>]

  Operation (Aktion) Reinhard, [>]

  oral histories, [>]

  Ostland. See Baltics, Nazi-occupied; Belarus, Nazi-occupied; eastern European territories

  Ostrausch (intoxication of the East), [>]

  Ottnad, Frau, [>], [>], [>]

  Owiñska (Treskau) asylum, [>]–[>]

  “packers” in the pits, [>]

  perpetrators, [>]–[>]. See also wives of Nazis

  commonalities of, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  mentality of, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  number of, [>]–[>], [>]

  nurses as, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  postwar silence of, [>]–[>]

  record of justice against, [>]–[>]

  Petri, Erna Kürbs, [>], [>], [>]

  background of, [>]–[>]

  photographs of, [>], [>], [>]

  prosecution of, [>]–[>], [>]

  shooting of six children by, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  testimony of, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  Petri, Horst, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  Piatydny, Ukraine, [>]

  Pieper, Paul, [>]

  Plöhnen ghetto, in Poland, [>]

  Poland, Nazi-occupied. See also Miedzyrzec-Podlaski ghetto Aktion, in Poland; Poznań, Poland; Warsaw, Poland

  colonizing agents in, [>]

  ghettoizing policy in, [>]

  schools in Warthegau region of, [>]

  stolen children from, [>]

  power

  politics in Weimar era and, [>]–[>]

  whip as symbol of, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  women in the East and, [>], [>]

  Poznań, Poland, [>], [>]–[>]

  prosecution of war crimes, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]. See also evidence of participation; Nuremberg trials; survivor witnesses, evidence from

  Altvater case and, [>]–[>]

  gender bias and, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

  ironies in, [>]–[>]

  press coverage and, [>], [>]

  secretaries and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  wives and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  women’s postwar loyalty and, [>]–[>]

  psychiatric patients, [>]–[>]

  psychological distancing, [>]–[>], [>]

  “racial hygiene”

  nursing roles and, [>], [>]

  prewar Nazi policies and, [>]

  as “progress,” [>]–[>]

  rape and, [>]

  selective breeding and, [>], [>]

  “subhumans” and, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  racial mixing, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  racism. See anti-Semitism; ideological indoctrination; marriage, regulation of; “racial hygiene”

  rape, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  Ravensbrück concentration camp, [>], [>]

  The Reader (Schlink), [>]

  recreational activities, [>]. See also everyday life during the Holocaust; shooting sprees

  hunting trips and, [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  mass-murder sites and, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  women’s “ghetto” experiences and, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  Red Swastika Sisters, [>]

  refusal to participate, [>], [>]

  Reich Air Raid Protection League, [>]

  Reichmann, Erna, [>]

  Reich Ministry of the Interior, [>]

  Reich Nurses League, [>]

  Reich Security Main Office, [>], [>], [>]

  resettlement administrators, [>], [>]

  revenge, fear of, [>]–[>], [>]

  Riedel, Liesel. See Willhaus, Elisabeth “Liesel” Riedel

  Riga, Nazi-occupied, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Rivne, Ukraine, [>]–[>]

  Romanov, Ukraine, [>]–[>]

  romantic outings, [>]–[>]. See also intimate relationships, and violence

  Roosevelt, Franklin D., [>]

  Rosenberg, Alfred, [>]–[>]

  Roth (German official), [>]

  “rubble women,” [>]–[>], [>]

  “rule of Nobody,” [>]

  rural settings. See also mass-murder operations

  killings in, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  woods as hiding places and, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  Saarland, [>]

  sadistic violence, [>], [>], [>]

  male perpetrators and, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

  secretary killers and, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

  wives and, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  salesclerks, [>]–[>]

  Schlink, Bernhard, [>]

  Schmidt, Eva Maria, [>]

  S
choltz-Klink, Gertrud, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  Schroeder, Christa, [>]–[>]

  Schücking, Annette, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  after the war, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  photograph of, [>]

  as witness, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  Schücking, Leon, [>]

  Schulz, Bruno, [>]–[>]

  Schwarz, Gudrun, [>], [>]

 

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