Paul Collier - Wars, Guns, and Votes

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  182–85

  Obasanjo, Olusegun, elections and,

  taxation’s role in, 173–176,

  17, 35, 37–40, 45–46

  179–82

  Odinga, Raila, 51, 70, 72, 73, 211

  national identity, ethnic politics

  opponents, restricting as election

  and, 66–73

  strategy, 34–35

  national sovereignty

  Organization for Economic Coop -

  international intervention and,

  eration and Development, 192,

  198–202

  232

  proposal for international in-

  Otieno, Mr. (Kenyan), 54–55

  tervention to supply security,

  Ouattara, Alassane, 158–60, 162,

  221–26

  165–66

  nationalism. See nation and state

  building

  Pakistan, 35, 223

  NATO, 232

  peace, post–Cold War shift away

  natural resources

  from violence and, 2–5

  of Cote d’Ivoire, 156–57, 166

  Peace Research Institute, 116

  lack of and need for international peacekeeping. See post-conflict aid, 215

  settlements

  post-conflict misuse of, 76–77

  Persson, Thorsten, 128

  predictability of civil war and,

  Plato, 108

  126–28

  political violence

  Ndung’u, Mjuguna, 33

  accountability, legitimacy, elec-

  neighbors, military spending and,

  tions and, 18–20, 46–47

  106–7

  guns, wars, and coups and, 5–10

  Netherlands, 174–75

  income levels and elections,

  Nigeria

  20–23

  elections and, 2, 17, 27, 35, 37–40,

  international community and

  43, 45–46

  interventions, 10–11

  ethnic politics and, 54, 57–58

  nation building and, 169–71,

  term limits and, 150

  176–77

  United States and, 212

  post–Cold War shift away from,

  Nkonjo-Iweala, Ngozi, 43, 45

  1–5

  Nkrumah, Kwame, 156, 196

  politics

  Northern Ireland, 57

  civil wars and, 132

  Index

  253

  in Cote d’Ivoire, 157–158

  Ranneberger, Michael, 50

  ethnicity and, 55–57

  rebellions, contrasted with coups,

  Polity IV scale

  141, 143–44

  civil war and, 132, 139

  regional cooperation, international

  coups and, 153

  intervention and, 191–96

  elections and, 36–37, 44

  Renfrew, Colin, 155

  post-conflict settlements and, 80

  repression, prediction of coups and,

  population size

  146

  civil war and, 130–31

  restricting the field, as election

  military spending and, 107

  strategy, 34–35

  post-conflict settlements, 75–100

  Revolutionary United Front (RUF),

  in Cote d’Ivoire, 86, 164–65

  89, 93

  economics and, 87–89

  Ribadu, Nuhu, 46

  economics and aid needs, 89–95

  Rohner, Dominic, 20–24, 123

  elections and, 79–83, 89

  Roman Empire, nation building

  instability after, 75–79

  and fall of, 172–73, 176

  international intervention and

  rule of law, 23, 46

  national sovereignty, 223–226

  Russia

  military spending and deter-

  elections and, 17

  rence, 112–113

  regional cooperation and, 192

  peacekeeping cost-benefit analy-

  term limits and, 150

  sis, 95–100

  Rwanda, 86, 103, 183–84, 223

  peacekeeping troops and, 83–87,

  89

  Sambanis, Nicolas, 83, 88

  power, violence and, 1–2

  São Tomé, 145

  presidents. See also autocracies

  Saudi Arabia, 127

  economic status and, 141–42

  Savimbi, Jonas, 124

  sovereignty and, 200–202, 231

  Sayeh, Antoinette, 216

  Principled Agents? (Besley), 25

  scapegoating, as election strategy, 30

  private-sector productivity, ethnic

  security

  politics and, 59–61

  government provision of, 229–30

  public services, ethnic politics and,

  international intervention and,

  58–59

  189–91

  public spending, proposal to enforce

  Selassie, Hailie, 144–45, 177

  probity in, 213–18

  “selectariat,” 65–66

  purges, 23–24

  self-determination, nation building

  Putin, Vladimir, 17

  and, 177

  254

  Index

  Senegal, 144, 208

  Sukarno, 230

  Short, Clare, 184

  Tamil Tigers, 133–134

  Sierra Leone

  Tanzania

  Cote d’Ivoire and, 164

  ethnic politics and, 66–68, 70,

  natural resources and civil war,

  71–72

  126

  nation building and, 185

  Sierra Leone

  regional cooperation and, 196

  post-conflict settlements and, 3,

  Uganda and, 183

  85–86, 89, 91, 92–93, 97, 98–99

  taxation

  skills of populace, post-conflict

  government accountability and,

  economic aid and, 92–95

  173–176, 179–182

  smallpox, 138

  post-conflict revenues and, 90–91

  social structure, civil wars and,

  Taylor, Charles, 165

  129–131

  term limits, prevention of coups

  Söderbom, Mans, 79

  and, 149–150

  Somalia, 138, 223, 233

  Thailand, 145

  Soro, Guillaume, 166

  Togo, 148, 164

  South Africa, 35, 66, 212

  Transdniestra, 185

  South Ossetia, 185

  Southern Sudan, 76–78, 131

  Uganda

  Spencer, John, 145

  civil war and, 135

  Sri Lanka, 80–81, 133–134

  economics and, 182–84

  state and nation building. See na -

  elections and, 17, 25

  tion and state building

  regional cooperation and, 194

  stock price, as arms embargo aid,

  security provision and, 223

  118

  term limits and, 150

  Stockholm Peace Research Institute UNITA, 16

  (SIPRI), 105

  United Kingdom

  Sudan, 3, 134–135

  Conservative Party in, 133–134

  Sudanese People’s Liberation Army

  fall of Roman Empire and nation

  (SPLA), 76–77, 135

  building, 172–173, 176

  Suez Crisis, 177

  international intervention and,

  Suharto

  226

  elections and, 16, 17

  peacekeeping in Sierra Leone,

  ethnic politics and, 66–67, 72

  85–86, 89, 98–99

  post-conflict settlements and,

  United Nations

  78�
��79

  arms embargoes and, 117

  Index

  255

  Cote d’Ivoire and, 164

  Wilson, Woodrow, 177

  Department of Peacekeeping

  World Bank

  Operations (DPKO), 85

  Cote d’Ivoire and, 160

  Development Program (UNDP),

  Country Policy and Institutional

  92

  Assessment of, 41, 153

  establishment of, 232

  International Bank for Recon -

  Human Rights Commission, 195,

  struction, 232

  226

  reporting on natural resources, 127

  national sovereignty and, 193,

  Wrong, Michela, 15

  199–203

  Peace-Building Commission, 75,

  Yugoslavia, 131

  85, 224

  peacekeeping operations data,

  Zaire

  83–85

  civil war and, 134

  R2P (responsibility to protect),

  coups and, 149

  218–19

  elections and, 15–16

  United States

  inflation in, 180

  Africa and, 211–12

  invasion of, 183

  European security after World

  Zambia

  War II, 232

  coups and, 148

  federal power and, 192

  elections and, 5, 17, 42

  regional cooperation and, 195

  Vall, Ely Ould Mohamed, 144, 206

  term limits and, 150

  Venezuela, 114, 150

  Zero Grazing campaign, in

  Versailles Treaty, 177

  Uganda, 183

  Vicente, Pedro, 32, 37–39

  Zimbabwe

  violence. See political violence

  elections and, 5–6, 16, 17–18, 30,

  votes, miscounting as election

  32, 34, 46

  strategy, 35–36, 38–39

  ethnic politics and, 58–59

  inflation in, 180

  Wantchekon, Leonard, 56

  international intervention and,

  War in Human Civilization (Gat),

  226–27

  126

  post-conflict settlements and,

  wars. See civil wars

  90–91

  Widner, Jennifer, 156

  regional cooperation and, 195

  Wigstrom, Christian, 197

  term limits and, 150

  About the Author

  PA U L C O L L I E R is a professor of economics at

  Oxford University. He is the author of The Bottom

  Billion, which won the Lionel Gelber Prize and the

  Arthur Ross Book Award of the Council on Foreign

  Relations. He lives in Oxford, England.

  Visit www.AuthorTracker.com for exclusive information

  on your favorite HarperCollins author.

  Credits

  Designed by William Ruoto

  Copyright

  WARS, GUNS, AND VOTES. Copyright © 2009 by Paul Collier. All

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  ISBN 978-0-06-176650-3

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  Document Outline

  CONTENTS

  Introduction: Democracy in Dangerous Places

  I: Denying Reality: Democrazy 1. Votes and Violence

  2. Ethnic Politics

  3. Inside the Cauldron: Post-Conflict Settlements

  II: Facing Reality: Nasty, Brutish, and Long 4. Guns: Fueling the Fire

  5. Wars: The Political Economy of Destruction

  6. Coups: The Unguided Missile

  7. Meltdown in Cote d’Ivoire

  III: Changing Reality: Accountability and Security 8. State Building and Nation Building

  9. Better Dead Than Fed?

  10. On Changing Reality

  Acknowledgments

  Appendix: The Bottom Billion

  Research on Which This Book Is Based

  Index

  About the Author

  Credits

 

 

 


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