The Kaiser
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[116] Neisser Zeitung.
[117] Philip Eulenburg: The Kaiser s Friend: Johannes Haller.
[118] A Field Marshal's Memoirs: Count von Waldersee.
[119] Philip Eulenburg: The Kaiser’s Friend: Johannes Haller.
[120] Grosse Politik
[121] Philip Eulenburg: The Kaiser's Friend: Johannes Haller.
[122] King George V: Harold Nicolson.
[123] Recollections of Three Reigns: Sir Frederick Ponsonby.
[124] Henry Ponsonby: His Life from His Letters: Arthur Ponsonby.
[125] Henry Ponsonby: His Life front His Letters: Arthur Ponsonby.
[126] Ten Years at the Court of St. James: Baron von Eckardstein.
[127] Letters of Queen Victoria.
[128] Letters of Queen Victoria.
[129] Ten Years at the Court of St. James: Baron von Eckardstein.
[130] Count Hadzfeldt was ill, so Count Metternich was sent instead.
[131] Philip Eulenburg: The Kaiser s Friend: Johannes Haller.
[132] German Diplomatic Documents.
[133] Philip Eulenburg: The Kaiser's Friend: Johannes Haller.
[134] Letters of Queen Victoria.
[135] In the autumn of 1895 seven thousand Armenians were butchered in the streets of Constantinople in broad daylight, their heads battered in by Kurdish clubs and their bodies Uttering the streets.
[136] German Diplomatic Documents: E. T. S. Dugdale.
[137] “Travailler pour le Roi de Prusse” is an idiom, meaning “to labour in vain.”
[138] Philip Eulenburg: The Kaiser s Friend: Johannes Haller.
[139] The Holstein Papers: edited by N. Rich and M. H. Fisher.
[140] German Diplomatic Documents: edited by E. T. S. Dugdale.
[141] Philip Eulenburg: The Kaiser's Friend: Johannes Haller.
[142] Philip Eulenburg: The Kaiser s Friend: Johannes Haller.
[143] German Diplomatic Documents: edited by E. T. S. Dugdale.
[144] The Holstein Papers.
[145] Letters of Queen Victoria.
[146] Letters of Queen Victoria.
[147] King Edward VII: Sir Sidney Lee.
[148] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[149] The Letters of Czar Nicholas and Empress Marie: edited by Edward Bing.
[150] The Letters of Czar Nicholas and Empress Marie: edited by Edward Bing.
[151] Grosse Politik.
[152] Letters of Queen Victoria.
[153] The Kaiser s Letters to the Czar: edited by N. F. Grant.
[154] Daisy, Princess of Pless.
[155] The Letters of Czar Nicholas and Empress Marie.
[156] The Letters of Czar Nicholas and Empress Marie.
[157] The Standart had been built in Denmark.
[158] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[159] Philip Eulenburg: The Kaiser s Friend: Johannes Haller.
[160] Philip Eulenburg: The Kaiser s Friend: Johannes Haller.
[161] Letters of the Empress Frederick.
[162] German Diplomatic Documents.
[163] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[164] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[165] Letters of the Empress Frederick.
[166] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[167] Grosse Politik.
[168] The Kaiser’s Letters to the Czar: edited by N. F. Grant.
[169] Letters of the Empress Frederick.
[170] The Kaiser s Letters to the Czar: edited by N. F. Grant.
[171] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[172] The Letters of Czar Nicholas and Empress Marie: edited by Edward Bing.
[173] Letters of Queen Victoria.
[174] Letters of Queen Victoria.
[175] Grosse Politik.
[176] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[177] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[178] Grosse Politik.
[179] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[180] Lord Carnock: Harold Nicolson.
[181] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[182] Philip Eulenburg The Kaiser’s Friend: Johannes Haller.
[183] A Field Marshals Memoirs: Count von Waldersee.
[184] Better Left Unsaid: Daisy, Princess of Pless.
[185] King Edward VII: Sir Sidney Lee.
[186] King Edward VII: Sir Sidney Lee.
[187] The Russians later insisted that their proposal did not envisage the use of force but was simply a suggestion for a joint protest to the British Foreign Office.
[188] Letters of Queen Victoria.
[189] The truth of these proceedings still remains a subject of controversy. For the two opposing versions see King Edward VII by Sir Sidney Lee, and From Bismarck to the First World War by Erich Brandenburg.
[190] Letters of the Empress Frederick.
[191] Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court: Count Zedlitz-Trutzschler.
[192] Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court: Count Zedlitz-Trutzschler.
[193] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[194] Journals and Letters of Reginald, Viscount Esher: edited by Maurice V. Brett.
[195] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[196] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[197] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[198] Grosse Politik.
[199] Letters of Joseph Chamberlain: Julian Amery.
[200] England reserved Tangier for herself, because of its position facing Gibraltar, and the control it gave of the Mediterranean seaboard.
[201] Grosse Politik.
[202] Grosse Politik.
[203] Grosse Politik.
[204] Journals and Letters of Reginald, Viscount Esher.
[205] When Tirpitz wrote his memoirs after the war, he referred to Treitschke as “that splendid man” and declared, “I cannot understand why the spirit of Treitschke has disappeared from the teaching of German history.” The omission was rectified under Hitler.
[206] Grosse Politik.
[207] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[208] King Edward VII: Sir Sidney Lee.
This story had a sequel. When Emil Ludwig’s biography of the Kaiser appeared after the war containing its cruel picture of the Empress, Sir Frederick felt that the time had come to let the records speak for themselves. The Kaiser, who by this time was in exile in Holland, did everything he could to prevent publication. He claimed that, as his mother’s heir, he was the lawful owner of the copyright. But after a long legal argument, the lawyers decided that the Empress had given the copyright to Sir Frederick and that he could dispose of the letters as he saw fit. The Kaiser wrote a preface to the German edition of the book, in which he said that his mother “always had a strong temper” and that after her husband’s tragic death “her nerves began to suffer severely.” “Everywhere,” he continued “she saw enemies harbouring aversion for her, hate even. She was sensitive. Anything hurt her. She was used to quick words and wrote them down…”
[209] Ten Years at the Court of St. James: Baron von Eckardstein.
[210] Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court: Count Zedlitz-Trutzschler.
[211] Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court: Count Zedlitz-Trutzschler.
[212] Fifty Years in a Changing World: Valentine Chirol.
[213] A Field Marshal's Memoirs: Count von Waldersee.
[214] King Edward VII: Sir Sidney Lee.
[215] My Memoirs: William II.
[216] Grosse Politik.
[217] German Diplomatic Documents.
[218] The Kaiser’s Letters to the Czar: edited by N. F. Grant.
[219] Grosse Politik.
[220] Japan sank the Russian ships before declaring war; unlike her action at Pearl Harbour thirty-seven years later this was regarded not as a treacherous act but as a brilliant stroke of war.
[221] The Kaiser’s Letters to the Czar: edited by N. F. Grant.
[222] The Kaiser’s Letters to the Czar: edited by N. F. Grant.
[223] The Kaiser’s Letters to the Czar: edite
d by N. F. Grant.
[224] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[225] A History of the English People: Elie Halevy.
[226] Memoirs of an Ambassador: Baron Schoen.
[227] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[228] President Theodore Roosevelt congratulated the Kaiser on having got rid of “that scamp Delcasse,” and praised his broad outlook in calling a conference to deal with Morocco.
[229] King Edward VII: Sir Sidney Lee.
[230] Grosse Politik.
[231] Erinnerungen: H. von Moltke.
[232] Grosse Politik.
[233] Grosse Politik.
[234] What the Kaiser thought he had achieved may be seen by a telegram which he drafted to President Roosevelt but which Bülow persuaded him not to send. “The Emperor Nicholas Ü and I have concluded an agreement to lend each other mutual help in case any European power should attack one of us, and France is to be co-signatory to it. In fact Germany enters the dual-alliance — originally concluded against it — as third party. So the triple-alliance and the dual-alliance — instead of glaring at each other for [no] purpose at all — join hands and the peace of Europe is guaranteed. This is the fruit of our understanding with France about Morocco, the fact, upon which you sent me so kind compliments. I am sure that this grouping of powers is leading to a general ‘détente’ will be of great use in enabling you to fulfil the great mission of peace, which Providence has entrusted to your hands for the good of the world.” Origins of the Second World War: Sidney Fay.
[235] Furst von Büloiv Denkusurdugkeiten.
[236] Grosse Politik.
[237]The Kaiser’s Letters to the Czar: edited by N. F. Grant.
[238] The Kaiser’s Letters to the Czar: edited by N. F. Grant.
[239] Grosse Politik.
[240] Italy’s defection was due, in fact, to a secret agreement with France promising support on the Moroccan issue in return for French help over Italian designs on Tripoli.
[241] Grosse Politik.
[242] Under the stimulus of Germany’s war threats Paris and London had opened secret military talks which were held regularly and continued until 1914.
[243] Bilder aus der Letzeten Kaiserzeit: Otto Hamman.
[244] Memoirs of the Kaiser's Court: Anne Topham.
[245]Philip Eulenburg: The Kaiser's Friend: Johannes Haller.
[246] Philip Eulenburg: The Kaiser's Friend: Johannes Haller.
[247] Philip Eulenburg: The Kaiser's Friend: Johannes Haller.
[248] Memoirs: William, Crown Prince.
[249] Philip Eulenburg: The Kaiser s Friend: Johannes Haller.
[250] This was not the case when Prince Bülow was accused of homosexuality by a crank named Brandt, about the same time. The Crown Prosecutor handled the proceedings and Bülow emerged with an untarnished name. He not only had the advantage of a fair hearing but his half-mad assailant could not be compared to Eulenburg’s sinister enemies.
[251] The Times: October 28, 1907.
[252] Philip Eulenburg: the Kaiser's Friend: Johannes Haller.
[253] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[254] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[255] Philip Eulenburg: the Kaiser s Friend: Johannes Haller.
[256] Philip Eulenburg: the Kaiser s Friend: Johannes Haller.
[257] Philip Eulenburg: the Kaiser s Friend: Johannes Haller.
[258] Philip Eulenburg: the Kaiser s Friend: Johannes Haller.
[259] Memoirs of the Kaisers Court: Anne Topham.
[260] Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court: Count Zedlitz-Trutzschler.
[261] The Kaiser's Letters to the Czar: edited by N. F. Grant.
[262] The Edwardian Era: Andre Maurois.
[263] Daisy, Princess of Pless.
[264] Letters to the Czar.
[265] King Edward VII: Sir Sidney Lee.
[266] My Memoirs: William, Crown Prince.
[267] Grosse Politik.
[268] Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court: Count Zedlitz-Trutzschler.
[269] Daisy, Princess of Pless.
[270] Daisy, Princess of Pless.
[271] Memories of the Kaiser's Court: Anne Topham.
[272] British Documents on the Origin of the War.
[273] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[274] Even the German public found these questions difficult to answer. “To the man in the street the uses to which the German Navy may be put are vague,” wrote the British Minister at Munich in January 1907, “but he feels more confident in the effect such a Fleet may have on foreign powers than in the capacity of the present diplomacy of the Wilhelmstrasse to protect the country. The feeling against England is to a great extent artificial but is unfortunately encouraged by the Imperial Government for the purpose of frightening the public into granting subsidies for the construction of big ships. If the Emperor asks for money for shipbuilding, he will get it.” British Documents on the Origins of the War.
[275] A History of the English People: Elie Halevy.
[276] King Edward VII: Sir Sidney Lee.
[277] German Diplomatic Documents.
[278] Dokumente: Admiral von Tirpitz.
[279] German Diplomatic Documents.
[280] German Diplomatic Documents.
[281] Great Contemporaries: Winston S. Churchill.
[282] The Letters of Czar Nicholas and Empress Marie.
[283] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[284] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[285] Lord Carnock: Harold Nicolson.
[286] British Documents on the Origin of the War: Memorandum by Sir Charles Hardinge.
[287] Grosse Politik.
[288] Tirpitz once declared that “an oiled eel is a leech compared to Bülow.”
[289] Sir M. de C. Findlay, the British Minister-Resident at Dresden, wired the Foreign Office: “I cannot exaggerate the rage and shame caused by Prince Bülow’s announcement. The German, especially the North German, prides himself on his organisation and thoroughness… and [yet] the Chancellor and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs have shown themselves utterly inefficient or culpably servile. All confidence was swept away…” British Documents on the Origin of the War.
[290] British Documents on the Origin of the War: Gooch & Temperley.
[291] Grosse Politik.
[292] This statement, on behalf of the Conservative Party, was published formally in the newspapers.
[293] Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court: Count Zedlitz-Trutzschler.
[294] British Documents on the Origin of the War: Gooch & Temperley.
[295] Grosse Politik.
[296] My Memoirs: William II.
[297] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[298] Memoirs: William, Crown Prince.
[299] Memories of the Fatherland: Anne Topham.
[300] Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court: Count Zedlitz-Trützschler.
[301] Grosse Politik.
[302] Under Three Reigns: Sir Frederick Ponsonby.
[303] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[304] Memoirs: Prince von Bülow.
[305] Daisy, Princess of Pless.
[306] British Documents on the Origin of the War.
[307] German Diplomatic Documents: edited by E. T. S. Dugdale.
[308] German Diplomatic Documents: edited by E. T. S. Dugdale.
[309] Grosse Politik.
[310] Grosse Politik.
[311] Grosse Politik.
[312] King George V: Harold Nicolson.
[313] Grosse Politik.
[314] From Bismarck to the World War: Erich Brandenburg.