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Asteroid Threat : Defending Our Planet from Deadly Near-earth Objects (9781616149147)

Page 27

by William E. Burrows


  International Academy of Astronautics (IAA). 2013 IAA Planetary Defense Conference White Paper. Flagstaff, AZ: IAA, April 2013.

  Johnson, Maj. Lindley N. Preparing for Planetary Defense: Detection and Interception of Asteroids on Collision Course with Earth. White paper in Spacecast 2020. Washington, DC: Air University, US Air Force, 1993.

  NASA Advisory Council, Final Report of the Ad-Hoc Task Force on Planetary Defense. October 6–7, 2010.

  Near-Earth Object Science Definition Team. Study to Determine the Feasibility of Extending the Search for Near-Earth Objects to Smaller Limiting Diameters: Report of the Near-Earth Object Science Definition Team. Washington, DC: NASA, August 22, 2003.

  McAndrew, James. The Roswell Report: Case Closed. Washington, DC: US Air Force, US Government Printing Office, 1997.

  Schweickart, Russell L., Thomas D. Jones, Frans von der Dunk, and Sergio Camacho-Lara. Asteroid Threats: A Call for Global Response. Edited by Jessica Tok. Association of Space Explorers International Panel on Asteroid Threat Mitigation, September 25, 2008.

  Spaceguard Survey Report. Asteroid and Comet Impact Hazards. Washington, DC: NASA, 1992.

  SCHOLARLY AND OTHER PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS

  American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). “Dealing with the Threat of an Asteroid Striking the Earth.” Position paper, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA, April 1990.

  American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). “Protecting Earth from Asteroids and Comets, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics: An AIAA Position Paper.” Position paper, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA, October 2004.

  Launius, Roger D. “Why Go to the Moon? The Many Faces of Lunar Policy.” Article presented at the American Astronautical Society meeting, Greenbelt, MD, March 17, 2004.

  Schweickart, Russell L. “A Call to (Considered) Action.” Presentation at the National Space Society International Space Development Conference, Washington, DC, May 20, 2005.

  Space Systems Technical Committee and Systems Engineering Technical Committee. “Responding to the Potential Threat of a Near-Earth-Object Impact: An AIAA Position Paper.” Position paper, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA, September 1995.

  Tagliaferri, Edward. “The History of AIAA's Interest in Planetary Defense.” AIAA paper 96-4381, AIAA Meeting Papers on Disc, September 1996.

  The Threat of Impact by Near-Earth Asteroids, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics of the Committee on Science. 105th Cong. (May 21, 1998). Statement of Clark R. Chapman, Southwest Research Institute.

  FILM

  Asteroids: Deadly Impact. Directed by Eitan Weinreich. Washington, DC: National Geographic Video, 2003. DVD, 60 min.

  1620 Geographos (asteroid), 82

  253 Mathilde (asteroid), 73

  2001: A Space Odyssey (film), 94, 95

  2012 DA14 (asteroid), 20

  433 Eros (asteroid), 57, 72, 73, 81

  99942 Apophis (asteroid). See Apophis asteroid

  Aberdeen Proving Ground, 149

  Acraman crater, 68

  Across the Space Frontier (Ryan), 152

  Action Team on Near-Earth Objects (Action Team 14), 133, 181

  Aerospace Corporation, 81

  A Fire in the Sky (film), 118

  Agnew, Spiro, 168

  Ailor, William, 81

  Aldrin, Buzz, 164, 167, 171, 217, 230

  ALH 84001 meteorite fragment, 69

  Alvarez, Luis, 49, 98–99, 103

  Alvarez, Walter, 48–50, 98–99, 111

  Alvarez group, 75, 84, 98, 182

  American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), 84, 85, 199–205

  American Interplanetary Society, 84, 200

  American Museum of Natural History, 68–69

  American Rocket Society, 84, 200

  Ames Research Center, 52, 171, 201

  antiballistic missile (ABM) System, 198

  antiballistic missiles (ABMs) for planetary defense, 198

  Apollo Asteroid 1989FC, 200

  Apollo program, 127, 167, 168, 175

  Apollo 9 mission, 136

  Apollo 10 mission, 225

  Apollo 11 mission, 165, 167–68

  command module, 164

  Apollo 12 mission, 168

  Apollo 17 crew, 86, 234

  Apophis asteroid, 22–23, 58, 87–88, 136, 140, 146, 194

  Applewhite, Marshall, 66

  Arentz, Robert F., 50, 89, 238

  Aristotle, 61

  Armageddon (film), 65, 112–16, 118, 135

  Armstrong, Neil, 164, 167, 171, 230

  Around the Moon (Verne), 219

  Arsenault, Cynda Collins, 143

  Arsenault, Marcel, 143

  Asaro, Frank, 49

  Asimov, Isaac, on the Apollo Program, 166–67

  Association of Space Explorers, 179, 181

  Asteroid (film), 119

  Asteroid: Earth Destroyer or New Frontier? (Barnes-Svarney), 65

  Asteroid Belt. See Main (or Asteroid) Belt

  asteroid-defense system, 211–12

  Asteroid Deflection Research Center, 206

  Asteroid Grand Challenge, 207

  Asteroids: Deadly Impact (film), 39, 71

  “Asteroid Structure, Trajectory, and Exploratory Reconnaissance Mission” (ASTER), 146

  Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS). See ATLAS project

  Asteroid Threats: A Call for Global Response (report), 180

  Atlantis shuttle orbiter, 112, 237

  ATLAS project, 189–91

  Baikonur Cosmodrome, 199

  Bainbridge, William Sims, 231

  Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp., 89, 137, 188

  Balmer, Edwin, 109

  Baltimore Sun, 158

  Barnes, John, 217

  Barnes-Svarney, Patricia, 65

  Barringer, Daniel M., 108–109

  Barringer Crater, 108–109

  Basilevsky, Alexander, 76

  Basinger, Jeanine, 115

  Baxter, Stephen, 135

  Bay, Michael, 65, 115–16

  Bay of Pigs, 161

  Bean, Alan L., 168, 169

  Benediktov, Kirill, 144–45

  Bennett, Adm. Rawson, 156

  Big Splat, The (Mackenzie), 68

  Binzel, Richard P., 53, 208

  Bisei Spaceguard Center, 83

  Bissell, Tom, 21–22

  Bobrowsky, Peter T., 65

  Boehm, Sidney, 110

  Bonestell, Chesley, 152

  Bong Wie, 206

  Bopp, Thomas, 66

  Borchininova, Alyona V., 18

  Boslough, Mark B. E., 80, 147

  Brazil, explosion over, 70, 124

  “Brick Moon, The” (Hale), 221

  Briyukova, Larisa V., 27, 29

  Broad, William J., 42

  Brown, Rep. George E., 54, 204–205

  Bruckheimer, Jerry, 65, 115

  B612 Foundation, 98, 103, 136–37, 173, 187, 201, 208

  Buck Rogers, 152

  Bykovsky, Valery, 160

  Caldwell-Moore, Alfred, 139

  California Academy of Sciences, 187

  California Institute of Technology, 227

  California Polytechnic State University, 215

  California Science Center, 237

  Camacho, Sergio, 181

  Canada, explosion over, 70

  Canavan, Gregory, 81, 82

  Carpenter, Scott, 160

  Carril, Luis Fernandez, 126

  Carusi, Andrea, 201

  Castro, Fidel, 161

  Catalina Sky Survey, 140, 146, 185–86

  Catledge, C. Turner, 156

  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 157

  Cernan, Gene, 217

  Chaffee, Roger, 168

  Challenger shuttle orbiter, 160

  Chang'e missions, 196–97

  Chapman, Clark R., 55, 57, 64, 76, 80, 81, 136, 13
7, 138, 142, 178–79, 187, 201, 208

  Charania, A. C., 135, 215

  CHECMATE (Compact High Energy Capacitor Module Advanced Technology Experiment), 213–14

  Chelyabinsk, Russia, 13–33, 69, 78, 181

  damage, 19, 135

  meteor explosion over, 16–20, 67, 123, 133, 134, 141, 145, 197, 225

  souvenir sales, 27–30

  Cheng, Andrew F., 73

  Cherkova, Anzhelika, 29

  Chernobyl nuclear power plant, 13–14

  Chicora, Pennsylvania, explosion over, 72, 124

  Chicxulub crater impact site, 37–38, 48–50, 74, 75, 98, 103, 123, 126, 132, 181

  China National Space Administration, 196

  Chinese astronomers, 62

  Chinese Moon program, 128, 197

  Citadel planetary defense program, 199

  Clarke, Arthur C., 54, 58, 82, 93, 94, 98, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 138, 182, 221–24, 226–27

  Clementine II space mission, 82, 99, 100

  Cleveland Plain-Dealer, 97

  Collier's magazine series, 152, 153, 232

  Collins, Michael, 164, 167, 171, 230

  “Colonization of Space, The” (O’Neill), 227

  Columbia shuttle orbiter, 225

  Comet, Revised (Sagan and Druyan), 65

  Comet/Asteroid Impact Hazards, The (Gold), 57

  Comet/Asteroid Impacts and Human Society (Bobrowsky and Rickman), 65

  Comet C/2012 S1 (a.k.a. Comet ISON), 66

  Comet Hale-Bopp, 66

  Comet ISON (a.k.a. Comet C/2012 S1), 66

  comets, 33–35, 62, 64, 229

  Comets (Yeomans), 25

  Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, 133, 144, 181, 206

  Compact High Energy Capacitor Module Advanced Technology Experiment (CHECMATE), 213–14

  Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization, 17

  Congress (US), 86, 105, 137, 146, 205, 207, 213

  Conquest of the Moon (Collier's article turned book), 152

  Conrad, Charles P., 168

  control of space, 152–53

  Copernicus, 45, 62

  Cosmic Catastrophes (Chapman and Morrison), 137

  Cosmos (book: Sagan; TV series), 65

  Curiosity Mars mission, 128

  d'Alviano, Father Fedele, 70

  Darwin, Charles, 36, 42, 93

  Darwin, George, 42

  Decision to Go to the Moon, The (Logsdon), 163

  Deep Impact (film), 111, 115, 118, 135, 137, 138

  Deep Space Network (DSN), 21, 171

  Defending Planet Earth (report), 88–89, 147–48, 205

  Defense Support Program 647 satellite, 124

  Department of Energy, 178

  Department of Planetary Defense (DPD), 172, 173, 205, 238

  Deputatskoye, Russia, 27

  DE-STAR (Directed Energy Solar Targeting of Asteroids) project, 215

  “Diogenes A” study, 179

  Discovery program, 72

  Diseases from Space (Hoyle and Wickramasinghe), 24, 35

  Disney, Walt, 30, 46, 116, 141

  Disneyland, Tomorrowland theme park, 150

  Disturbing the Universe (Dyson), 231

  DLR (German space agency), 211, 212

  Don Quijote mission, 58

  Doomsday, 91, 92, 107, 110, 123

  Doomsday Rock (film), 119

  Dragon spacecraft, 188

  Drolshagen, Gerhard, 195

  Druyan, Ann, 65

  Duke, Charles, 225

  Durda, Daniel D., 55, 57

  Duvall, Robert, 111

  Dyson, Freeman, 177, 231, 232

  Eagle Moon lander, 224

  Earth and Environmental Science Program, NYU, 80

  Eastern Mediterranean meteor event, 59, 70, 78–79, 134

  Economist (magazine), 134

  Einstein, Albert, 45

  Encounter with Tiber (Aldrin and Barnes), 217

  Endeavour shuttle orbiter, 237

  European Space Agency (ESA), 58, 103, 193, 194, 201

  European Space Research Institute, 194

  Exploration of Mars, The (Collier's article turned book), 152

  Exploration of Space, The (Clarke), 107, 222

  Explorers Club, 132

  Falcon 9 rocket, 188

  Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 199

  Federation of American Scientists, 84, 214

  Feynman, Richard, 177, 227

  Fire in the Sky, A (film), 118

  First Annual Symposium on Space Travel, 149, 151

  Fisher, Osmond, 43

  Flash Gordon, 152

  Forever Young (Young), 225

  Fort Bliss, 149

  Frenn, Darya, 17

  Friedman, Louis, 76

  From the Earth to the Moon (Verne), 219

  Gagarin, Yuri, 15, 157, 158, 159, 160, 199

  Galileo, 63

  Galileo spacecraft, 170

  Gehrels, Tom, 76, 80, 184

  Giertz, Bo (bishop), 101–102

  Giorgini, Jon D., 64, 146

  Glenn, John, 160

  Glenn Research Center, 171

  Glushko, Valentin, 158

  Goals in Space (Bainbridge), 231–32

  Goddard, Robert H., 167

  Goddard Space Flight Center, 147

  Gold, Robert E., 55, 57

  Gorbachev, Mikhail S., 117

  Gordon, Richard F., 168

  Great Library at Alexandria, 218

  Greenland, explosion over, 72, 124

  Grissom, Gus, 160, 168

  Gulag Archipelago, The (Solzhenitsyn), 154

  Haber, Heinz, 151

  Haberman, Clyde, 22

  Haggerty, Bruce M., 80

  Hale, Alan, 66

  Hale, Edward Everett, 221

  Hale, George Ellery, 44

  Halley, Edmond, 63–64

  Halley's Comet, 64, 99, 145

  Hammer of God, The (Clarke), 98, 99, 101, 103, 106, 125

  Harris, Alan, 212

  Hartley 2 comet, 195

  Harvard College Observatory, 141, 189

  Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 76

  Hawking, Stephen, 177

  Hayabusa spacecraft, 196

  Hayden Planetarium, 149, 153

  Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids (Gehrels), 215

  Heaven's Gate cult, 66

  Heinlein, Robert A., 94, 128

  Henson, Carolyn, 230

  Henson, Keith, 230

  High Frontier, The (O’Neill), 228

  Hoba meteorite, 68

  Homer, 92, 93

  House Committee on Science and Technology, 182

  Hoyle, Fred, 24, 34

  Hurricane Hunters (of the US Air Force), 176

  Hurricane Katrina, 36

  Hut, Piet, 56, 187

  Iliad, 92, 119

  Impact (TV series), 120

  Impact Disaster Planning Advisory Group (IDPAG), 134, 181

  Indian Ocean, explosion over, 70

  Indonesia, explosion over, 70

  Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 145

  International Academy of Astronautics (IAA), 206

  International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN), 31, 181

  International Astronomical Union (IAU), 23, 82, 100

  International Conference on Near-Earth Objects, 53, 79, 132. See also United Nations (UN), International Conference on Near-Earth Objects, April 1995

  International Geophysical Year (IGY), 156, 167

  International NEO Detection Workshop, 83, 177

  international planetary-defense program, 80, 175–216

  International Space Station (ISS), 127, 151, 221

  Intrepid Sea, Air and Space Museum, 237

  Italy, explosion over, 70

  Itokawa asteroid, 196

  Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 196

  Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), 21, 64–65, 95, 128, 136, 141, 145, 171, 186, 206, 233, 237

  Johns Hopkins
University Applied Physics Laboratory, 72, 73

  Johnson, Lindley N., 87, 129, 192–93, 201, 208

  Johnson, Samuel, 72

  Johnson Space Center, 171

  Jones, Thomas D., 208, 224

  Jupiter, 131

  Kaplan, Joseph, 152

  Kaupa, Lt. Douglas, 131

  Keldysh, Mstislav, 158

  Keller, Gerta, 75, 80, 132

  Kennedy, John F., 158, 161, 164, 224

  “We choose to go to the Moon” speech, 162–63

  Kennedy Space Center, 171, 237

  Kepler, Johannes, 63

  Khrushchev, Nikita S., 14, 158–59

  Knapp, Michelle, 71, 78

  Korolev, Sergei P., 158, 159, 161

  Kotov, Oleg, 14

  K-T event, 75, 132

  Kubrick, Stanley, 94

  Kuiper Belt, 185

  Kuznetsov, Denis, 18

  Lake Chebarkul, 29

  Lake Huron, explosion over, 72, 124

  Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 178

  Leaves of Grass (Whitman), 125

  Leonov, Aleksei, 160

  Levy, David H., 40–42

  Lewis, John, 81, 82

  Ley, Willy, 151

  L5 Society, 230, 231

  Lifecloud: The Origin of Life in the Universe (Hoyle and Wickramasinghe), 34

  Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) program, 140, 186

  Little Prince, The (Saint-Exupéry), 193

  Logsdon, John M., 163–64, 201

  Los Alamos National Laboratory, 81

  Los Angeles Times, 28

  Lovell, Bernard, on the Apollo program, 166

  Lowell, Percival, 183

  Lowell Observatory, 44, 183

  Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search (LONEOS), 184

  Lu, Ed, 56, 136, 173, 187, 201

  Lucifer's Hammer (Niven and Pournelle), 95, 96, 106

  Lukaszczyk, Agnieszka, 135

  lunar base, 169. See also Moon, base

  Magellan mission, 170

  Main (or Asteroid) Belt, 23, 67, 69

  Manicouagan crater, 68, 131

  Manning, Gordon, 151

  “Man Will Conquer Space Soon” (Collier's magazine series), 162

  Mariner missions, 170

  Mars, 37, 46

  colony, 222

  expedition to, 127–28

  Mars as the Abode of Life (Lowell), 183

  Marsden, Brian, 76, 80

  Marshall Islands fireball, 124

  Marshall Space Flight Center, 171

  Maslin, Janet, 112, 114

  Mayak accident, 13–14, 30

  McCarthy, Todd, 115

  McDevitt, Jack, 120

  McMillan, Robert S., 184, 216

  McNamara, Robert S., 206

  Mead, Margaret, on the Apollo program, 166

  Medvedev, Dmitry, 23, 199

  Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics, 159

 

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