Twilight of the Gods

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Conical Hill, Okinawa, 624

  Conrad, Joseph, 399

  conscription, 415

  contact exploder, 323–24

  Cooper, Frankie, 784, 785

  Cooper, USS, 389

  Coral Sea, Battle of, 25, 26

  CORONET, Operation, 645–46, 673

  Corregidor, 15, 468

  Corsair (F4U), 149, 378, 379, 560, 584, 586

  Cosgrave, Francis J., 457

  Cosgrave, L. Moore, 761–62

  coup d’etat attempt (Kyu¯jo¯ Incident), 733–36

  Covert, James, 786

  Coward, Jesse, 251

  Cowpens, USS, 169–70, 173, 398, 401

  Craig, Edward, 500

  “Cripple Division 1,” 169–70

  Crommelin, Charlie, 483

  Crosby, Bing, 788

  cumulative operational strategies, 310, 333–34

  cumulativists, sequentialists vs., 314–16

  Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company, 416

  Curtiss SB2C “Helldiver,” 99–100, 124, 218–22, 231, 422, 483, 561, 584–86

  reduction of carrier complement, 378–80

  Cutter, Slade, 333

  CVEs (escort carriers), 104–5, 207, 239, 252, 261–67, 270, 280, 287. 290. 293–94, 368–69, 379, 417, 426, 565

  CVLs (Independence-class light carriers), 101, 398

  D4Y Suisei dive bomber, 225, 382, 561

  Dace, USS, 213, 215–18, 351

  Dale, USS, 102–3

  Daly, USS, 255

  Darter, USS, 213, 215–18, 220

  Dashiell, USS, 393

  Daspit, Dan, 324

  Dauntless Dotty (B-29), 348

  Davao Gulf, 122

  Davies, James, 690–91

  Davies, John H., 543

  Davis, Arthur C., 618

  Davis, Bill, 124, 167, 272, 421, 424

  Davis, Elmer

  and coverage of naval losses, 28

  and FDR’s 1944 Pacific tour, 49

  and King’s censorship of Savo Island naval losses, 27

  and news coverage of Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, 28

  and OWI, 24–25

  on themes of propaganda messages late in war, 666

  Davison, Ralph

  Bonins raids, 119

  and Franklin explosion during Japanese airstrike off Shikoku, 562

  and Halsey’s pursuit of Northern Force, 240

  in Palau, 123

  and suicide attacks against Task Force 38.4, 370–71

  and Task Force 58, 559

  and Task Group 58.4, 115

  DDT, 152–53

  dead zones, 603

  Deal, Bob, 285

  Dealey, Sam, 333

  defense-in-depth strategy, 474–75

  “delousing,” 380

  demobilization, 778–83

  and attitudes in U.S. at late stages of WWII, 404–5

  and concern for security consequences, 779–80

  and fear of economic slump, 414

  veterans’ readjustment to civilian life, 782–88

  veterans without enough points for discharge, 788

  Democratic National Convention (Chicago, 1944), 46–50

  Denver, USS, 254, 257, 384

  “depression psychosis,” 414

  Derevyanko, Kuzma, 756, 758

  Desposito, 390–91

  Destroyer Squadron 54, 251

  Destroyer Squadron 56, 253

  DETACHMENT, Operation, 486, 496; See also Iwo Jima

  Detroit, 408–9

  Dewey, Thomas, 46

  and election of 1944, 38–39, 203, 410, 411

  and MacArthur’s candidacy in 1944 presidential race, 41, 42

  charge that politics had guided allocations in Pacific, 42

  two-theater command setup as election issue, 369

  Dewey, USS, 397, 400

  Deyo, Morton L., 568, 581, 598, 599

  Dickins, Randolph, Jr., 413

  Diller, LeGrande “Pick,” 32–34, 36–37, 40

  Dinah Might (Superfortress), 505

  diplomacy, 183–85

  Dirty Tricks Department, 114, 120–21, 127–28, 171, 242, 300, 308, 314, 626, 750; See also Third Fleet

  discharge, of U.S. servicemen, 778–79; See also demobilization

  discharge points, 780, 788

  Disney, Walt, 96

  divorce rate, postwar, 785

  Domei News Agency, 703, 725, 726, 757

  Donitz, Karl, 180

  Doolittle, James, 720

  Doolittle Raid (April 1942), 162, 300, 342, 347, 480, 528, 720

  Dos Passos, John, 455, 536–37

  Douglas, William O., 48

  Douglas Aircraft Company, 61, 74, 79, 416, 488, 520, 780, 788

  Douglas C-54 Skymaster, 61, 520

  Douglas Skymaster “Flying Ambulance,” 488, 512

  DOWNFALL, Operation, 645–48, 674, 681

  Doyen, USS, 433

  draft inductions, 415

  Drake, Waldo, 21–22, 81

  Dresden, 541, 542

  dual-command arrangement, 305–6

  DuBose, Laurance T., 173, 291

  Dugway Proving Ground (Utah), 540

  Dulles, Allen, 654n

  Dunn, William J., 19, 444–46, 455, 601, 754

  Dyer, Tom, 795n55

  “dying well,” 299

  E46 cylindrical finned bomb, 540–41

  Early, Stephen T., 5, 8, 46, 81

  East China Sea, xvim, 318–19, 331, 333, 565, 577–81, 587m, 605, 631m, 636, 646m, 789

  Eastern Army, 733, 736

  E-base, 418–19

  Echizen Maru (Japanese fuel tanker), 332

  E Company, 2nd Battalion, 28th Marines, 495, 507

  economy, U.S., 313, 404, 407, 413–15, 769, 773, 783

  Eden, Anthony, 675

  Edwards, Richard S., 538

  Eichelberger, Robert L.

  and CORONET, 645

  on Leyte conditions since invasion, 385

  at Luzon, 433, 442

  and MacArthur’s account of Honolulu conference, 70

  and MacArthur’s candidacy in 1944 presidential race, 40, 41

  on MacArthur’s declaration of victory on Luzon, 449

  and MacArthur’s public relations strategy, 34–35, 38

  and opposition to CAUSEWAY, 92

  on resistance to Eighth Army in Japan during occupation, 767

  unloading of supplies at Leyte, 364

  Eighth Army

  and CORONET, 645

  in Japan, 763

  at Luzon, 433, 434, 442, 453

  on Palawan Island, 469

  resistance in Japan during occupation, 767

  8th Cavalry Regiment, 365

  81st Infantry Division (“Wildcats”), 133, 143, 150, 156–59

  873rd Bomb Squadron, 525

  Eisenhower, Dwight D.

  1952 Iwo Jima visit, 518

  Philippines investigation, 14–16

  Quezon’s offer of payments to, 53

  U.S. debate over USSR’s involvement in East Asian war, 674

  warnings about premature expectations of German surrender, 415

  Eldorado, USS, 487, 491, 496

  election of 1940 (U.S.), 6

  election of 1942 (U.S.), 17, 27, 28

  election of 1944 (U.S.), 410–13

  “Battle of the Statler Hotel,” 413

  and debates over Pacific strategy, 77

  Fala speech, 411–12

  FDR’s nomination at Democratic National Convention, 49–50

  FDR’s running mate selection, 47–48

  FDR’s tour of Oahu, 68

  kamikaze program and, 203

  MacArthur and, 38–43

  two-theater command setup as issue in, 369

  11th Airborne Division, 755–56

  at Atsugi Airbase, 749

  Atsugi airlift, 753

  at Luzon, 442, 448, 460

  at Ormoc, 389, 390

  elimination flying, 418–19

  Ellis, Bill, 221, 222

&
nbsp; Embick, Stanley D., 51

  Eniwetok, 54, 104, 105, 115, 116–17, 119, 159, 161, 39`

  Enola Gay, 692–97

  Enright, Joseph F., 350–59, 361–62

  Enterprise, USS (CV-6)

  and Bunker Hill kamikaze attack, 617

  kamikaze attack, 618

  at Kyushu, 559, 560

  Battle of the Sibuyan Sea, 228–30

  and Southern Force approach to Leyte, 220

  and suicide attacks against Task Force 38.4, 370

  entertainment business, 407–8

  Erskine, Graves B., 92, 498, 508, 513, 514

  escort carriers (CVEs), 104, 261–62, 261–65, 270

  Espionage Act of 1917, 11

  Essex, USS (CV-9), 167, 223–25

  at Iwo Jima, 489

  Battle of the Sibuyan Sea, 228, 229

  suicide attacks against, 382

  and Task Group 58.3, 115

  and Yamato’s last sortie, 581

  Essex air group, 581

  Essex-class fleet carriers (CVs), 101, 107, 114, 118, 262, 267, 354, 628

  Evans, Ernest E., 268, 269–70, 285, 286, 293

  exhumation operations, 778

  F4U Corsair, 149, 378, 379, 560, 584, 586

  F-13 (photo reconnaissance plane), 347

  Fahey, James J., 383, 384, 763, 764

  Fala (FDR’s Scottish terrier), 48–49, 40, 48, 412

  subject of “Fala speech,” 411–12

  famine, 187

  Fanshaw Bay, USS

  and MAGIC CARPET, 791–92

  Battle off Samar, 267, 283, 284, 287

  suicide attack on, 289

  Farragut-class destroyers, 399–400

  “Fat Man” (plutonium bomb), 691, 709–16

  FDOs (fighter director officers), 100, 580–81, 594, 598

  Ferebee, Thomas, 694

  Fermi, Enrico, 671, 676, 682

  Fields, Thomas, 478

  Fife, James, 656

  Fifth Air Fleet (Japan), 52

  air strategy for Ryukyus and East China Sea, 577–78

  attacks on airfields used by, 596

  kamikaze attack on Task Force 58 at Ulithi, 558–59

  skirmishes before Okinawa invasion, 567

  and Ugaki’s suicide, 742, 744

  Fifth Air Force

  and Battle of the Bismarck Sea, 35, 36

  and Leyte Island, 365

  at Luzon, 433

  Mindanao bombings, 122

  and Okinawa air defense, 629

  Fifth Amphibious Corps (VAC), 54, 486–87, 497, 500, 504

  Fifth Artillery Command (Japan), 576

  5th Cavalry Regiment, 455

  Fifth Fleet, 96–111, 429

  command turnover at Okinawa, 626

  new task group commanders, 115

  Battle of the Philippine Sea, 51, 110–11, 277, 301

  at Saipan, 54–56

  Spruance and, 54–56, 107–11, 242, 301–2, 486, 565, 613, 619

  Tang and, 332–33

  “two-platoon” command, 112–13, 307, 626

  5th Marine Division, 49, 485, 486, 487, 494, 504, 507

  and FDR’s 1944 Pacific tour, 49

  at Iwo Jima, 487, 504, 515

  in Japan, 763

  at Motoyama Plateau, 498

  at Okinawa, 607

  at Mt. Suribachi, 494

  Fifth Naval Construction Brigade, 535

  Fifteenth Fighter Group, 503–4

  51st Seabee Battalion, 161

  Fifty-Fifth Street Coach Yard (Chicago), 47

  58th Bombardment Wing, 660

  fighter director officers (FDOs), 100, 580–81, 594, 598

  Finback, USS, 119

  fireball, 697

  firebombing, See incendiary bombing attacks

  “Fireside Chat,” 9

  firestorms, 697

  First Air Fleet (Japan), 199

  First Army (Japan), 654

  1st Cavalry Division, 452

  at Baliuag, 444–45

  at Luzon, 443, 460

  at Ormoc, 389

  in Tokyo, 762–63

  First Division (Japan), 366–68

  First Far East Front, 706

  First Japanese Infantry Division, 386–87, 389

  1st Marine Division

  amphibious landing on Peleliu, 134–39

  and BELEAGUER, 789–90

  and Hill 60, Okinawa, 607

  on Okinawa, 590

  Okinawa casualties (June 11–June 18, 1945), 632

  and Okinawa command, 566

  Okinawa landing, 569, 572

  on Pavuvu, 130–32

  on Peleliu, 128, 130, 150, 157

  at Shuri Castle, 626

  at Shuri Line, 605

  First Mobile Force (Japan), 188, 213n, 218

  1st Squadron, 9th Bombardment Group, 505

  First Striking Force (Japan), 188, 213n

  Fish, Hamilton, 38

  503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment, 468

  509th Composite Group, 691, 709, 710, 713

  511th Parachute Regiment, 442

  Flanagan, Edward, 453

  flash burns, 697

  Flasher, USS, 333

  flathatting, 423–24

  Flatley, Jim, 241, 618

  fleet oilers, 189

  Fleming, Robert W., 432

  FLINTLOCK, 106

  “floating chrysanthemums” (Kikusui) attacks, 579, 593, 601, 608, 610

  April 12 attack off Okinawa, 598–99

  first attack off Okinawa, 580

  radar picket vessels lost to, 596

  Fluckey, Gene, 333

  Flyboys (Bradley), 119

  Flying Fish, USS, 658

  food shortages, 176–78, 187, 765–66

  FORAGER, Operation, 342

  Ford Willow Run manufacturing complex (Ypsilanti, Michigan), 407

  Formosa, 50, 54, 425; See also CAUSEWAY, Operation

  Formosa, Air Battle of, 162–71, 174, 180, 192

  Forrestal, James

  court of inquiry on Halsey’s and McCain’s conduct during typhoon, 629

  on demobilization, 780

  and FDR memorial services, 600

  and Halsey’s message on victory over Japanese fleet, 306

  and Iwo Jima press coverage, 496, 518

  and Japanese conditions of surrender, 727, 728

  and merger of War and Navy Departments, 18, 496

  and navy press coverage, 18, 109, 306, 496, 518

  Oval Office meeting on strategy late in war, 673

  at Red Beach, Iwo Jima, 496

  significance of Mt. Suribachi on postwar defense establishment, 496

  and Soviet ambitions in Far East, 643–44

  “four-condition” response to Potsdam Declaration, 720–22

  4th Marine Division

  at Amphitheater, 507, 509

  departure from Iwo Jima, 515

  at Iwo Jima, 487, 504

  Iwo Jima casualty rate among medical corpsmen, 492

  and Iwo Jima landing, 492

  at Motoyama Plateau, 498, 500

  on northeast coast of Iwo Jima, 513

  4th Marine Regimental Combat Team, 751–53

  Fourth Air Army, Japan, 372–73

  Fourteenth Air Force, 342

  Fourteenth Division, Kwantung Army, 144–45

  40th Division, 435, 438, 441

  43rd Division, 435–36, 438

  Forty-Seventh Sentai air group, 349

  Forty-Fourth Independent Mixed Brigade (Japan), 625

  498th Bombardment Group, 544

  Fox, Charles, 278, 279

  Frank, Anne, 745

  Frank, Richard B., 649

  Franklin, USS (CV-13)

  attacked during operations off Shikoku, 561–62

  Battle off Cape Engano, 272

  damage from suicide attacks, 382

  at Formosa, 168–69

  Battle of the Sibuyan Sea, 229–30

  and suicide attacks against Task Force 38.4, 370–71

&nb
sp; and Task Group 58.4, 115

  Franks, USS, 263, 284, 580

  Fraser, Sir Bruce, 432, 566, 758

  “free speech” policy, Japanese, 179–80

  Freligh, Bob, 230–31

  Fujita, Iyozo, 373

  Fukkaku Jinchi, 473

  fukkaku (“honeycomb”) subterranean defensive position, 145, 475–76, 773–74

  Fukudome, Shigeru, 164–66, 172, 174, 181

  on decision to go to war, 771

  Battle of the Sibuyan Sea, 228

  and suicide attacks, 373

  Fukuryus (“crawling dragons”) suicide divers, 195

  Full House (weather plane), 693

  Funato, Kazuyo, 549, 551

  Funato, Yoshiaki, 549

  Funkel, Walter K., 457

  Fuso (Japanese battleship), 220, 247, 249, 251–53, 258, 259

  Futaba School (Tokyo), 552

  G4M bomber, 560, 567

  Gadd, Peter, 248, 249

  Galbraith, John Kenneth, 406

  Galer, Robert E., 516

  Gallup poll, 726

  GALVANIC, Operation, 302, 648

  Gambier Bay, USS, 204, 266, 283–87, 293

  gamma rays, 697

  Garcia, John, 634

  Gardner, Matt, 559

  Gehres, Leslie, 561, 562

  Geiger, Roy S., 133

  at Japanese surrender ceremony on Missouri, 758

  and Okinawa command, 566

  on Peleliu, 143, 150

  transfer of Peleliu command to Mueller, 157

  Genchi Shobun (“Local Disposal”), 448

  Genda, Minoru, 523

  gender roles, 784–85

  Genju Shobun (“Harsh Disposal”), 448

  Germany, 79, 158

  air attacks on civilian populations, 541

  alliance with Japan, 186, 311, 768, 770

  defeat of, 414–15, 619, 645, 650, 665, 780

  Dresden firebombing, 541

  and potential to build atomic bomb, 667

  Potsdam Conference, 655. 672, 675, 682

  and precision bombardment, 347, 522

  “stab in the back” myth after WWI, 83

  war with Soviet Union, 184–86, 655

  GI Bill, 782, 783, 788

  Gilbert Islands, xviim, 94, 106, 133, 302, 486, 777

  Girl Crazy (musical), 536

  GNP (gross national product), 405–6

  Goat Island, See Naval Torpedo Station

  Grant, Ulysses S., 82–83

  Grant, USS, 257

  graves, 139, 147, 153, 213, 501, 505, 511, 552, 636, 700, 777–78

  Graves Registration Service (GRS), 778

  Great Artiste, The (instrument plane), 693–97, 710–12

  Great Britain, 311, 541, 667–68, 675, 687, 703, 705, 733, 737, 768, 770

  Great Kanto earthquake and fire (1923), 529, 550, 552

  “Great Marianas Turkey Shoot,” 111, 124, 271

  Green Beach, Iwo Jima, 489

  Grew, Joseph C., 672–73, 682–83

  Griswold, Oscar W., 433

  Clark Field attack, 440–41

  at Intramuros, 461

  at Luzon, 438, 452

  in Manila, 448–50

  and Quezon Bridge, 447

  gross national product (GNP), 405–6

 

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