MacArthur’s plans, 50, 93
and Pacific strategy disputes, 52, 53
Luzon Central Plain, 437
LVTs (amtracs), 136
lynching, 788
M47 incendiary bombs, 546
M69 napalm incendiary submunition, 540–41, 547, 548
Maas, Melvin, 28, 32
Mabalacat Airfield/Clark Field (Luzon), 12, 200, 201, 287, 438–41
Macao, 428
MacArthur, Douglas
advance on Manila, 443m
anti-Semitism of, 40
appointment as SCAP in occupied Japan, 728
arrival at Lingayen Gulf, 435
arrival in Japan, 753–54
assertion of authority in Japan after surrender, 748
attitudes toward FDR, 39–40, 63, 67–69
attitudes toward U.S. Navy, 35–36, 37, 71, 386, 647–48
Bilibid Prison liberation, 448
on bombardment of Leyte prior to landing, 208
Cabanatuan POW camp rescue operation, 441
cable to JCS on future course of Pacific War, 93–94
as COMAFPAC, 647–48
and command structure in Pacific, 305–6, 647
debate on Allied invasion of Japanese home islands, 645
departure from Hollandia, 204
disputes over B-29 use, 315
DOWNFALL draft plan, 647
Robert Eichelberger and, 34–35
and Eisenhower’s Philippines investigation, 14–16
and election (1944), 38–43
end of Japanese resistance on Leyte, 391
failure to understand Japanese position in Manila, 462–63
FDR letter after Honolulu conference, 87–88
and FDR’s 1944 Hawaiian visit, 61–78
and FDR’s Oahu inspection tour, 65
and 1st Cavalry, 443–44
flag-raising ceremony on Corregidor, 468
and grand strategy in Pacific, 42–43
guarantee of safe conduct for military emissaries, 750
and Halsey’s actions in typhoon, 402
and Halsey’s “Bull” nickname, 309
and Halsey’s Leyte strike proposal, 126, 127
Halsey’s message about Third Fleet fatigue after Leyte Gulf, 368, 369
at Holmes villa (Waikiki), 69
and Honolulu conference, 70–71, 85
implied criticism of Iwo Jima operation, 517, 518
and Japanese cooperation after surrender, 749
and Japanese invasion of Philippines, 12
on Japanese penetration into Leyte Gulf, 304–5
at Japanese surrender ceremony on Missouri, 757, 760, 761
and JCS cable on Luzon and Formosa, 88–89
Joint Chiefs March 1944 orders, 50
lack of direct criticism of Halsey in action report, 306
and Leyte, 92
Battle of Leyte Gulf naming, 292
and Leyte operation plans, 206
and Leyte troop landing, 210–11
at Lingayen Gulf, 425, 433
at Luzon, 438, 442–43
Luzon campaign declaration, 470
Luzon headquarters moved to San Miguel, 440
Malacañang Palace ceremony, 463–64
in Manila, 446
Manila victory declaration, 448–49
Nimitz and, 647
opposition to CAUSEWAY, 92
Pacific strategy disputes, 51–53
paid by Quezon, 53
Pearl Harbor warnings, 12
and Philippines in 1942, 15
pledge to return to Philippines, 76
policies as inimical to Japan’s historical memory of the war, 776
and the press, 12–14, 32–37, 64, 211, 449, 757
prohibition of aerial bombing of Manila, 454
reaction to strafing of SWPA headquarters, 386
recapturing of islands south of Luzon, 469
revision of Mindoro and Luzon invasion plans, 385, 386
and Sho-1, 188
speech upon return to Philippines, 211–12
Task Force 58’s support of Hollandia invasion, 106
and Third Fleet air support for Lingayen Gulf operation, 428
and “three K’s,” 205
troop reduction in occupied Japan, 767
U.S. debate over USSR involvement in East Asian war, 674
in Yokohama, 755
McCain, John S. “Slew,” 115, 218, 425
command turnover at Okinawa, 626
court of inquiry on conduct during typhoon, 629–30
death of, 630
at Formosa, 169
messages from Halsey about San Bernardino Strait, 274
order assigning newest planes to frontline service, 417
thrown into lagoon at Eniwetok, 117
and Task Force 38, 115–17, 429
and Task Group 58.1, 115
and typhoon (June 5, 1945), 627–28
and typhoon (December 17, 1944), 395, 396, 400
as unlikely replacement for Halsey, 307
McCampbell, David, 99, 223–24
McCandless, Charles S., 149, 153, 162, 780
McCarten, John, 40–41
McClellan, George B., 39
McClintock, David, 213, 215–17
McCollum, Arthur, 385, 386
McCormick, Robert R. “Bertie,” 5, 6, 39
McDermott, USS, 252
Mace, Sterling, 148, 150, 590
McFadden, Don, 409–10
McGowan, USS, 251–52
McIntire, Ross T., 47, 49, 67, 77, 81
McKelway, St. Clair, 539, 542, 553
McKinney, Thomas, 630
McWhorter, Hamilton, 423, 482
Maddox, USS, 428
Maeda, Takeshi, 738
MAGIC CARPET, Operation, 780–81, 791–92
MAGIC code, 680
magnetic influence detonator, 323
Mahan, USS, 391
Mailer, Norman, 790, 852–53n100
Mainichi Shinbun, 171–72, 372, 528
Makin, 106
Malacañang Palace (Manila), 447, 452, 463–64
Malinovsky, R.Y., 706
Malinta Tunnel, Corregidor, 468
Manchester, William, 605, 622
Manchuria
Potsdam discussions, 675
Red Army preparations for invasion, 681
as source of raw materials for Japan, 311
Soviet attack on, 706–9
Soviet declaration of war against Japan, 706
Soviet Union’s role in war against Japan, 86
Manhattan Project, 85, 668–72, 674, 681–82
Manila, 12, 200, 214m, 394
Battle of, 438–68
carrier strikes on, 123, 292, 377
description, 449–50
Japanese atrocities, 447, 455–60, 462, 465–67, 542
Japanese headquarters, 366, 387, 390
Japanese truce delegation at, 750
Japanese use of civilians as hostages, 455–56
MacArthur and, 13, 50, 438, 442, 428, 438, 601, 645, 748–49
Nimitz visits, 647
plans to recapture, 56, 75, 87–88, 93, 433
refugees, 464
U.S. demobilization in, 780
U.S. securing of water supply, 445
Manila Bay, 56, 387, 436, 442, 443m, 450
description after battle of Manila, 464, 468
U.S. carrier airstrikes, 260, 292, 377, 387
Manila Naval Defense Force, 451, 456–57
Manus, Admiralty Islands, 119, 204
Mao Zedong, 94, 727
Mare Island, California, 325
Mariana Islands, 118, 159, 186–87, 191, 488, 509, 684, 692, 748, 777
and 21st Bomber Command, 315, 343–44, 350, 519, 527–55
airbases (March 1945), 526m
atomic bomb components delivered to, 684
as base for invasion of Formosa, 56, 91
battle for, 50–51, 74, 109–11, 115, 124, 241, 302, 352
difficulties preparing U.S. airfields on, 519–21
runway bottlenecks, 520–21
Task Force 58 and, 106
Marine Corps Base (San Diego), 49
Marine Fighter Squadron 124, 489
Marine Fighter Squadron 213, 489
Mark 14 steam torpedo, 322–24
Mark 18 electric torpedo, 324–25, 331
Marks, James A., 400
Marshall, George C.
and atomic bomb orders, 684
and command structure in Pacific, 305, 648
and debate on invasion of Japanese home islands, 645
and Dewey’s attempt to use Pearl Harbor as election issue, 411
disputes over B-29 use, 315
and FDR’s Hawaii visit, 57
on Imperial Iron and Steel Works mission, 342
and MacArthur’s account of Honolulu conference, 70
and MacArthur’s press relations, 35–37
and MacArthur’s response to JCS cable on Formosa, 89
and Manhattan Project, 668
off-the-record press briefings, 29
Oval Office strategy meeting late in war, 673
on pace of demobilization, 780
Pacific strategy disputes, 52–53
Philippines investigation, 14, 15
and Potsdam Declaration wording, 683
and Quezon’s payments to MacArthur and Sutherland, 53
warnings about manpower shortages in military, 415
Marshall Islands, 54, 94, 104, 106, 128, 133, 144, 486, 777
Martin Aircraft Company, 337, 416
Maryland, USS, 80, 384, 589
Mason, Hobert D., 447
Massachusetts, USS, 662
mass migration, 408
mass suicides, 749
Matsuda, Chiaki, 807n39
Matsushige, Yoshido, 697, 699, 700
Matsuyama Air Base, 523, 561
MATTERHORN, Operation, 340–43
Maya (Japanese cruiser), 216–17
McCrea, John L., 796n89
media, See news media
Megee, Vernon E., 503–4
Meiji Constitution, 182, 770
Meiji era, 196, 769–70
Mencken, H.L., 7
merchant fleet, Japanese, 312–14, 334
Meretskov, K.A., 706
Mexican-Americans, 409–10
Michener, James, 791
Michishio (Japanese destroyer), 247, 252
Microwave Early Warning (MEW) radar, 520
Midway, Battle of, xiii, 25–27, 30, 106, 277, 300, 409, 413, 627, 666, 743, 772
migration, within U.S., 408, 788
military cemeteries, 777–78
Miller, Arthur L., 41–42
Miller, Charles, 634
Mindanao
amphibious landing on, 469
and Japanese air power, 121
JCS authorization of capture of, 88
and MacArthur’s Philippines campaign, 54
Task Force 38 and, 118, 122
Mindoro, 391, 393–94
Mindoro Strait, 218
Mississinewa, USS, 392
Missouri, USS
command turnover at Okinawa, 626
Instrument of Surrender signing, 756–62
naval bombardment of Hokkaido, 662
off Japan after surrender, 750, 751
on V-J Day, 747–48
Mita, Yoshio, 349–50
Mitscher, Marc, 100, 240
Bunker Hill kamikaze attack, 617
Enterprise kamikaze attack, 618
and “floating chrysanthemums” attack (4/6/45), 580
and Halsey’s pursuit of Northern Force, 236–37, 240–41
and Iwo Jima command lineup, 486
on Japanese airstrike off Shikoku, 561
on Japanese fortification of Okinawa, 564
and “Jocko Jimas,” 119
Kyushu airfield raids, 596
and Mindanao, 122–23
and New Jersey, 120
Okinawa air attacks, 163
Okinawa patrols, 614–15
and Battle of the Philippine Sea, 110, 111, 301
purging of weak performers, 114
pursuit of Northern Force, 270–71
and rotation of Task Force 58 leadership, 115
Spruance and, 107
strikes off southern Japan (March 18–19, 1945), 563
and Task Force 38 leadership transition, 116
and Task Force 58, 97, 429, 615
and Task Group 58.3, 559
Tokyo raid (Feb. 16–17, 1945), 481, 483–85
as unlikely replacement for Halsey, 307
and Yamato’s last sortie, 581–82
Mitsubishi A7M “Reppu” (“Sam”), 523
Mitsubishi Aircraft Engine Works, 521
Mitsubishi aircraft plants, 347
Mitsubishi G4M (“Betty”) bombers, 168–69, 502
Mitsubishi J2M “Raiden” (“Thunderbolt”; “Jack”), 523
Mitsubishi Steel and Arms Works, 715, 716
Mitsubishi-Urakami Ordnance Works, 716
Mitsubishi Zero, 97, 200, 201, 523
Miyagi, Japan, 764–65
Miyagi, Kikuko, 633–34, 636–37
Miyashita, Hachiro, 739
Miyoko (Japanese heavy cruiser), 223
Mobile, Alabama, 410
Mogami (Japanese cruiser), 246, 248, 249, 252–55, 257–60, 291
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 184, 655, 680, 686
Monaghan, USS, 400, 401
Monssen, USS, 252
Monterey, USS, 398–99, 401
Montgomery, Alfred, 115
Montpelier, USS, 383
Moore, Charles “Carl,” 55, 107–9, 301–2, 619
“Moose Trap,” 380, 393
morale, 529
Mori, Kokichi, 258
Mori, Takeshi, 734
Morinari, Oshima, 353
Morison, Samuel Eliot
and FDR’s account of Holmes villa debate, 70–72
on Halsey’s decision to leave San Bernardino Strait unguarded, 308
on Honolulu conference, 90n
and Marshall’s comments on pace of demobilization, 780
on Nimitz’s Peleliu decision, 128
on Okinawa landing, 570
on Shima’s departure from Surigao Strait, 258
Morita, Akio, 737–38
Morris, John, 483–84
Morrison, Philip, 678
Morrison, USS, 226
Morton, Dudley W. “Mushmouth,” 317–22, 325, 328–33
mortuary cars, 781
Motobu Peninsula, 604
Motoyama Airfields, 473, 487, 489, 498, 503–5
Motoyama Plateau, 477, 498–99, 504–5
escape of Suribachi detachment to, 495
as natural fortress, 478
U.S. casualties, 497, 501
Moulton, Doug, 241
movies, 96, 405
Mudge, Verne D., 443–45
Mueller, Paul J., 157
Mugai Channel, 162, 393, 401, 559
munitions industry, Japan, 179, 313, 372, 531, 532, 533, 689
munitions industry, U.S., 406, 407, 414–15
Muroran, Hokkaido, 662
Murray, Stuart S., 758
Musashi (Japanese battleship), 191, 222–23, 229–30, 233–35, 359
Musashi, Miyamoto, 772
Musashino Works, Nakajima Airplane Company (Kichijoji, Japan), 349
Mydans, Carl, 444
Nachi (Japanese heavy cruiser), 258–60, 292, 377
Nagamine, Takeshi, 548–49
Nagaoka, Japan, 689
Nagasaki atomic bomb attack, 709–16, 714m
casualties, 718
flight to, 710–11
residents’ experience of, 716–18
return trip to Okinawa after, 718–20
Target Committee discussions, 682
Tokyo firebombing compared to, 553
Nagasaki Medical College, 717
Nagato (Japanese
battleship), 291, 663
Nagoya, Japan, 347, 521, 523, 525, 542, 554–55, 653, 658, 659
Naha, Okinawa, 163, 564, 566, 568, 571m, 574, 575, 589, 591, 597, 602, 606, 624, 631m
Nakagawa, Kunio, 144–46, 156, 158, 159
Nakajima airframe plant, 481, 484
Nakajima Airplane Company, 347, 349, 525
Nakajima engine plant (Musashino, Japan), 539
Nakajima “Kate” torpedo planes, 599–600
Nakajima Ki-43 (“Oscar”) fighters, 568
Nakajima Ki-44 fighters, 347, 349
Nakamura, Hatsuyo, 698, 699
Nakane, Mihoko, 533–35
Nakazawa, Tasuku, 190–91
Nanpo Shoto bunker, 475–76
napalm, 97, 100, 146, 149, 157, 492, 540–550, 623, 635
Nashville, USS, 208, 210, 393
National City Bank of New York Building (Manila), 455
“National Defense Thought Drive,” 533
Naval Air Station Astoria, 423
Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, 418, 424
Naval Air Station Wildwood, 424
Naval Aviation Reserve Act (1939), 418
Naval Torpedo Station (NTS; Newport, Rhode Island), 322–25
navy, Imperial Japanese 111, 173, 200, 234, 361, 742
adoption of suicide tactics, 180, 192–203, 653
after surrender, 767
conservatism of culture, 299
defeat at Battle of Leyte Gulf, 368
“dying well” as ancillary to winning, 299
false reports of victory, 367, 371
immobilized at end of war, 663
lack of coordination with other branches of military/government, 313
last sortie, 581–589
in Leyte operation planning, 166, 190, 206–7, 247
new fighters, 774
opposition in ranks to Sho-1 plan, 299
Navy Department, 18, 24, 116, 276, 402, 413, 671
Nazi Germany, 79, 83, 184, 186, 311, 337, 768
fall of, 86, 415, 619, 650, 665,
potential to build atomic bomb, 667
ruins of, 682
Necessary Evil (observer plane), 693, 695
Nelson, Horatio, 301
nemawashi, 183, 650, 721
Neumann, John Von, 670
neutron radiation, 697
Nevada, USS, 568
Newcomb, USS, 253, 255
New Deal, 39, 410
New Jersey, USS, 119–20, 235–36
collision with Franks, 580
and crippled cruisers Canberra and Houston, 170–71
and Formosa, 164
Halsey’s decision to head north with Third Fleet, 238
Halsey’s explanations for leaving San Bernardino Strait undefended, 300
Leyte operation, 219
messages to Halsey about San Bernardino Strait situation, 271, 275, 278–80
pursuit of Kurita, 290–91
rotation of Task Force 58 leadership, 115
and STALEMATE, 121
and suicide attacks, 381
and typhoon (December 17, 1944), 394, 397, 401–2
New Mexico, USS, 432, 568, 613, 618–19, 629
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