by Ian W. Toll
Williams, Jack K. Dueling in the Old South: Vignettes of Social History. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1980.
Wills, Garry. James Madison. New York: Times Books, 2002.
Wolf, John Baptist. The Barbary Coast: Algiers Under the Turks, 1500 to 1830. New York: W. W. Norton, 1979.
Wood, Virginia Steele. Live Oaking, Southern Timber for Tall Ships. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1981.
Wright, Esmond. Fabric of Freedom: 1763–1800. New York: Hill & Wang, 1961.
Wright, Louis B. The First Americans in North Africa: William Eaton’s Struggle for a Vigorous Policy Against the Barbary Pirates, 1799–1805. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1945.
Young, James Sterling. The Washington Community 1800–1828. New York: Columbia University Press, 1966.
Zacks, Richard. The Pirate Coast: Thomas Jefferson, the First Marines, and the Secret Mission of 1805. New York: Hyperion, 2005.
Zimmerman, James Fulton. Impressment of American Seamen. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1925.
SECONDARY SOURCES: ARTICLES
Adamiak, Stanley J. “Benjamin Stoddert and the Quasi-War with France,” Naval History 13(1) (1999):34–38.
Albion, Robert G. “The First Days of the Navy Department,” Military Affairs 22 (Spring 1948): 1–11.
Allison, Robert J. “Sailing to Algiers: American Sailors Encounter the Muslim World,” American Neptune 57(1) (1997):5–17.
Anderson, William G. “John Adams, the Navy, and the Quasi-War with France,” American Neptune 30(2) (1970):117–32.
Baker, Maury. “Cost Overrun, An Early Naval Precedent: Building the First U.S. Warships, 1794–98,” Maryland Historical Magazine 72(3) (1977):361–72.
Balinky, Alexander S. “Albert Gallatin, Naval Foe,” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 82(3) (1958):293–304.
—. “Gallatin’s Theory of War Finance,” William and Mary Quarterly, 16(1)(1959):73–82.
Bass, William P. “Who Did Design the First U.S. Frigates?,” Naval History 5(2)(1991):49–54.
Bauer, K. Jack. “Naval Shipbuilding Programs, 1794–1860,” Military Affairs 29 (Spring 1965): 29–40.
Bolander, L. H. “An Incident in the Founding of the American Navy,” United States Naval Institute Proceedings 55 (June 1929): 491–94.
Calderhead, William L. “U.S.F. Constellation in the War of 1812–An Accidental Fleet-in-Being,” Military Affairs 40(2) (1976):79–83.
Calkins, Carlos Gilman. “The American Navy and the Opinions of One of Its Founders, John Adams, 1735–1826,” United States Naval Institute Proceedings 37 (June 1911):453–83.
Carr, James A. “John Adams and the Barbary Problem: The Myth and the Record,” American Neptune 26(4) (1966): 231–57.
Dunne, William M. P., and Frederick C. Leiner. “An ‘Appearance of Menace’: The Royal Navy’s Incursion in New York Bay, September 1807,” Log of Mystic Seaport 44(4) (1993):86–92.
Eddy, Richard. “Defended by an Adequate Power: Joshua Humphreys and the 74-Gun Ships of 1799,” American Neptune 51 (Summer 1991): 173–94.
Emery, William M. “Colonel George Claghorn, Builder of Constitution,” Old Dartmouth Historical Sketches, no. 56. New Bedford, MA: Old Dartmouth Historical Society, January 1931.
Ferguson, Eugene S. “The Figure-head of the United States Frigate Constellation,” American Neptune 7 (October 1947): 255–60.
—. “The Launch of the United States Frigate Constellation,” United States Naval Institute Proceedings 73 (September 1947): 1090–95.
Fisher, Charles R. “The Great Guns of the Navy, 1797–1843,” American Neptune 36(4) (1976):276–95.
Fowler, William M. “America’s Super Frigates,” Mariner’s Mirror 59(1) (1973): 49–56.
Graves, Donald E. “Worthless is the Laurel Steeped in Female Tears,” Journal of the War of 1812 (Winter 2002).
Hayes, Frederic H. “John Adams and American Sea Power,” American Neptune 15(1) (1965): 35–45.
Humphreys, Henry H. “Who Built the First United States Navy?,” Journal of American History 10 (first quarter 1916): 49–89.
Hunt, Livingston. “Bainbridge Under the Turkish Flag,” United States Naval Institute Proceedings 52 (June 1926): 1147–62.
Jones, Robert F. “The Naval Thought and Policy of Benjamin Stoddert, First Secretary of the Navy, 1798–1801,” American Neptune 24 (January 1964): 61–69.
Kaplan, L. S. “France and Madison’s Decision for War, 1812,” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 50 (1964): 652–71.
Kastor, Peter J. “Toward ‘The Maritime War Only’: The Question of Naval Mobilization, 1811–1812,” Journal of Military History 61(3) (1997):455–80.
Larus, Joel. “Pell-Mell Along the Potomac,” William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd ser. 17 (1960): 349–57.
Leiner, Frederick C. “Decatur and Naval Leadership,” Naval History 15(5)(2001):30–34.
—. “The Norfolk War Scare,” Naval History 7(2) (1993):36–38.
—. “The Subscription Warships of 1798,” American Neptune 46(3)(1986):141–58.
Maps, James M. “A Long-Forgotten American Naval Cemetery,” American Neptune 25(3) (1965):157–67.
Marden, Luis. “Restoring Old Ironsides,” National Geographic (June 1997).
Martello, Robert. “Paul Revere’s Last Ride: The Road to Rolling Copper,” Journal of the Early Republic 20(2) (2000):219–39.
Martin, Tyrone G., and John C. Roach. “Humphreys’s Real Innovation,” Naval History 8 (March–April 1994): 32–37.
Mayhew, Dean R. “Jeffersonian Gunboats in the War of 1812,” American Neptune 42(2) (1982):101–17.
McCullough, David. “Champion of the Navy,” Naval History 15(5) (2001): 40–43.
McKee, Christopher. “Fantasies of Mutiny and Murder: A Suggested Psycho-History of the Seaman in the United States Navy, 1798–1815,” Armed Forces and Society 4 (Winter 1978): 293–304.
Norton, Paul F. “Jefferson’s Plans for Mothballing the Frigates,” United States Naval Institute Proceedings 82(7) (1956):737–41.
Palmer, Aaron J. “Peace Upon Honorable Terms: The United States Ratification of the Treaty of Ghent,” Early American Review IV(1) (Winter–Spring 2002): http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/2002_winter_spring.
Paullin, Charles O. “Dueling in the Old Navy,” United States Naval Institute Proceedings 35 (December 1909): 1155–97.
Pistell, Lawrence. “Benjamin Stoddert: Visionary Merchant Patriot,” Financial History 68 (2000): 23–26.
Rohr, John A. “Constitutional Foundations of the United States Navy: Text and Context,” Naval War College Review 45 (Winter 1992): 68–84.
Roosevelt, Franklin D. “Our First Frigates: Some Unpublished Facts About Their Construction,” Transactions of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers 22 (1914): 139–53.
Savageau, David LePere. “The United States Navy and Its ‘Half War’ Prisoners, 1798–1801,” American Neptune 31 (July 1971): 159–76.
Scheina, Robert L. “Benjamin Stoddert, Politics, and the Navy,” American Neptune 36(1) (1976):54–68.
Smith, Gene A. “A Means to an End: Gunboats and Thomas Jefferson’s Theory of Defense,” American Neptune 55(2) (1995):111–21.
—. “A Perfect State of Preservation: Thomas Jefferson’s Dry Dock Proposal,” Virginia Cavalcade 39(3) (1989):118–29.
Sofka, James R. “The Jeffersonian Idea of National Security: Commerce, the Atlantic Balance of Power, and the Barbary War, 1786–1805,” Diplomatic History 21(4)(1997):519–44.
Sultana, Donald. “Samuel Taylor Coleridge, An American Naval Hero and a Mysterious Duellist in Malta,” Melita Historica 11 (1993): 113–27.
Tucker, Spencer C. “American Naval Ordnance of the Revolution,” Nautical Research Journal 22(1) (1976):21–30.
Westlake, Merle. “The American Sailing Navy: Josiah Fox, Joshua Humphreys and Thomas Tingey,” American Neptune 59(1) (1999):21–41.
Williamson, Gene. “The Court of Last Resort,” American Histo
ry 33(6) (February 1999):3.
Wilson, Gary E. “The First American Hostages in Moslem Nations, 1784–1789,” American Neptune 41 (July 1981): 208–23.
Wood, Daniel N. “The All-Volunteer Force in 1798,” United States Naval Institute Proceedings 105 (June 1979): 45–48.
* The modern Republican Party originated in a later period, and does not claim any direct historical lineage to the Jeffersonian Republicans.
* Comparisons of Y-chromosome DNA samples taken from descendants of Jefferson’s male relatives and Sally Hemings’s sons have established, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the rumors were true.
* The nation’s first dry dock was built at the Norfolk Navy Yard and placed in service in 1833.
* There had been two previous cases in which sailors had been removed from an American man-of-war, and in each there had been a mitigating circumstance. North of Cuba, in 1798, a British squadron had taken five men out of the sloop of war Baltimore. The Baltimore’s officers had been unable to produce papers proving she was a naval vessel. Off Cadiz, in 1805, another British squadron had taken three seamen off of U.S. Gunboat No. 6. The three went willingly, claiming protection as British subjects.
* Essex was meanwhile refitting in the Delaware River. Bainbridge left instructions for Captain Porter to attempt a rendezvous at the Cape Verde Islands or the island of Fernando de Noronha, north of Brazil. If he did not find the squadron, however, Porter was at liberty to cruise wherever he chose. Failing to locate Bainbridge, Porter navigated Essex around the Horn and into the eastern Pacific, where she pillaged the British whaling trade with great success before being captured by two British frigates in March 1814.
* Admiral Cochrane’s nephew, Thomas Cochrane, was the famed fighting captain whose Mediterranean cruises in the HMS Speedy would be the inspiration for Patrick O’Brian’s novel Master and Commander (1970).
* “Thus passes the glory of the world.”
* To this day, the overwhelming majority of scholarly work on the War of 1812 has been produced by Americans and Canadians. A larger contribution by British scholars would enrich the field.