by Roy Adkins
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O’Meara, B.E. 1822 Napoleon in Exile; or, a Voice from St. Helena. The Opinions and Reflections of Napoleon on the most important events of his life and government, in his own words, vols. 1 & 2 (London)
Oxford Archaeology 2007 The Royal Hospital Greenwich London Archaeological Report (Oxford)
Parsons, G.S. 1905 Nelsonian Reminiscences: Leaves from Memory’s Logs (London)
Pasley, T. 1931 (ed. R.M.S. Pasley) Private Sea Journals 1778–1782 (London, Toronto)
Pemberton, C.R. 1843 The Life and Literary Remains of Charles Reece Pemberton (London)
Petrides, A. and J. Downs (ed.) 2000 Sea Soldier: An Officer of Marines with Duncan, Nelson, Collingwood and Cockburn. The Letters and Journals of Major T. Marmaduke Wybourn RM, 1797–1813 (Tunbridge Wells)
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Pillet, R.-M. 1818 Views of England, During a Residency of Ten Years; Six of Them as a Prisoner of War (Boston)
Pinckard, G. 1806 Notes on the West Indies: written during the expedition under the command of the late Sir Ralph Abercromby, vol. 1 (London)
Polwhele, R. 1826 Traditions and Recollections; domestic, clerical and literary, vol. 2 (London)
Price, G. 1984 Pressganged: The Letters of George Price of Southwark alias George Green (Royston)
Prior, J. 1820 Voyage in the Indian Seas, in the Nisus Frigate, to the Cape of Good Hope, Isles of Bourbon, France, and Seychelles; to Madras; and the Isles of Java, St. Paul, and Amsterdam, during the years 1810 and 1811 (London)
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Rattenbury, J. 1837 Memoirs of a Smuggler, compiled from his diary and journal (Sidmouth)
Rees, T. 1822 A Journal of Voyages and Travels by the Late Thomas Rees, Serjeant of Marines (London)
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Robertson, R. 1777 A Physical Journal Kept on Board His Majesty’s Ship Rainbow, During Three Voyages to the Coast of Africa, and West Indies, in the Years 1772, 1773, and 1774 (London)
Robertson, R. 1807 Observations on Diseases Incident to Seamen vol. 1 (London)
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Robinson, H. 1858 Sea Drift (Portsea)
Robinson, W. 1836 Nautical Economy; or, forecastle recollections of events during the last war dedicated to the brave tars of Old England by a sailor, politely called by the officers of the navy, Jack Nasty-Face (London)
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Smyth, W.H. 1867 The Sailor’s Word-Book: An Alphabetical Digest of Nautical Terms, Including Some More Especially Military and Scientific, but Useful to Seamen; As Well as Archaisms of Early Voyagers, Etc. (London)
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Steele, R. 1840 The Marine Officer; or, sketches of service, vol. 1 (London)
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INDEX
able seamen 12, 13, 170
accidents 305–7
Acheson, Guy Alexander 131, 141, 381, 382
Achille, HMS 218
Active, Excise cutter 48
Adamant, HMS 60, 171
Adams, George 288
admirals xl, 128, 223, 374
Admiralty: commissions from 25; descriptions of deserters 6; discharge of seamen 383; dress regulations 128; gunpowder allowances 272; hull protection policy xx; impressment 47, 49–51; manslaughter fine payment 122; medicine supplies 296; Navy Board 4, 124; pensions 179, 180, 387; petitions to 49, 171, 220–1; promotion policy 25; punishment policy 216; punishment records 209; Regulations 196; small beer 98; warrant from 31; washing regulations 137; women aboard policy 132
Africa, HMS 377
afterguard 14, 15
Aigle, HMS 27, 281
Aigle, L’, French ship 281–2
Aimable, HMS 378
Aimable, La, French privateer 235
Ajax, HMS, 266
Alcmene, HMS 235, 377
Aldridge, William 276
Alexander, hulk 101
Alfred, HMS 154
Algésiras, French ship 284
Allen, George 191–2, 237–8, 357
Amazon, HMS 123, 169, 190
Amelia, HMS 76, 339, 375, 376
American seamen 41–2, 51, 332, 362
American War of Independence xxvii, xxviii, xxxix, 44, 232
Amethyst, HMS 116
Amiens, Peace of xxxix, 247, 389
Amphion, HMS 324
Amphitrite, HMS xxxiv
amputations 150, 277, 293, 298–304
anaesthetics 298
animals on board 80–4, 191, 265�
��6, 351–3, see also bullocks, cows, goats, pets, pigs, sheep
Ann, HMS 345
Annual Register 120, 177
Antelope, HMS 233
Antigua, West Indies 117, 136, 166–7, 319, 361
Apollo, HMS 179–80
Ardent, HMS 177, 297, 320
armourer 15, 31, 204
Arras, France 248, 252, 256, 258, 259
Articles of War 208
Ascension Island 85
Assistance, HMS 59
Audacious, HMS 305
Aurora, HMS 376, 377
backgrounds of seamen 11
Bagley, James 263
Baikie, Lieutenant 6
Bailey, Robert 177, 305–6
ballast xxxvii, xxxviii, 93, 117–18, 144, 327
Barbados, West Indies 319
Barfleur, HMS 128, 204, 352–3, 377
barges xxxviii, 244, 323
Barlow, Robert: on dress 123, 127, 130, 134; on grog 101; on hammocks 137; on spitting 93
Barnes, George 308
Barrett, Robert: on amputation 299, 300, 302; on food 79, 82, 87, 88; on Parker’s funeral 322
Basque Roads anchorage 90
Bates, Joseph: on holystones 202; impressment 41–2, 50; on laundry 134; on libraries 349; on religious services 32; on water casks 95
Bates, Sarah 176
battle: aftermath 286–90; boarding parties 281–2; broadsides 279; cheering 279–80; dangers 269–70; explosions 284–5, 304–5; fear 280–1; food and drink before 267–8; gunnery 270–4; large-scale 268; officers’ conduct 274–5; preparing for 261–7; scenes 275–8; sinkings 285; small-scale 268; surrender 282–4; tactics xxxv–xxxvi, 268–9
bear 353–4
beards 8, 138
Beatty, William 129, 303, 321
Beaver, Philip 182
Beckford, John 178
beef: captured 235; cooking 71; fresh 72, 74, 82, 84, 89, 217; jettisoned 265; prison rations 251; queuing for 20; ration 74; salt 72, 74, 80; songs about xxvii, 337; storage xxxviii, 84; see also bullocks beer
xxxviii, 72, 74, 79, 98, 251
Beer, Devon 47
beggars 165, 173, 385
Belleisle, HMS 172, 265, 375
Bellerophon, HMS: Baltic night raid 240; nickname xxxiv, 391; survey of crew 4, 12; at Trafalgar 267, 273
Bellona, HMS 344
bells 198–9
Bennett, Richard 33, 174–5, 203
Bermuda, West Indies 319, 322
Bernard, Antonio 79
Berron, James 277
Berry, Edward 374
Berry, William 183, 184, 185
Berwick, HMS 82
bestiality 185–6
bilge 144
Bingham, John 250, 257
Bird, Peter 67, 325
births at sea 177
biscuit, ship’s: basic diet 72, 73, 77, 89; before battle 240; difficult to eat 88; food for goat 352; jettisoned 265; songs about 337; storage 79, 87; weevils 87–8
Bisset, Charley 352
Bitche prison, France 248, 252, 255–7
‘bitter end’ 19
blacksmiths 15
Blake, HMS 276–7
Blanche, HMS xxxiv, 220, 221, 286
Blane, Sir Gilbert: career 314–15; on food and drink 74, 96, 98; on French ships 327; on hospitals 319; on malaria 316; scurvy prevention 315; on seamen ageing 88; on soap 133; on tourniquets 304; on typhus 311–12; on ventilation 144
Blechynden, Richard 337
Bligh, George 71
Bligh, William 221
blockades 238–9
Blonde, HMS 113
Bluett, Courtney 219
Bluett, John 379–80
Boadicea, HMS 48
boarding party 281–2
boatswains: accidents 305; cane 12; drunkenness 103–4, 211, 217; floggings 209; ‘idlers’ 15; pipe 199–200, 331; responsibilities 31; wives 217
Bodie, James xlii, 243–4, 249
bomb vessels xxxvi
Bombay, India 141
Bond, Samuel 333
Bonefatso, Vincenzo 306
Bonette, HMS 324
Bonier, Joseph 298
books 348–9
Booth, John 169, 170
Booth, Sarah 169, 170
boots 128–9
Boreas, HMS 167
Boston, HMS 56–7, 61, 96, 111–12, 324
Boteler, John Harvey 21, 42, 354
Bouch, William 185–6
Bounty, HMS 221
Bowden, Elizabeth 183, 184
Bowling, Tom 180
Boys, Edward 253, 255
Boys: First Class 13, 64; Second Class 13; Third Class 13, 184
Boyter, David 300
bread: baking 81; after battle 241; daily ration 74, 84; daily supply 82, 168; at dinner 77; fresh 87; prisoners’ rations 246, 251; room 85; in Scotch coffee 76; soft 88–9, 367; storage 79
Brenton, Edward 319
Brenton, Jahleel 243, 249, 251, 253, 256
Brest, France 222, 246–7, 248, 265, 284, 342
brigs xxxvi, 50–1, 61, 72, 202, 233, 253
broadsides 279
brothels 342, 363, see also prostitutes
Brown, Charles 7
Brown, John 268
Brown, Thomas 345
Brown, William, boatswain’s mate 288–9
Brown, William, female seaman 182
Brunswick, HMS 71
Bucentaur, HMS 389
Buckhawson, Philip 224
Buckingham, James Silk 334
Buek, Mary 177
bulkheads xxxvii, 142, 264, 268
bullocks 73, 80–2, 84, 247, 251, 265
bum-boats 90, 154, 168, 363, 367–8
Burdett, Sir Francis 211
Burgin, Joseph 389, 390
burgoo 20, 72, 76
burial at sea 324–8
butter: burgoo recipe 76; daily ration 74; duff and 77; melted 84–5; soft bread and 88–9, 367; storage 79; substitutes for 74–5
Byrne, Michael 212
cabins 112, 149, 186–7, 264–5, 296, 369
Cadiz, Spain 82, 137, 175, 238, 250, 347
Cagliari, Sardinia 93
Cain, Charles 320
Calcutta, India 123
Calder, Sir Robert 98, 128, 204
Camden, East Indiaman 56
Cameron, David 7
Campbell, George 48–9
Campbell, Lewis 296
Campbell, Mary 176–7
Camperdown, Battle of (1797) 297, 300, 302, 320
candles 148–51
Cannon, Augustus xxxi
cannons: broadsides 279; firing 268–9, 304; gun crews 270–1; gunboats 242; gunner 31; jettisoned 117; mess tables 78; moving for repairs 161; noise 266; position xxv–xxxvi; preparation for firing 264–5; range xl, 270; reused as bollards 383; weight xxxvii; see also guns
Canonnière, French frigate 52
Canopus, HMS 190, 305, 306, 321
canvas: buckets 119; hammocks 188–9; hats 127; partitions 186, 273; sails xxxiv; screens 190, 261; shoes 20, 128; tarpaulin xxvii; tobacco storage 91; windsail 191
Cape of Good Hope 35, 52, 307, 319, 351
captains 26–9; cabin 112, 186, 264–5; court martial 223; cows 83–4; marine 30; meals 78; medals 374; orchestras 332; standing orders 195–6; views of women aboard 157–8, 160
Carnation, HMS 226–7
carpenter 15, 16, 31, 173, 204
Carpenter, Henry Roberts 113
carronades 268
Carslake, John 250, 257
Cartagena, Spain 141
Carter, Robert 49–50
Carthage, North Africa 358
carvings 14, 341
Caslet, William 131
cat 209–10
Centaur, HMS 118–20
chaplains 34, 149, 154, 252
Chapman, John 226–8
Chatham Chest 180, 308, 386
cheering 263, 279–80
cheese 74, 77, 79, 84–5, 241
Chesapeake Bay 261–2
&n
bsp; children 176–8
Chivers, Forbes 150
class structure 8, 20, 23, 27
Claxton, Thomas 277 ‘clearing for action’ 261–2, 264
Clio, HMS 158
clothing, see dress
Coalbrookdale, Shropshire xxx
coamings 18, 91n, 264
Cochrane, Thomas xxix, 16, 356
Cockburn, George 137, 145, 147–8
cockpit xxxviii, 189–90
cockroaches 90, 146–7
cocoa 72, 74, 84, 378
Codrington, Sir Edward 25, 109, 275, 287
coins, engraved 341–2
Cole, Christopher 333
College of Physicians 294
Collingwood, Cuthbert, 1st Baron Collingwood: appearance 10, 43; discipline 20, 25; dress for battle 129; food supplies 88; funeral 321–2; hospitality 78; Mediator command 88, 145; pets 351–2; pigtail policy 9, 10; religious services 33; on theatricals 340–1; training policy 19–20
Colnett, James 246–7
Colonia, Uruguay 360
Company of Surgeons 293
Compass, Jose de 276
Constable, Love 6
Constitution, American frigate xxxiv
convoys 231–4
cook, ship’s: background 75–6; drunkenness 71; responsibilities 75, 76–7; status 168; theft by 215; warrant officer 31, 78
Cooke, John 268
cooks: captain’s 78; gunroom 78
cooper 15, 16, 204
Cooper, John Spencer 138
Copenhagen, Battle of (1801) 177, 214, 280
Copenhagen, Denmark 113, 233, 309, 326, 357
Cordingly, David 4n Corfu 238
Cork, Ireland 42, 81, 221
Cosgrove, James 304
court martial 209, 211, 223–4
Cousins, Samuel 7
Cowan, John Smith 377
Cowes, Isle of Wight 47, 61
cows 81, 83–4, 265
Cox, William 256–7
Craer, Alexander 103, 104, 143
Crawford, Abraham 10, 21–2, 89, 141, 353–4
Crescent, HMS 81
crews, numbers xxxiv
Cronan, Richard 190
‘crossing the line’ 138
Cuba 236
Cullen, Peter 293–4
Culloden, HMS: admiral’s dress 129; barter fraud 122; music aboard 333; pests aboard 146, 147; superstition aboard 37–8; turtle raid 85; wildlife aboard 353
Cumby, William Pryce 148, 267, 273
Cuming, William 309
Cunningham, Richard 142, 149
cutters xxxviii, 53, 205, 240, 243
cutting-out operations 239–42
daily life 206
dancing 331–3, 335–6, 340