in battle
sirocco
Skjoldebrand (schooner)
slave marts
slave trade
profits of
slaves. See also prisoners
as capital
Christian
European
labor of
living conditions of
population of
as seamen
U. S.
sloop, definition
Smith, John
Smith, Robert
Smith, Samuel
Smollett, Tobias, The Expedition of Humphrey Clinker
Soliman, Muley
Somers, Richard
and attack on Tripoli
and fireship
monument
Sophia (U. S. ship)
sorceress, Moroccan
Spain
defeats the Moors
and Louisiana Purchase
raided by pirates
relations with United States
strengthens navy
supports Yusuf Karamanli
spanker boom
Spark (U. S. ship)
speaking trumpet
special ops
Spitfire (U. S. ship)
Spokane (U. S. cruiser)
Spragg, Edward
Spruce, Keith
sprung mast, definition
spying
squadron, definition
Stafford, John
“Star-Spangled Banner” (song)
starboard
Stars and Stripes
adopted
cut down in Tripoli
first planted on foreign soil
states’ rights. See Republicans, vs. Federalists
stern, definition
Sterrett, Andrew
in first squadron
letter, from Jefferson
resigns
in second squadron
Stewart, Charles
in War of 1812,
Stoddert, David
Straits of Gibraltar
strategy
struck his flag, definition
Suleiman, Sultan
Suliaman, Maulay
super frigates
in War of 1812,
Sweden
tributes
Syracuse
tack
il Taiib, Sheik
Talleyrand, Charles Maurice de
Tarik
Tarleton, Banastre
Tars from Tripoli (musical)
taxes
technological advancement of sails
temporary peace
Terror, The
and European sailing ships
pervasive nature of
terrorism
of Barbary states. See also extortion; treaties
modern U. S.
third squadron
battles Tripolitan fleet
bombardment of Tripoli
and mission to destroy Philadelphia
in Morocco
second battle with Tripoli
vessels and armaments of
Thirty Years’ War
Thomas (U. S. ship)
Thorn, Jonathan
Tingey, Thomas
“To Anacreon in Heaven” (song)
Torch (U. S. ship)
torture
of Inquisition
trade, Mediterranean
halted
under Rules of Confederation
trade routes
traitors
Transfer (Tripolitan ship)
treaties
with Barbary states. See also extortion; tribute
cost of
treaty
with Algiers, ratified
with England
with Spain
with Tripoli
ratified
secret clause
senate investigation
with Tunis
Treaty of Ghent
Treaty of Mortefontaine
tribute. See also extortion; treaties
annual
cost of
finances navy
formalized
Jefferson refuses to pay
loans for
ships as
weapons as
Trinitarians
Trinity Church, New York City
Tripoli
captures Franklin (U. S. sloop)
cavalry
civil war
declares war on United States
expands naval force
geography
negotiates tributes
pays reparations
prepares for battle
relations with United States
truce declared
U. S. bombardment of
at war with United States
Tripoli Prize, or American Tars on an English Shore (play)
Tripoli (Tripolitan corsair)
Tripolitan prisoners, of United States
Tripolitan war, cost of
Tripolitano (Tripolitan polacre)
Trippe, John
Truxtun, Thomas
refuses appointment
Tunis
ambassador visits U. S.
origins of
pays reparations
piracy
reaffirms treaty
threatens war
treaty with England
war with United States
war with Algiers
Turks invade camp of Hamet Karamanli
“turned Turk”
12th Amendment
Two Brothers (ship)
Ulovix, Luco
Unis ben Unis, Hadgi
United States
economy. See economy, United States
embargo on foreign trade
government, post-Revolutionary War
honor affronted
Naval Academy
Navy. See Navy, United States
negotiates with Algiers
policy, on Barbary states
prisoners of war. See Philadelphia, crew as prisoners
readies for Barbary War
ridiculed
takes Moroccan prisoners
trade with Europe. See Britain, and U. S. trade; France, and U. S. trade
treaties. See treaties
war with Algiers
war with France
war with Tripoli. See Eaton/Karamanli expedition; Tripoli
war with Tunis
United States (U. S. super frigate),
in War of 1812,
University of Pennsylvania
Vacher, Pere
Vengeance, La (French ship)
Venice, pays tributes
Vergennes, count de
Vermont House of Delegates
Victory (ship)
Violet (U. S. merchantman)
Visigoths
Vixen (U. S. schooner)
in battle
in fifth squadron
Voluntaire (French frigate)
Wadsworth, Henry
and fireship
monument
War of 1812,
War of Independence. See Revolutionary War
warfare, psychological
Washington, George
correspondence, dissapearance of
death
and Tobias Lear
watch, definition
Wayne, “Mad Anthony”
weapons, as tribute
weather, inclement
Wheeler, Susan (later Susan Decatur)
Whitney, Eli
Whitten, John
Whittier, John Greenleaf
Wilson, John
Winthrop (Massachusetts Navy ship)
women
aboard ship
in ancient Moorish culture
Woodside, Jane
World Trade Center attacks
Wormeley, Wallace W
xebec
Ximenes, Cardinal
XYZ affair
yell
ow fever
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
JOSEPH WHEELAN was a reporter and editor for The Associated Press for 24 years in Cheyenne, Wyoming; Denver; Little Rock; and Raleigh, North Caroliona. While news editor in the AP’s Denver and Raleigh bureaus, Wheelan directed team, feature and investigative reporting projects and supervised daily news coverage. He also reviewed dozens of books for the AP and, among other things, wrote about the Korean War and the continuing battle by its veterans to obtain government benefits for coldweather injuries.
Before joining the AP, he was a reporter and state editor for the Casper (Wyo.) Star-Tribune. Wheelan is a graduate of the University of Wyoming and the University of Colorado-Denver.
He and his wife, Pat, a research scientist, have two grown daughters and live in Cary, N.C.
JEFFERSON’S WAR
America’s First War on Terror 1801—1805
Carroll & Graf Publishers
An Imprint of Avalon Publishing Group Inc.
245 West 17th Street
11th Floor
New York, NY 10011
Copyright © 2003 by Joseph Wheelan
First Carroll & Graf edition 2003
Second printing, September 2003
First Carroll & Graf trade paperback edition 2004
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in
whole or in part without written permission from the publisher,
except by reviewers who may quote brief excerpts in connection
with a review in a newspaper, magazine, or electronic publica-
tion; nor may any part of this book be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other,
without written permission from the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.
eISBN : 978-0-786-74020-8
Jefferson's War Page 43