by Walter Reid
2. Quoted Kersaudy, Churchill & de Gaulle, pbk edn, p. 364.
3. Quoted, Tombs, That Sweet Enemy, p. 590.
4. Harold Nicolson, Diaries, 5 July 1944.
5. See Kersaudy, Churchill and de Gaulle, pbk edn, p. 349.
6. Reynolds, In Command of History, p. 412 et seq.
7. Quoted, Tombs, That Sweet Enemy, p. 593.
8. Tombs, That Sweet Enemy, p. 593.
Chapter 46
1. Quoted, Gilbert, Churchill, vol. 7, p. 844.
2. N. Hamilton, Monty: The Making of a General 1887–1942, vol. 2 (London: Hamilton, 1981), p. 592.
3. See Gilbert, Winston Churchill’s War Leadership, p. 88.
4. Macmillan, The Blast of War 1939–1945, p. 503.
5. See Gilbert, Churchill: A Life, p. 780 et seq.
6. Ambrose, ‘Eisenhower and the Second World War’, in Blake and Louis, Churchill, p. 402.
7. Colville, The Fringes of Power, p. 507.
8. See Reynolds, In Command of History, p. 451.
9. Alanbrooke, War Diaries, 24 November 1943.
Chapter 47
1. Quoted Gilbert, Churchill: A Life, p. 787.
2. See Reynolds, In Command of History, pp. 453, 454.
3. Quoted, Stafford, Churchill and Secret Service, pbk edn, p. 357.
4. See Reynolds, In Command of History, p. 457.
5. Quoted, Gilbert, Churchill, vol. 7, p. 952.
6. Moran, Winston Churchill: The Struggle for Survival 1940–1965, p. 178.
Chapter 48
1. Kennedy, The Business of War, p. 350 et seq.
2. Quoted Reynolds, In Command of History, p. 446.
3. Hamilton, Monty, vol. 2, p. 799.
4. Ingersoll, Top Secret, p. 215.
5. Ingersoll, Top Secret, p. 216.
6. Ronald Lewin, Montgomery as Military Commander: the making of a General 1887–1942 (London: Batsford 1971), p. 308.
7. See Danchev and Todman (eds), War Diaries 1939–1945: Field Marshal Lord Alanbrooke, pp. 628, 653.
Chapter 49
1. 10 June 1944. Kimball, Churchill and Roosevelt. The Complete Correspondence. R–557.
2. 11 June 1944. Kimball, Churchill and Roosevelt. The Complete Correspondence. C–700.
3. 12 June 1944. Kimball, Churchill and Roosevelt. The Complete Correspondence. R–560.
4. Quoted G. Ross (ed.), The Foreign Office & the Kremlin: British documents on Anglo-Soviet relations 1941–45 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), p. 177.
5. See Carlton, Churchill and the Soviet Union, for the Polish thesis.
6. See C. Barnett, The Collapse of British Power (London: Eyre Methuen, 1972), pp. 588, 592; Charmley, Churchill: The End of Glory, pp. 559–61; Reynolds, From World War to Cold War, p. 100 et seq.
Chapter 50
1. Sherwood, The White House Papers of Harry L. Hopkins, vol. 2, p. 833.
2. Kimball, Churchill and Roosevelt. The Complete Correspondence. C–849/1.
3. Colville, Fringes of Power, 19 December 1944.
4. Kimball, Churchill and Roosevelt. The Complete Correspondence. C–850/1.
5. Nicholas, ed, Washington Dispatches 1941–45.
6. Elliot Roosevelt, The Way He Saw It, p. 222.
7. Hart-Davis, ed, King’s Counsellor, p. 279.
8. Soames, Clementine Churchill, pbk edn, p 518.
9. Rowan in Wheeler-Bennett, Action this Day, p. 258.
10. See Reynolds, In Command of History, p. 463.
11. Hart-Davis, King’s Counsellor, p. 282.
12. Quoted Gardner, Churchill in his Time, p. 266.
13. Dennis Healey was born on 30 August 1917, when Churchill was Minister of Munitions.
14. Stafford, Churchill and Secret Service, pbk edn, p. 359.
15. See Carlton, Churchill and the Soviet Union, p. 123 et seq.
Chapter 51
1. Moran, Winston Churchill: The Struggle for Survival 1940–1965, p. 179.
2. Colville, The Fringes of Power, p. 514.
3. Moran, Winston Churchill: The Struggle for Survival 1940–1965, p. 226.
4. Eden, diary 2 February 1945, in Eden, The Reckoning, p. 512.
5. Moran, Winston Churchill: The Struggle for Survival 1940–1965, p. 224.
6. Quoted Norman A. Graebner, ‘Yalta, Potsdam and Beyond’, in Lane & Temperley, The Rise & Fall of the Grand Alliance, 1941–45, p. 228 et seq.
7. See Reynolds, In Command of History, p. 465.
8. See Reynolds, Summits, p. 115.
9. E. Woodward, British Foreign Policy in the Second World War (London: HMSO, 1962), vol. 3, p. 86.
10. See Reynolds, In Command of History, p. 507.
11. Quoted Reynolds, In Command of History, p. 417.
12. Memorandum of Conversations with the President, 21 October–19 November 1944, Averell Harriman Papers, Library of Congress.
13. See White House website, http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2005/05/20050507-8html
14. Quoted, Gilbert, Churchill, vol. 7, p. 1215.
15. Gilbert, Churchill, vol. 7, p. 1223.
16. Channon, Diary, 28 February 1945.
17. Harold Nicolson, Diaries, 27 February 1945.
18. Reynolds, In Command of History, p. 469.
19. Colville, The Fringes of Power, 19 February 1945.
20. Dilks (ed.), Cadogan Diaries, p. 719.
21. Quoted, Gilbert, Churchill, vol. 7, p. 146 et seq.
22. Quoted Reynolds, In Command of History, p. 469.
23. Quoted Gilbert, Churchill: A Life, p. 826.
24. Kimball, Churchill and Roosevelt. The Complete Correspondence. C–910.
25. Kimball, Churchill and Roosevelt. The Complete Correspondence. R–736.
26. See Charmley, Churchill’s Grand Alliance: The Anglo-American Special Relationship 1940–57, p. 155.
27. Kimball, Churchill and Roosevelt. The Complete Correspondence, pbk edn, vol. 3, p. 617.
28. Reynolds, In Command of History, p. 473.
29. See Reynolds, In Command of History, p. 474
30. Sherwood, The White House Papers of Harry L. Hopkins, vol. 2 p. 829.
Chapter 52
1. Quoted Reynolds, From World War to Cold War, p. 128.
2. Ambrose, ‘Eisenhower in the Second World War’ in Blake and Louis, Churchill, p. 404.
3. Colville, The Churchillians, p. 150.
4. Quoted, Gilbert, Churchill, vol. 7, p. 1320.
5. See Charmley, Churchill’s Grand Alliance: The Anglo-American Special Relationship 1940–57, p. 162.
6. McClain, ‘The Role of Admiral W.D. Leahy in United States Foreign Policy’, PhD thesis, quoted Charmley, Churchill’s Grand Alliance: The Anglo-American Special Relationship 1940–57, p. 143.
7. There must be doubt about the accuracy of the precise words, quoted by Charmley, Churchill’s Grand Alliance: The Anglo-American Special Relationship 1940–57, p. 166.
8. Quoted, Gilbert, Churchill, vol. 7, p. 1351.
9. Alanbrooke, War Diaries, 4 May 1945.
10. An ever-green formula: see Walter Reid, Architect of Victory: Douglas Haig.
11. Ismay, The Memoirs of Lord Ismay, p. 394.
12. J. Astley, The Inner Circle: A View of War at the Top (London: Hutchinson, 1971), p. 206.
13. Quoted, Gilbert, Churchill, vol. 8, p. 4.
Chapter 53
1. Quoted, Gilbert, Churchill, vol. 8, p. 8.
2. Gilbert, Churchill, vol. 8, p. 8.
3. Quoted Charmley, Churchill’s Grand Alliance: The Anglo-American Special Relationship 1940–57, p. 175.
4. Alanbrooke, War Diaries, 11 June 1945.
5. R. James (ed.), Winston Churchill: His Complete Speeches, 1897–1963, vol. 8 (New York: Chelsea House Publishers 1974), pp. 8604–5.
6. Alanbrooke, War Diaries, 24th May 1945.
7. Quoted Reynolds, In Command of History, pp. 477, 478.
8. Colville, The Fringes of Power, p. 410.
9. Quoted, Gilbert, Churchill,
vol. 8. p. 67.
10. Colville, The Fringes of Power, p. 658.
Epilogue
1. Hart-Davis, King’s Counsellor, p. 276.
2. Hart-Davis, King’s Counsellor, p. 343.
3. Colville Papers, quoted Gilbert, Churchill, vol. 8, p. 1124.
4. Quoted, Soames, Clementine Churchill, pbk edn, p. 733.
5. Eden to Eisenhower 5/11/56 National Archives PREM 11/1177.
6. A. Campbell, The Blair Years (London: Arrow Books, 2007).
Index
Acheson, Dean Ref1, Ref2
Action This Day: Working with Churchill (Wheeler-Bennett, J.) Ref1
El Agheila Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4
air force leadership Ref1, Ref2
see also Dowding; Harris; Portal; Tedder
Alam Halfa Ridge Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5
El Alamein, battles of Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5, Ref6
Alexander, A.V. (First Sea Lord) Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5, Ref6
Alexander, Sir Harold R.L.G. (Earl Alexander of Tunis) Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5, Ref6, Ref7, Ref8, Ref9
El Alamein, reporting on success at Ref1
allied armies, failure to bind together Ref1
Brooke’s attitude towards Ref1
deputy commander on Torch Ref1
doubts about Overlord Ref1
helping Overlord Ref1
Italian opportunities, availability of Ref1
Middle East changes Ref1, Ref2
Quebec conference (August 1943) Ref1
Quebec conference (September 1944) Ref1, Ref2
sensitivity to political issues Ref1
sizing up commanders Ref1
Washington conference (May 1943) Ref1
Allahabad Pioneer Ref1
allied discussions, lack of consensus in
April 1942 Ref1
Amery, Julian Ref1
Amery, Leo Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5, Ref6, Ref7
Anderson, Sir John Ref1
Anderson, Squadron Leader Tore Ref1
Anglo-American strategy, British strategy as Ref1
anti-appeasers, support for Churchill from Ref1
Anvil (invasion of South of France, 1944) Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4
Arcadia Conference, Washington (December 1941/January 1942) Ref1, Ref2, Ref3
Ardennes, battle of the Ref1, Ref2, Ref3
army leadership Ref1, Ref2
see also Alexander; Auchinleck; Gort; Ismay; Montgomery; Wavell
Arnold, General Henry H. (‘Hap’) Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5, Ref6
head of US Army Air Corps Ref1
As He Saw It (Roosevelt, E.) Ref1
Atholl, Katherine M.M., Duchess of Ref1
Atlantic, battle of the Ref1, Ref2, Ref3
Atlantic Charter Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5
Atlantic conference, Placentia Bay (August 1941) Ref1
Atlantic convoys, toll of Ref1
Atlas mountains Ref1, Ref2
Attlee, Clement Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5, Ref6, Ref7, Ref8, Ref9
Potsdam conference Ref1
Auchinleck, Field Marshall Sir Claude A.E. (‘Auk’) Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5, Ref6, Ref7, Ref8, Ref9, Ref10
appointment as replacement for Wavell Ref1
disputes with Churchill and resignation Ref1
informational demands, use of quotation from Wellington against Ref1
Austrian démarche, protest on Ref1
Badoglio, Pietro Ref1, Ref2, Ref3
Baldwin, Stanley Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5
Balfour, Arthur Ref1, Ref2
Balfour Note (1922) Ref1
Balkan interests, ‘Naughty Document’ on Ref1
Barnett, Correlli Ref1
Baruch, Bernard Ref1, Ref2
Bastogne Ref1, Ref2
Battleaxe (attempt at Cyrenaica, 1941) Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4
Bayerlein, Lieutenant-General Fritz Ref1
Beaverbrook, W. Max Aitken, Lord Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5, Ref6, Ref7, Ref8
destroyers for bases, view on Ref1
disapproved by Clementine Ref1
Placentia Bay conference Ref1
Washington conference (June 1942) Ref1, Ref2
Bedell Smith, Brigadier-General Walter (‘Beetle’) Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4
Bell, Dr George, Bishop of Chichester Ref1
Bessborough, Vere Brabazon Ponsonby, Earl of Ref1
Bevan, Aneurin (‘Nye’) Ref1, Ref2, Ref3
Bevin, Ernest Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4
Bierut, Boleslaw Ref1
Billotte, General Pierre Ref1
Blair, Tony Ref1
Blanchard, General William H. Ref1
Blood, Sweat and Arrogance, and the Myths of Churchill’s War (Corrigan, G.) Ref1
Blum, Léon Ref1
Boisson, General Pierre Ref1
Bolero (US forces in Britain, build up of, 1943-4) Ref1, Ref2, Ref3
Bonham-Carter, Violet Ref1
Bonnier de la Chapelle, Fernand Ref1
Bonomi, Ivanoe Ref1
books about Churchill Ref1
Boothby, Robert Ref1, Ref2, Ref3
Bracken, Brendan Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5, Ref6, Ref7, Ref8, Ref9, Ref10
Bradley, General Omar N. Ref1, Ref2, Ref3
Bretton Woods Agreement Ref1, Ref2
Brevity (relief of Tobruk, attempt at, 1941) Ref1
Bridges, Sir Edward Ref1
Bright, Joan Ref1
Britain, battle of Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5
Britain, cost of war for Ref1
Brook, Sir Norman Ref1
Brooke, Rupert Ref1
Brooke, Sir Alan (later Viscount Alanbrooke) Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5, Ref6, Ref7, Ref8
El Alemein and planning for Torch Ref1, Ref2
Anvil and Vienna alternative Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4
Auchinleck and Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5, Ref6
austere and vinegary Ref1
Casablanca conference (January 1943) Ref1
Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee Ref1
as CIGS, Churchill and Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5, Ref6
command, machinery of Ref1
critical of Auchinleck Ref1
defence of Britain, responsibility for Ref1
dogged nature of Ref1
Greek disaster Ref1
holiday interrupted Ref1
Ironside, attitude towards Ref1
Mediterranean Strategy Ref1, Ref2, Ref3
Middle East changes Ref1, Ref2
Montgomery, high opinion of Ref1
offensive action, acceptance of US plans for Ref1
offer of Auchinleck’s command, decline of Ref1
Overlord, planning for Ref1
Pearl Harbor, reaction to Ref1
Potsdam conference (August 1945) Ref1, Ref2
Pound, view of Ref1
recommendation of Montgomery, acceptance of Ref1
replacement for Ironside (June 1940) Ref1
Rhodes attack, despair at prospect of Ref1
robustness in argument Ref1
Sledgehammer, planning for Ref1
Southern Command, appointment to Ref1
Teheran conference (Nov.–Dec. 1943) Ref1
war diaries Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4
Washington conference (December–January 1941/2) Ref1, Ref2
Washington conference (June 1942) Ref1, Ref2
Washington conference (May 1943) Ref1
Wavell, difficulties with Ref1, Ref2, Ref3
Bryant, Sir Arthur Ref1, Ref2, Ref3
Buchan, John (Lord Tweedsmuir) Ref1, Ref2
Burke, Edmund Ref1
Burns, James MacGregor Ref1, Ref2
Bush, George W. Ref1, Ref2
The Business of War (Kennedy, J.) Ref1
Butcher, Harry Ref1
Butler, R.A. Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5, Ref6, Ref7, Ref8, Ref9, Ref10, Ref11
Cadogan, Sir Alexander Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5, Ref6, Ref7, Ref8, Ref9, Ref10, Ref11
<
br /> Caen Ref1, Ref2
Cairo Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5, Ref6, Ref7, Ref8, Ref9, Ref10, Ref11
conferences in (1943) Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5
de Gaulle in Ref1, Ref2
Rommel’s threat to Ref1, Ref2
Roosevelt Ref1, Ref2
Campbell, Sir Ronald Ref1
Campioni, Admiral Inigo Ref1
Casablanca conference (January 1943) Ref1, Ref2
Casey, Richard (later Lord Casey) Ref1
Cassandra (Daily Mirror) Ref1
Cecil, Lord Hugh Ref1
Cecil, Robert (‘Bobbety’) A.J.G (later Lord Salisbury) Ref1, Ref2, Ref3
Century Group Ref1
Chamberlain, Neville Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5, Ref6, Ref7, Ref8, Ref9, Ref10
attitude towards US Ref1
Churchill’s loyalty to Ref1
on Congress and Roosevelt Ref1
Halifax as preferred successor Ref1
meeting with Hitler in Munich Ref1
negotiated peace, possibility for Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5
political landscape (1940) for Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4
preoccupation of Commons with Ref1
Channon, Henry (‘Chips’) Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5, Ref6
Charmley, John Ref1
Chatfield, Alfred Ernle Montacute (later Lord Chatfield) Ref1
Cherwell, Professor Frederick Lindemann, Lord Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5, Ref6, Ref7
Chicago Daily News Ref1, Ref2
Chiefs of Staff Committee Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5, Ref6, Ref7, Ref8, Ref9, Ref10
chronology of war Ref1
Churchill, Clementine Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5, Ref6, Ref7, Ref8, Ref9, Ref10, Ref11, Ref12, Ref13, Ref14, Ref15, Ref16, Ref17
support from Ref1
temper and ‘acid tongue’ of Ref1
Churchill, Diana Ref1
Churchill, Lady Randolph (Jenny Jerome) Ref1
Churchill, Randolph Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, Ref4, Ref5
Churchill, Sarah Ref1
Churchill, The End of Glory: A Political Biography (Charmley, J.) Ref1
Churchill, Winston S.
affection for Roosevelt Ref1
air force leadership, dealings with Ref1, Ref2
Alamein Ref1
Algiers with Eisenhower Ref1
allied discussions, lack of consensus in Ref1
Anglo-American strategy, British strategy as Ref1
anti-appeasers, support from Ref1