Lepage, Baptiste, 213, 231, 297
Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania (Dickinson), 64
Letters of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (Jackson, ed.), 480
Lewis, Colonel Robert, 21
Lewis, Fielding, 21
Lewis, Meriwether:
accidental shooting of, 395–98, 399–400, 484
anger of, 355, 358, 391–92, 482
Army career of, 37–43, 45–48, 49–50, 59–61, 97
birth of, 19, 20, 22
botanical and wildlife knowledge of, 25, 32, 37, 67, 76–77, 79, 90–91, 126–27, 141, 150–51, 152–53, 235, 268n, 329–31, 409–10, 432–35
burial place of, 476n
celestial observations of, 87, 119–20, 148, 166, 184, 221, 251, 259, 280, 386, 434, 482
childhood and adolescence of, 22–30
compensation and reward of, 425
courage of, 24, 25, 27, 484
courtships of, 422, 429, 437–38, 439–440, 441, 449
debts incurred by, 416, 435–36, 439, 457, 460, 465–66, 468–70, 472, 478
depressions of, 63, 311–12, 440–41, 471–75, 477
Detachment Orders of, 141, 144–46
drinking habits of, 31–32, 312, 436–437, 440, 441, 460, 471, 473, 483
education and training of, 25–29, 67, 76–77, 79–81, 84, 87–88, 89–92, 100, 120, 126
elite political connections of, 63–64, 66–67, 90
ethnology of, 284–88, 337–41
failed iron-frame boat experiment of, 84–86, 210, 228, 242–50
family background of, 20–24
financial accounting of, 209, 435–36, 439
frontier skills and hunting of, 24–25, 30, 50, 76, 80–81, 90, 126, 166–68, 177
fur trade plan of, 377–78, 407–9, 414, 420, 425, 442–44, 454, 459, 460–62
as governor of Louisiana Territory, 425, 429, 436, 440–70, 483
horsemanship of, 30, 50, 115, 122, 188, 190
horses acquired from Indians by, 279, 281–83, 290, 352, 354, 356, 361–362, 365, 369
idealism of, 31, 280
illnesses of, 119, 235, 299–302, 358, 426, 441, 453, 460
impact of success and idleness on, 436–438, 440–41
Indian diplomacy of, 178–85, 189–90, 193–200, 206–11, 268–83, 286, 287, 303–4, 321, 324–25, 343, 346–47, 354–65, 397, 405, 450–51
introspection and self-criticism of, 280
journals of, 67, 76, 95, 96, 108–10, 119, 138, 150, 166–68, 196, 197, 200, 212, 213, 217, 225, 227–28, 239, 243, 245, 247–50, 255–56, 259, 279–80, 284–88, 294, 297, 320, 328–31, 336, 337–41, 353, 367, 370–71, 372, 378, 414–16, 417, 420–21, 426, 431–32, 452, 467, 469, 471, 473, 478–81
land speculation of, 42, 47–48, 439, 447, 450, 454, 483
last will and testament of, 471
leadership qualities of, 129, 141, 144–146, 192, 233, 272–73, 298–99, 404, 411, 441, 481–83
as Mason, 47, 453
medical practices of, 196–97, 223, 235, 241–42, 243, 259, 260, 325–26, 364
natural-history specimens collected by, 127, 137, 141, 150, 152–53, 177–178, 204, 206–7, 218, 226, 268, 330, 350, 367, 409, 417, 429–30, 432–33
new species of plants and animals discovered by, 151, 165, 166, 297, 404n, 432–33
perseverance and self-possession of, 27, 29, 31, 272, 484
physical appearance of, 27, 117
as planter and head of household, 28–32, 37, 47–48, 100, 138, 205, 355
politics of, 45, 49–50, 60–61, 115, 117
portraits and wax figure of, 418, 433
as presidential secretary, 59–67, 75–79, 85, 320, 410, 447
roving penchant of, 27, 37, 39, 43, 47, 50
scant attention to mineral deposits by, 254
suicide of, 475–78, 479, 481
suicide attempts of, 471–72
TJ’s letter of credit for, 306, 314, 452
traveling library of, 91, 226, 432
wild animal encounters of, 238–39
writing style of, 67, 108–10, 167–68, 237
see also Lewis and Clark
Lewis, Nicholas, 22, 25, 27
Lewis, Reuben, 22, 27, 28, 41, 42, 201
ML’s relationship with, 26, 47, 343–344, 350, 440, 441, 454, 457, 462
Lewis, Robert (Lewis’s ancestor), 20–21
Lewis, Robert (Lewis’s cousin), 26
Lewis, Thomas, 21
Lewis, William, 21–22, 43, 63, 311
Lewis and Clark:
co-command of, 97–99, 104, 127, 135
complementary qualities of, 97
decision making of, 230–35, 243, 245–246, 255–56, 261–62, 315–16, 371–72, 404
differences of opinion between, 249, 255–56, 261, 315–16, 327
early Army association of, 46, 97
friendship and trust of, 97, 98, 104, 115, 134, 298, 411, 441, 448, 457
joyful return and reception of, 403, 412, 413–14, 417–23
naming of rivers by, 149, 161, 169n, 222, 227, 229, 242, 252, 258–59, 289, 298, 417, 484
plants named for, 433n
separations risked by, 294–99, 305, 313–14, 318, 356, 376–77
traders encountered by, 397–99, 401–403
Lewis and Clark College, 484
Lewis and Clark Expedition:
arms and ammunition on, 84–85, 89, 127–28, 145, 154, 155, 164, 245, 283, 300, 306, 334
auction of artifacts from, 416, 432
canoes of, 210, 212, 249–50, 251, 301
costs of, 93, 96–97, 130, 435–36
flora and fauna seen on, 130, 133, 140, 149, 150–51, 152–54, 165–68, 176–78, 203, 216–19, 223–24, 228, 232, 238–39, 244, 251–52, 297, 421
horses killed for food on, 293–94, 297
Indian guides used on, 289–91, 293, 297–98, 302, 373–75, 378–80
Indian policy of, 154–64, 170, 171
justice and punishment on, 130, 148–150, 159, 181–82, 192
keelboat and pirogues of, 98, 103–7, 110–11, 118, 130, 136, 139–41, 144–46, 152, 167, 169, 191, 202, 210, 211
maps produced on, 137, 207, 331, 336, 350, 351, 398, 406, 410–11, 420, 431–32
ML offered command of, 76–77, 79, 80
newspaper accounts of, 350, 412–13, 419–20, 426–27
notes lost from, 141, 166–67, 168
oral accounts of, 412–14, 416
origins of, 68–79
political consequences of, 342–52
preparation for, 76–107
published maps and documents of, 351, 406, 479–80
purposes of, 81, 94, 95–96, 116, 144, 185, 186
rumors about loss of, 403
scientific observations and notes of, 150–51, 152–53, 166, 191, 203–10, 226, 297, 329–31, 404, 421
security measures on, 145, 149–50, 154, 169–71, 173–74, 184, 187, 192–93
Spanish plot against, 344–45
supplying of, 84–90, 92, 99, 113, 122, 123, 125–26, 127–28, 130, 133–34, 137, 210
TJ’s instructions for, 81, 87, 89, 93–96, 98, 102, 116–17, 123, 126, 154, 161, 170, 221–22, 254, 292, 330–31, 369
WC offered co-command of, 97–99
winter of 1804–5 and, 190–202, 308
winter of 1805–6 and, 317–36
see also Corps of Discovery
Lewis and Clark Pass, 252n, 292, 381n
Lewis and Clark: Pioneering Naturalists (Cutright), 330–31, 404n
Lewis and Clark River, 316–17
Library Company, 432
Lincoln, Abraham, 54
Lincoln, Levi, 64, 93
Linnaeus, 76, 91, 226
Lisa, Manuel, 125–26, 128, 134, 136n, 343, 416, 446, 454
Little Osage Indians, 451, 457
Little Raven (chief), 183
Little Thief (chief), 156, 158–60, 343
Livingston, Robert, 72–73, 79
Locust Hill, 21, 23, 25, 27–3
2, 37, 41, 42, 47–48, 64, 418, 439
Logan, George, 64, 90
Lolo Hot Springs, 292–93, 373
Lolo Trail, 266n, 359, 367–78, 380, 404–5, 414, 482
London, 39, 74, 334, 351, 407
Lord Dunmore’s War, 19
Lorimier, Louis, 121–22
Lost Tribe of Israel, 90, 154
Louisiana Purchase, 101–2, 114, 116, 124, 136, 145, 348, 349, 363, 408, 425n, 442, 484
formal transfer of power in, 126, 129–130
negotiation for, 72–73, 78–79, 96
political opposition to, 78–79, 101–2, 126, 481
price of, 78–79
Louisiana Territory, 55–57, 70–73, 345, 401
ML as governor of, 425, 429, 436, 440–70, 483
Spain and, 41, 55–58, 70–72, 77, 93–94, 102, 129
WC as superintendent of Indian affairs for, 426, 448, 450, 484
see also New Orleans; Territory of Orleans; Upper Louisiana
Louisville, Ky., 104, 114, 117, 118, 346, 457–58
Louis XVI, king of France, 69, 77
Loyal Land Company, 68
Lukens, Isaiah, 108
McClallen, John, 402–3
McClellan, Robert, 402
McCracken, Hugh, 185
Mackay, Alexander, 73
Mackay, James, 125
McKean, Thomas, 64, 77, 90
Mackenzie, Alexander, 73–75, 77, 428
MacKenzie, Charles, 185, 186, 188, 190, 192, 203–4
McMahon, Bernard, 429–30, 432
McNeal, Hugh, 264–66, 274, 276, 325n
Madison, Dolley, 62–63
Madison, James, 62, 64, 93, 258, 436, 452, 462, 466, 471–72
Madoc, Prince, 290
Magellan, Ferdinand, 139
Majors, Harry, 289
Malone, Dumas, 25, 63, 350, 422, 423, 481
Mandan Indians, 80, 102, 106, 154, 166, 178–81, 182–201, 284, 344, 350, 378, 398–99
Arikara Indians and, 178–85, 189–90, 398
ceremonial and social life of, 182, 184, 193–96, 204, 341
horsemanship of, 183, 190, 195–96
Lewis and Clark relations with, 178–181, 183–85, 189–90, 193–200, 206, 207, 210–11, 341
trading customs of, 166, 182, 185, 199
Mardi Gras, 445–46
Marias River, 233–34, 247, 249, 294, 370, 376–77, 482
exploration of, 384–86, 393–94, 404, 414, 481
Marietta, Ohio, 112, 114
Marks, John, 22, 24, 27, 32, 42, 43, 47–48
Marks, John Hastings, 22, 28–29, 46–47, 100, 439, 454, 478
Marks, Lucy Meriwether Lewis, 21–24, 36, 344, 352, 401, 411, 471, 477
character and personality of, 22–24, 439
family background of, 21
herbal knowledge of, 23, 25, 90
ML’s correspondence with, 23, 25–26, 27–28, 41, 42–43, 45, 46–47, 99–100, 197, 203, 453–54
ML’s relationship with, 23, 25–28, 47–48, 64, 418, 439
Marks, Mary Garland, 22, 28–29, 100, 454
Marquette, Jacques, 333
Marshall, Thomas Maitland, 102
Martínez de Yrujo, Carlos, 77
Maryland, 38, 103
Massachusetts, 19
Matthews, John, 24
Maury, James, 46
Maury, Matthew, 26, 30, 46
Medicine River, 208, 238–39, 243, 292, 381
Memphis, Tenn., 128, 471
Meriwether, Colonel Nicholas, 21, 25
Meriwether, Nicholas, II, 21
Meriwether, William D., 26, 479
Michaux, André, 37, 70–71
Mississippi, 35
Mississippi River, 37, 51, 52, 54–57, 67, 68–71, 78, 80, 97–98, 100–102, 116, 120, 136, 206
ascent of, 106, 120–22, 301
confluence of rivers with, 84, 118–19, 131, 204
Missouri Gazette, 453, 454, 459, 469–70, 484n
Missouri Historical Society, 433n
Missouri Indians, 155, 205, 343
Missouri River, 55–56, 61, 67, 68–71, 76–78, 80, 84, 94, 97–99, 106, 407–9
ascent of, 103, 111, 114, 115, 131, 137–90, 213–67, 272, 333, 345
breaks area of, 226, 230n
confluence of rivers with, 131, 150, 187, 204, 207–8, 221–22, 230–31, 245
descent of, 354, 370, 376
Great Bend of, 80, 92, 400
Great Falls of, 230, 234–39, 242, 245, 247, 250–52, 272, 312, 333, 353, 367, 370, 375, 381
portage, 230, 237, 239–40, 241–45, 272, 375, 376, 384
source of, 266, 280, 351
Three Forks area of, 187, 208, 222, 255, 257, 290, 312, 370, 474
White Cliffs area of, 226–29, 230n, 312
Monongahela River, 51
Monroe, James, 66, 70, 78, 79
Montana, University of, 380
Montana Territory, 221–22, 226, 380–381
Monticello, 21, 28, 33–34, 52, 53, 62, 64, 120, 418, 425, 429, 433, 436, 455
expedition plants and artifacts at, 268n, 350, 417, 418, 436
Indian Hall of, 350, 417
library of, 67, 76–77
TJ’s retirement at, 466, 476–79
Montreal, 73, 179, 378, 407
Morgan, Daniel, 41
Morris, Robert, 37, 70
Moulton, Gary, 108n–9n, 109, 110, 187n, 203, 223, 232n, 234n, 268n, 272n, 325n, 362n, 380n, 480
Mountain Men, 399, 481
Mount Vernon, 48, 65
Museum of the Rockies, 248n
Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 72–73, 78, 101–2, 124, 145
Nashville, Tenn., 84, 86, 92
Natchez, Miss., 97, 351
Natchez Trace, 473, 474, 476n
National Park Service, 319n
Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris, The, 91
Navy, U.S., 352
Nebraska Territory, 161–65
Neely, James, 472, 473, 476
New and Complete Dictionary of the Arts and Sciences, A, 226
New Jersey, 38–39, 437
Newman, John, 181–82, 193, 209, 424
New Mexico, 115, 116, 123, 126, 205, 346
New Orleans, 54, 55, 56, 71–73, 78–79, 92, 96, 125, 126, 137, 345, 350, 442, 445, 447, 484
New York, N.Y., 52, 351, 401, 445
New York Evening Post, 66
New-York Historical Society, 433n
Nez Percé Indians, 199n, 206, 272, 273, 277, 281, 282, 286, 292–93, 298–304, 311, 333, 353, 354, 357–70, 379–80, 385
horsemanship of, 303, 334, 359, 361–363, 365–66, 370
Northern Pacific Railroad, 235n
North West Company, 73, 75, 170, 182, 185, 186, 187, 192, 208, 222, 376, 389, 397, 407, 442–44
Northwest Ordinance, 57
Northwest Passage, 69, 349, 418, 420
Northwest Territory, 57, 68–69, 75–76, 80–81
Notes on the State of Virginia (Jefferson), 35, 204
Oglesby, Richard, 125, 416
Ohio River, 19–20, 41, 47, 50, 52, 57, 71, 84, 94, 100, 103, 107, 118–19
descent of, 100, 105–6, 108–15, 117–119, 301, 480
portage, 108, 110, 112
Ohio Territory, 38, 43, 45, 47, 54, 55, 56, 97, 325
Old Toby (Indian guide), 289–91, 293, 297–98, 302, 375, 414, 474
Omaha Indians, 125, 138, 155, 160, 172–74
One Eye (Le Borgne) (chief), 183, 398
Only One Man Died (Chuinard), 241n, 364n
Ordway, John, 128–29, 130, 131–32, 133, 145, 148, 150, 158, 180, 181, 191, 220, 376, 393, 394, 417
journal of, 335, 396, 434–35
Oregon Historical Society Museum, 234n
Oregon River, 94, 98, 116
Oregon Territory, 58, 67, 102, 170, 319, 345n, 378, 405
Osage Indians, 127, 450, 455
Washington, D.C., visits of, 126, 130, 133, 136, 137, 200–201, 342–43, 417
see also Great Osage In
dians; Little Osage Indians
Osage River, 125, 137, 141, 343, 408, 443, 450
Oto Indians, 153, 155–60, 204–5, 343, 344n, 345, 352
Ottawa Indians, 19
Pacific Ocean, 23, 37, 55, 68, 70–71, 74–77, 84, 94, 98, 122–23
coastal areas of, 56, 70, 75, 80, 95
Paine, Thomas, 64
Paris, 69, 72–73, 79, 410
Paris, Treaty of, 70
Parker, Thomas, 87
Partisan, the (chief), 169–71, 174
Passage Through the Garden: Lewis and Clark and the Image of the American Northwest (Allen), 75
Patterson, Robert, 81, 87–88, 91, 111
Patterson, William, 111
Pawnee Indians, 343
Peace River, 73
Peale, Charles Willson, 64, 350, 418, 433, 479
Peale’s Museum, 418, 433
Pennsylvania, 38–41, 64
Pennsylvania, University of, 90, 91, 113, 479
Penrose, Clement, 469
Pernier, John, 453, 460, 471, 473–75, 476
Philadelphia, Pa., 19, 37, 51, 52, 63, 64, 79, 81, 85–92, 98, 103, 119–20, 126–27, 350, 409–10, 429–38
Philadelphia Museum, 418
Piegan Indians, 387–94
Pike, Zebulon, 402
Pinckney, Charles, 452
Pittsburgh, Pa., 41, 47, 51, 59, 85, 92, 99, 102–3, 105, 111, 346
Pittsburgh Gazette, 412, 427
Pizarro, Francisco, 335
Platte River, 141, 144, 150, 155, 157, 201, 204–5, 221, 344, 402
Poland, 69
Ponca Indians, 155
Potomac River, 21, 51
Potts, John, 148, 416
Practical Introduction to Spherics and Nautical Astronomy, A, 91
Pratz, Antoine Simor Le Page du, 76, 91, 432
President, 401
President’s House, 59, 62–64, 67, 77, 80, 120, 311, 320, 333, 343, 350, 410, 420, 422–23, 430
Preston, William, 449–50
Princeton College, 479
Prospect Before Us, The (Callender), 65
Provenchere, Peter, 465
Pryor, Nathaniel, 105, 118, 131, 148, 161–62, 231, 318, 376, 377, 396–397, 426, 448, 451, 461–62
Pursh, Frederick, 432–33
Quaife, Milo, 480
Quebec, 179, 185
Quebec Act of 1774, 19–20
railroads, 53, 484
Randolph, Martha Jefferson, 53, 63, 426
Randolph, Thomas Mann, 426
Rannie, 64
Raven Man (chief), 183
Red River, 342, 349, 402
Reed, Moses B., 158–59, 161, 181, 209
Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States (Steuben), 44, 45
Republican Party, 48–49, 50, 60–62, 64, 65–66, 79, 117, 429
TJ and, 45, 48, 49, 73, 408
Richard, 401
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