by Simon Heffer
86. Amery, p. 243.
87. Hynes, p. 254.
88. Webb, III, p. 318.
89. Pope-Hennessy, p. 509.
90. Bilton, p. 111.
91. Chitty, p. 245.
92. Cooper, p. 92.
93. Asquith Papers: MS.Eng.d.3216, diary entry for 11 November 1918.
94. RA GV/PRIV/GVD/1918: 11 November.
95. Clark A., p. 258.
96. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/21, diary entry for 11 November 1918.
97. Plunkett Papers: Diary, 11 November 1918.
98. Russell, II, p. 37.
99. Bell Q., II, p. 62.
100. S&W, p. 186.
101. Hynes, p. 255.
102. Taylor I, p. 114.
103. NA: CAB 23/8: Minutes of meeting 502 of the War Cabinet, 14 November 1918.
104. Hankey Papers: HNKY 1/6, entry for 6–17 November 1918.
105. Hankey, II, p. 872.
106. Gilbert, IV(C), I, p. 410.
107. Callwell, II, p. 149.
108. Gilbert, IV(C), I, p. 421.
109. Charman, p. 301.
110. Wilson, p. 317.
111. Hansard, Vol. 110 col. 3347.
112. The Times, 13 November 1918, p. 9.
113. Ibid., 23 November 1918, p. 13.
114. Hansard, Vol. 110 col. 2596.
115. Ibid., col. 2598.
116. Ibid., col. 2599.
117. The Times, 29 June 1918, p. 3.
118. Ibid., 2 August 1918, p. 9.
119. Ibid., 13 November 1918, p. 12.
120. Gilbert, IV(C), I, p. 416.
121. Scott, p. 317.
122. McKibbin, p. 111.
123. Hansard, Vol. 110 col. 3201.
124. S&A, II, pp. 312–13.
125. Hankey Papers: HNKY 1/5, entry for 18 November 1918.
126. Ibid., entry for 23 November 1918.
127. Ibid., entry for 24 November 1918.
128. Stephen R. Ward, ‘The British Veterans’ Ticket of 1918’, Journal of British Studies, Vol. 8 No. 1, p. 157.
129. Ibid., p. 159.
130. Asquith, MR, II, p. 170.
131. The Times, 19 November 1918, p. 8.
132. Samuel, p. 131.
133. Asquith, MR, II, p. 171.
134. S&A, II, p. 317.
135. Davidson, p. 87.
136. The Times, 19 November 1918, p. 8.
137. Gilbert, IV(C), I, p. 421.
138. PA: BBK/C/85.
139. PA: BBK/C/265.
140. PA: BBK/C/261.
141. The Times, 20 November 1918, p. 7.
142. Ibid., 30 November 1918, p. 6.
143. Keynes, pp. 127–28.
144. Ibid., p. 131.
145. Riddell, p. 349.
146. Amery, p. 246.
147. Haig, pp. 346–47.
148. Beaverbrook II, p. xviii.
149. The Times, 20 December 1918, p. 9.
150. Hammond, p. 247.
151. Retrieved from http://spartacus-educational.com/GE1918.htm.
152. Keynes, p. 131.
153. Lloyd George Papers: F/41/8/31.
154. Callwell, II, p. 155.
155. Stephen R. Ward, op. cit., p. 167.
156. Hankey Papers: HNKY 1/5, entry for 28 December 1918.
157. Petrie, II, p. 132.
158. Hansard, Vol. 110 col. 1988.
159. Ibid., col. 2000.
160. Ferriter, p. 181.
161. Scott, p. 362.
162. Townshend II, p. 61.
163. Ferriter, p. 184.
164. Ibid., p. 183.
Chapter 12: Aftermath
1. Russell, II, p. 39.
2. Stevenson I, pp. 447–48.
3. DeGroot II, p. 337.
4. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/britain_wwone/women_employment_01.shtml.
5. S&W, p. 1.
6. Retrieved from http://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/some-british-army-statistics-of-the-great-war/.
7. Jeffery, p. 5.
8. E&H, p. 100.
9. Taylor I, p. 121.
10. Retrieved from englishemigrationtocanada.blogspot.com.
11. The Times, 16 May 1919, p. 13.
12. Asquith, MR, II, pp. 173–74.
13. The Times, 16 May 1919, p. 13.
14. Hansard, Vol. 85 cols 981–82.
15. Haig, p. 344.
16. Ibid., p. 345.
17. Ibid., p. 357.
18. Lancet, 2 February 1918.
19. The Times, 31 December 1918, p. 9.
20. Hansard (Lords), Vol. 34 col. 84.
21. Ibid., col. 76.
22. The Times, 13 June 1918, p. 3.
23. Ibid., 2 July 1918, p. 3.
24. NA: CAB 23/9: Minutes of meeting 514 of the War Cabinet, 8 January 1919.
25. Clarke, p. 187.
26. Stevenson I, p. 1.
27. Heffer, AD, p. 651ff; Stevenson I, p. 463.
28. Keynes, Ch. 5.
29. M&B, pp. 72–73.
30. The Times, 24 June 1919, p. 13.
31. Taylor I, p. 129.
32. The Times, 11 January 1919, p. 9.
33. Hankey Papers: HNKY 1/5, entry for 16 December 1918.
34. Petrie, II, p. 136.
35. Petrie, CT, p. 162.
36. Beaverbrook II, p. xiii.
37. PA: LG/F/29/3/1.
38. Gilbert, IV(C), I, p. 445.
39. Campbell, p. 460.
40. Ibid., p. 469 (n).
41. Hansard, Vol. 108 col. 1048.
42. Ibid., Vol. 92 col. 207.
43. The Times, 22 March 1918, p. 3.
44. NA: CAB 23/9: Minutes of meeting 541 of the War Cabinet, 4 March 1919.
45. Renwick, p. 139.
46. Hansard, Vol. 116 col. 1335.
47. Ibid., col. 1340.
48. Hankey Papers: HNKY 1/5, entry for 5 December 1918.
49. DNB 1961–70, p. 487.
50. Hansard, Vol. 82 col. 658.
51. Churchill puts this point to Lloyd George: see Gilbert, IV(C), I, p. 440.
52. The Times, 25 January 1918, p. 4.
53. Churchill W., VI, p. 52.
54. Hankey Papers: HNKY 1/5, entry for 18 December 1918.
55. Gilbert, IV(C), I, p. 443.
56. Callwell, II, p. 161.
57. Churchill Papers: CHAR 16/3/17.
58. Brown, p. 88.
59. Callwell, II, p. 161.
60. NA: CAB 23/8: Minutes of meeting 521 of the War Cabinet, 28 January 1918, Appendix.
61. Gilbert, IV(C), I, p. 462.
62. The Times, 22 January 1919, p. 10.
63. Churchill Papers: CHAR 16/3/39.
64. Gilbert, IV(C), I, p. 451.
65. Gilbert, IV(C), I, p. 474.
66. Churchill Papers: CHAR 16/3/30.
67. Ibid.: CHAR 16/3/18.
68. Gilbert, IV(C), I, p. 475.
69. Churchill Papers: CHAR 16/3/54–5.
70. Haig, p. 350.
71. Churchill Papers: CHAR 16/3/53.
72. Ibid.: CHAR 16/3/80.
73. Ibid.: CHAR 16/3/95.
74. Ibid.: CHAR 16/3/121.
75. Hansard, Vol. 113 col. 561.
76. Ibid., col. 562.
77. Ibid., col. 563.
78. Ibid., col. 564.
79. Ibid., col. 568.
80. Hansard (Lords), Vol. 34 col. 164.
81. NA: CAB 23/10: Minutes of meeting 555 of the War Cabinet, 10 April 1919.
82. The Times, 7 March 1919, p. 10.
83. Petrie, II, p. 140.
84. NA: CAB 23/9: Minutes of meeting 522 of the War Cabinet, 30 January 1918.
85. The Times, 4 February 1919, p. 9.
86. Ibid., 1 February 1919, p. 9.
87. Hansard, Vol. 112 col. 625.
88. Ibid., cols 49–50.
89. NA: CAB 23/9: Minutes of meeting 531 of the War Cabinet, 12 February 1919.
90. Stevenson F., p. 173.
91. NA: CAB 23/9, Minutes of meeting 547 of the War C
abinet, 19 March 1919.
92. Gilbert, IV(C), I, p. 520.
93. NA: CAB 23/9: Minutes of meeting 548 of the War Cabinet, 20 March 1919.
94. Hansard, Vol. 112 cols 72–73.
95. Ibid., col. 339.
96. NA: CAB 23/9: Minutes of meeting 544 of the War Cabinet, 13 March 1919.
97. Hansard, Vol. 112 col. 327.
98. Ibid., col. 340.
99. Ibid., col. 333.
100. Ibid., col. 345.
101. Ibid., col. 81.
102. Ibid., cols 352–53.
103. NA: CAB 23/10: Minutes of meeting 577 of the War Cabinet, 6 June 1919.
104. Hansard, Vol. 114 col. 1564.
105. Sommer, p. 363.
106. The Times, 21 January 1919, p. 9.
107. Ibid., 5 February 1919, p. 9.
108. Ibid., 7 February 1919, p. 9.
109. Ibid., 10 February 1919, p. 5.
110. NA: CAB 23/9: Minutes of meeting 541 of the War Cabinet, 4 March 1919.
111. Hansard, Vol. 112 col. 49.
112. The Times, 15 April 1919, p. 8.
113. Ibid., 17 April 1919, p. 12.
114. Lloyd I, p. xxii.
115. The Times, 15 April 1919, p. 13.
116. Ibid., 19 April 1919, p. 11.
117. See Heffer, HM, p. 579.
118. Stevenson F., p. 174.
119. Ibid., p. 179.
120. Hansard, Vol. 114 col. 2947.
121. Ibid., cols 2953–54.
122. Thompson I, p. 326.
123. Haste, p. 197.
124. Taylor F., pp. 21–22.
125. Webb, III, pp. 344–45.
126. Davidson, p. 91.
127. Ibid., p. 92.
128. RA GV/PRIV/GVD/1919: 28 June.
129. Davidson, p. 93.
130. RA GV/PRIV/GVD/1919: 28 June.
INDEX
The page references in this index correspond to the print edition from which this ebook was created, and clicking on them will take you to the the location in the ebook where the equivalent print page would begin. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.
Aboukir, HMS 145
Accrington Pals 101, 410
Acland, Francis Dyke 34, 44, 165, 331–2, 452, 745–6, 814–15
Adamson, William 815–16
Addison, Christopher 232, 248, 337, 476, 480, 516, 518, 545–6, 594, 595, 604, 605, 761–2, 791–3, 797
agriculture see farmers/farming
air defences 318–19
air-raid shelters, building 606
Aisne, Second Battle of the (1917) 504
Aitken, Sir Max see Beaverbrook, 1st Baron
Albany, Charles Edward, Duke of (formerly Saxe-Coburg-Gotha) 115–16, 215, 432, 433, 591
Albert, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein 432
Albert I, King of the Belgians 74, 85, 146
alcohol: prohibition and taxation 158, 167, 168–74, 204–5, 211, 287, 317, 530, 539, 656, 823; and women 168–9, 317; shortage of beer 596–7; beer production increases 812
Alexander of Teck, Prince 592
Alexandra, Queen 101, 258–9, 590, 781
Alexei, Tsarevich 587
Aliens Restriction Act 108–9, 118
Allan, Maud 667
Allen, Reginald 334
Allenby, General Edmund 796
Alsace and Lorraine 11, 47, 48, 82, 199, 568, 585, 731, 757
Amalgamated Society of Engineers 337, 593, 653, 717
Amery, Leo 64, 70, 276, 305, 565, 647, 662, 171, 755, 770
Amiens, France 132, 135, 136, 138, 411, 703; Battle of (1918) 727–8, 735
Amphion, HMS 133
Amritsar massacre (1919) 819–20
Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act (1919) 818–19
Ancaster, James Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of 384–5
Anderson, William 284, 549, 550
Angell, Norman 43
Antwerp 72, 139, 145–7, 149, 514
Archer-Shee, George 446
Archer-Shee, Colonel Martin 662
Argyll, John Campbell, 9th Duke of 433
Armaments Committee 204
Armentières 707, 755
Armstrong’s arms factory 207
Army Council 63, 70, 71, 299, 309, 326, 362, 401, 423, 641, 642, 670, 671, 677, 716
Arras, Battle of (1917) 555, 593, 651
Ashe, Thomas 634–5
Ashton-under-Lyme 607
Askwith, Sir George 718
Asquith, Arthur (‘Oc’) 146–7, 170, 259
Asquith, Lady Cynthia 229, 249, 353, 359, 474, 753
Asquith, Elizabeth 170
Asquith, Henry Herbert: character traits 198, 205, 212, 376, 406, 447, 479–80; and assassination of Franz Ferdinand 6–7; and Irish Home Rule 6, 9, 24, 52–3, 123–7; and worsening European situation 23, 33–4, 38, 44, 49, 50, 55, 56, 57, 58, 61–72 passim, 76–7; and Viscount Morley 38, 55, 61, 68, 70, 72, 83; and Churchill 64, 146–7, 161, 183, 195–6, 197, 199, 201, 208, 223, 230, 231, 303, 447; and Haldane 50, 70–71, 99, 116, 120, 127, 130, 224, 236, 237–8; and outbreak of war 85, 105, 107; appoints Kitchener Minister of War 83, 99–100, 127, 130; relationship with Venetia Stanley 44, 100, 120–21, 181, 186, 197–8, 202, 212, 216–17, 224, see under Stanley, Venetia for his letters; stops requisitioning of horses 94; on army recruitment 98, 122, 213; sees the King 108, 111–12; visits internment camp 112; and the Speyers 113; and Prince Louis of Battenberg 113–14; and the Dukes of Cumberland and Albany 115–16, 433; and Hankey 119–20, 181; chairs first meeting of Council of War 127; and safe arrival of BEF on continent 129; and Sir John French 129, 130, 131; and Battle of Mons 131, 132, 133; and Northcliffe/Northcliffe press 135, 145, 199, 200, 207–8, 209–10, 211, 212, 219, 225, 227, 228, 242, 244, 255, 269, 278, 279, 287, 291, 302–3, 318, 319, 481–2; and sinking of HMS Audacious 137; and German successes 139; overrules Kitchener 141; delivers ‘national’ speeches 142, 144, 145; inspects military preparations 143; and Churchill’s botched Antwerp operation 146–7; and Admiral Fisher 148, 188, 189, 222, 223–4, 225, 227, 228; angry with Cradock 160; and industrial unrest 166; opposes prohibition 169, 171; and cabinet meetings 180; hears of conditions at the front 181; reorganises War Council 181–2, 196; disagrees with Lloyd George and Churchill on strategy 182–3, 184, 185, 186–7, 188–9, 192–3; and Percy Illingworth 186; and new Munitions Committee 194–5, 201; and move towards coalition government 195, 196, 197; an anti-suffragist 197, 207; and Lloyd George 199–200, 201, 203, 208, 210, 233, 235–6, 241; and Dardanelles campaign 183–4, 201–2; and shortage of munitions 202–3, 205; his Newcastle speech 202, 204–6, 207, 209, 210, 220; and miners’ pay demands 206–7; criticisms of 209–10; and sinking of Lusitania 214; and Sylvia Henley 216, 244–5; and enemy aliens 219; and Law 225, 231–2, 236, 277; and coalition 224–7, 228–9, 235–6, 243–4; and McKenna 236; and Curzon 237; and Grey 238; keeps Hankey 241; chairs Dardanelles Committee 242–3, 443–4; and French 245, 249; his terms for peace 268; and miners’ unrest 270; opposes compulsory conscription 272, 277, 278, 279, 280, 288–90, 292–3, 301; meets Joffre in France 273; relations with Lloyd George deteriorate 273, 280, 281, 294–5; and the Derby Scheme 290, 293, 302–7, 308–9; increasingly isolated 291, 292–3, 312; chairs new War Committee 295, 296, 302–3; and Kitchener’s resignation 296, 313; illness 296, 302; and French’s removal 296–8; and Churchill’s resignation 300; introduces Military Service Bill 309–11, 312; and conscientious objectors 313, 336, 404–5; and evacuation of Gallipoli peninsula 314; and air defences 318–19; angry at Churchill’s speech 321, 322; in Rome 323; and passing of the Military Service Bill 323–30 passim; agrees to British Summer Time 339; and defeat at Kut-al-Amara 341, 444; and Easter Rising and aftermath 357, 359, 360, 363, 367–8, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 375–6, 443, 774; and Birrell’s resignation 365; in Ireland 373–4, 376; and the Irish question 377–92 passim, 429, 625, 626, 630, 687, 688, 690, 700; and Battle of Jutland 396, 397; and Kitchener’s death 398, 399; appoint
s Lloyd George to the War Office 400, 401, 402–3; exhausted 404, 447; at Garsington 406; and Battle of the Somme 407–8, 422, 448–9; and Haig 408; changes mind over women’s suffrage 434–5, 622–3; and Robertson 438, 450; his workload 439; under pressure to resign 440, 443–4, 446, 447–8; drinking heavily 447, 448; and death of son 448; ‘somnolent’ and ‘hopeless’ 456; and Law 457, 458; and Lloyd George’s plans for War Committee 459–67 passim, 468–9, 471–2; end of relationship with Lloyd George 470–71; and Lloyd George’s resignation 473; and Balfour’s resignation 473–4; resigns 474; and Law’s failure to form a government 474–6; shown loyalty by colleagues 476–7, 480; ousted by Lloyd George 477, 478–9, 480, 481, 488, 489–90, 495–7, 508; and Northcliffe Press 481–2; angry at Dardanelles Commission report 509–10; forms reconstruction committee 554; meets with Haig 562; consulted by Robertson 566; approves Lansdowne’s letter on peace plans 581, 582, 583; and the King’s name change 581, 592; refuses Lloyd George’s invitation to join the government 629; and the press 660, 707; supports Robertson and Haig 670, 673–4, 675, 677, 678; and the Supreme War Council 673, 674; and Maurice’s letter criticising Lloyd George 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 768, 772; congratulates Samuel on correcting Lloyd George’s ‘misrepresentations’ 727; with Lloyd George on Armistice Day 757; refused a place at the Peace Conference 765–6; and general election 736, 741, 767–8; loses seat 772; at Edith Cavell’s funeral 781; on distribution of wealth and employment of ex-soldiers 785–6, 796
Asquith, Herbert 753
Asquith, Katharine (née Horner) 249, 448
Asquith, Margot (née Tennant): and Needlework Guild 98; on Kitchener 99, 180, 249; horrified by losses at Mons 133; on Grey 143, 235; and Churchill 143, 161, 185, 197, 208, 230, 231; ‘we are left staring at God’ 155; and legislation on alcohol 169, 170, 174; drunk 198; and Lloyd George 195, 208, 227, 229, 230, 244, 400, 401, 402; and Asquith’s infatuation with Venetia Stanley 198, 217, 224; on Dawson 207–8; on The Times 208; appalled by attacks on Germans 218; dances with Fisher 222; and Haldane’s dismissal 236; and Northcliffe press 229, 244, 249, 304, 397, 401; on Clementine Churchill’s letter to Asquith 230; and French 249; stunned by rows of wounded men 249; and Rupert Brooke 259, 260; becomes figurehead of anti-conscription campaign 273; clear that Lloyd George, Curzon and Churchill are trying to ‘wreck the Government’ 292, 304; calms Asquith down 293; sees no future for Churchill 300; and death of son 448; and new War Committee 465, 466, 469, 470; on Balfour’s jealousy of Asquith 473–4; and Asquith’s resignation 474; angry at ‘the most squalid political intrigue’ 497; questions Montagu’s loyalty 486; and Queen Alexandra 590; ridicules the King’s telegram to Asquith 756; rebukes Beaverbrook 769; at Edith Cavell’s funeral 781