by Simon Heffer
Clacton 149, 559
Clan na Gael 343, 346
Clark, Reverend Andrew 134, 176–7, 276, 291, 317, 410, 413, 756
Clarke, Tom 346, 347, 349, 355, 356, 367
Cleethorpes 639
Clemenceau, Georges 566, 669, 682, 708, 732, 771, 787, 820–21, 822, 823, 824
Clyde Workers’ Committee (CWC) 235, 284–5, 337
Clydeside workers 165–6, 173, 174, 221–2, 235, 239, 269, 282–5, 285, 294, 337–8, 585, 598, 636, 653, 750, 807, 808, 809
Clynes, J. R. 649, 750, 764
coal industry 163, 164, 205–6, 246, 525, 552–3, 654, 719, 750, 807–8; see also miners
cocaine, use of 611
Cockerill, General George 422–3
Colebrooke, Alexandra, Lady (née Paget) 275
Collins, Colonel Godfrey 601–2
Collins, Michael 429, 634, 696
Colthurst, Captain John Bowen 361–2, 392, 701
Colwyn, Frederick Smith, 1st Baron 737
Commission on Industrial Unrest 619
Committee of Imperial Defence 71, 118, 119, 120, 183, 225
Connaught, Arthur, Duke of 590, 591, 659, 771
Connolly, James 342, 349, 354–5, 356, 363, 367, 368, 375, 376
Connolly, Seán 356
conscientious objectors 78, 105, 266, 310, 313, 329, 333–6, 404–5, 407, 423, 425, 530, 572, 585, 639–40, 804–5
Constantinople 184, 187, 192, 193, 314, 575
Contraband Committee 319
convict prisons 615
Cooper, Duff 120, 217, 447, 755–6
Coronel, Battle of (1914) 160
cotton industry 102, 246–7, 749, 770, 813
Council of War 120, 127–8, 129, 133, 182; see War Council
Coventry 281, 598, 654, 717, 750
Cowans, General Sir John 133
Cowdray, Weetman Pearson, 1st Viscount 487, 515, 516
Cowdray Park 97
Cox, A. W. 154
Crackanthorpe, Dayrell, British minister in Belgrade 8, 16, 18, 19, 23, 24, 28, 29, 30, 32, 42, 44
Cradock, Rear Admiral Sir Christopher 160
Crawford, Lady Gertrude 275
Crawford and Balcarres, David Lindsay, 27th Earl of 118, 169, 456
Cressy, HMS 145
Crewe, Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of 65, 121, 161, 236, 237, 273, 279, 291, 293, 305, 328, 381, 385, 466, 471, 475, 629, 630, 804, 813–14
Crewe, Lady Sybil (née Graham) 102
cricket/cricket clubs/cricketers 73, 94, 151–2, 357, 358, 761
crime 311, 615, 812; juvenile 615–19, 744
Criminal Law Amendment Bill (1917) 613
Croft, Henry Page 794, 795
Cromer (1915) 162
Cromer, Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of 444, 445, 446
Crowe, Sir Eyre 18, 25, 27, 33, 35, 36, 37, 39–40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 50, 51–2, 53, 55, 57, 59–60, 68, 86
Cumann na mBan 351, 354, 363
Cumberland and Teviotdale, Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of 115–16, 215, 432, 591
Cunard, Maud 474
Cunliffe, Walter 54, 61–2
Cunliffe, Whit 336
Curragh 358, 360; incident (March, 1914) 70, 95, 130, 297, 400
Currency and Banknotes Bill (1914) 121
Curzon of Kedleston, George Curzon, Marquess 483; and Kitchener 194–5, 292; mocks Haldane 117; and German raid on Scarborough 161–2; critical of the government 188, 222; becomes Lord Privy Seal 237; and Asquith 237; in favour of conscription 277, 278, 280, 288, 304, 305, 307; attacks Derby 289–90; excluded from War Committee 295; argues against evacuation of Gallipoli peninsula 313–14; suggests a separate Air Ministry 318, 319; praised by the King 324; loses faith in Asquith 448, 469; rubbishes Lloyd George’s ideas for ‘shipping and food dictators’ 451; hostile to Law’s proposals 462; critical of Lloyd George 469; visits Asquith with Chamberlain and Cecil, 471, 473; and Churchill 478, 514–15; and Lloyd George’s coup 478, 479; and the press 482; joins War Cabinet 483–4, 485; and Haig 487; and Lloyd George’s honours list 521, 522, 524; favours attack on Flanders 557; ‘a gas-bag’ 560; and Robertson 563; and air-raid precautions 610; and Irish Home Rule 629, 692, 696, 698, 699; demands press censorship for Billing case 667; feared to be contemplating resignation 676; makes false statements in the Lords about manpower 708; wants Kaiser put on trial 787; remains Leader of the Lords 790; told by Churchill of disintegration of Army 801
‘Cuthberts’ 544–5
Dáil Éireann 816, 817
Daily Chronicle 183, 201, 208, 411, 518, 709, 736, 737–8, 739
Daily Citizen 92, 172
Daily Express 237, 304, 459, 467, 478, 488, 621, 738, 768
Daily Herald 213, 572, 807
Daily Mail 43, 69, 111, 117, 133–4, 137, 203, 215, 239, 240, 279, 291, 294, 302, 315, 318, 319, 322, 324, 338, 415, 427, 477, 482, 487, 512, 518, 571, 591, 643, 664, 668, 760, 772, 788, 803, 822
Daily Mirror 545
Daily News 240, 491, 564, 586, 709, 716
Daily Telegraph, The 135, 582, 583, 709
Dalziel, Sir Henry 249, 737, 738–9
Dardanelles campaign, the 147, 170, 183–5, 187–9, 192–3, 196, 199, 201–2, 212, 222–3, 224, 225, 230, 231, 239, 240–41, 242, 291, 294, 295, 300, 341, 403, 443, 642, 729; casualties 79, 147, 222, 253–4, 255, 413
Dardanelles Commission/report 189, 242, 295, 447, 456, 508–10
Darling, Charles Darling, 1st Baron 667
Darwin, Sir Francis 742
Davidson, J[ohn] C[olin] C[ampbell] 224, 232, 457, 460, 478, 479, 523, 678, 788, 824–5
Davidson, Dr Randall, Archbishop of Canterbury 66, 124, 144, 176, 214, 591, 725, 784
Davies, Colonel David 402
Davies, Sir Joseph (‘J. T.’) 438, 538–9, 716, 824
Davis, Ruth 332
Dawson, Geoffrey (né Robinson) 207–8, 470, 471, 477, 581, 657–8, 822
de Bunsen, Lady Bertha (née Lowry-Corry) 87
de Bunsen, Sir Maurice, British ambassador to Austria 5, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 19, 22, 23, 24, 30, 31, 32, 39, 40, 43, 44, 51, 52, 63, 87
Debussy, Claude 113
Defence of the Realm Act (DORA) 110, 115, 119, 136, 137, 161, 166, 171, 204, 206, 211, 232, 305, 311, 337, 338, 343, 345, 351, 365, 383, 385, 405, 422, 423, 424, 452, 455, 594, 597, 602, 604, 614, 633, 634, 635, 660, 665, 749, 750, 761, 808, 811
DeGroot, Gerard 145
Denmark 41, 86, 184, 319, 588
Dent, Edward 653
Derby, Edward Villiers Stanley, 17th Earl of 100–1; forms Liverpool Pals 100; suggests badge for unfit volunteers 179; forms dockers’ battalion in Liverpool 203; calls for accredited war correspondents 209; says Asquith’s statements about munitions are untrue 210; addresses recruitment rally at Blackpool 242; argues for conscription 273–4; on trades unionists 278–9; appointed director general of recruiting 289–90; conceives a scheme see Derby Scheme; chairs committee on air defences 318–19; heckled at Albert Hall rally 324; and National Military Service Act 330; urged by Gwynne to support Carson 337; and Kitchener 398; at War Office 401, 403, 463; described by Haig 403, 463; gives evidence against Russell and Brockway 406; and Lloyd George’s coup 465, 469; resigns 473; tries to persuade Rosebery to become Lord Privy Seal 477; becomes Secretary of State for War 485; and Aitken’s peerage 488; and Nivelle plan 505, 506, 507, 508; opposes Lord Cowdray’s replacement at the War Office by Churchill 515, 517; relationship with Lloyd George 520–21, 544, 545; and Robertson 562–3, 647, 671, 672, 675, 676; alarmed at Lloyd George’s speech 566; and Russian Revolution 592; and Haig 642, 643, 676–7, 704; accepts post of ambassador to France 708; and peace terms 733; and his son’s by-election victory 766
Derby Scheme 278, 290–91, 301–6, 308, 309, 310, 311, 326, 696–7
de Robeck, Rear Admiral John 192, 193, 201, 231
Despard, Charlotte 623
de Valera, Éamon 342, 357, 362, 364, 367, 392, 632, 634, 635, 636, 687, 692, 694, 695–6, 698, 774, 817, 818
Devonport, Hudson Kearley, 1st Viscount
487, 530, 531–3, 534, 542, 593
Devonshire, Lady Evelyn Cavendish, Duchess of (née Fitzmaurice) 487, 490, 584
Devonshire, Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of 64
Devoy, John 346
Dicey, A. V. 124
Dickinson, Sir John 640–41
Diggle, John, Bishop of Carlisle 177
Dillon, John 312, 366, 367, 369, 371–2, 373, 376, 389, 630, 687, 688–9, 695, 697, 701–2, 773, 774
Disabled Officers Fund (DOF) 782–3
Discharged Soldiers’ Association (DSA) 815
divorce 615
dogs and dog licences 7, 65, 190, 602
Donald, Robert 518, 739
Donop, Major General Sir Stanley von 233, 249
DORA see Defence of the Realm Act
Douglas, Lord Alfred 667
Dover 161, 422, 780, 798
Dover, Straits of 149, 181, 190
Dowling, Lance Corporal Joseph Patrick 700
Downham, William Hayes Fisher, 1st Baron 739, 747, 752, 784–5
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan 106, 152, 418, 419, 613
Doyle, George Conan 418
Doyle, Kingsley Conan 418
Drummond, Flora 538
DSA see Discharged Soldiers’ Association
Dublin 116, 173, 336, 342, 343–4, 345, 632; Asquith’s speech (1914) 144, 145; City Hall 346; housing 347; newspapers 349, 351; Mansion House 351, 816; poverty 374; Ashe’s funeral 634–5; flu 751, 752; Armistice 756; and Sinn Féin 774–5; see also Dáil Éireann 816, 817; Easter Rising
Dublin Brigade 350, 354
Dublin Metropolitan Police 366, 383, 384
Duke, Henry 390, 429, 625, 634, 635, 682–3, 685, 690, 691, 694, 700
Dumaine, Alfred, French ambassador to Austria 15, 28
Duncan, Charles 719
Dunrobin Castle 97
Dyer, Brigadier General Reginald 819, 820
Easter Rising (1916) 329, 336, 348, 349, 350, 351, 353–66, 820; and aftermath 404, 427, 429, 625, 632, 687–8, 693, 694, 696, 698, 774; rebels executed 366–8, 375; ruined buildings 368–9, 390; causes debated 369–73, 374–5, 385; Royal Commission 374; Hardinge report on 374, 383–4
Economist, the 243
economy, British 2, 75, 301, 317, 325, 334, 448, 542–3, 599–602; and Lloyd George’s 1914 Budget 157–9; postwar 158, 763–4, 785, 786–7, 793–4, 797, 810; see also gold reserves; taxation
Edinburgh 152, 511, 604; Asquith’s speech (1914) 144, 145; bantam battalions 178; Craiglockhart Hospital 573–4, 783
Edmonds, Sir James 130
education system, British 742, 743–6
Edward VII 12, 31, 38, 130, 148, 432, 433, 581–2
Edward VIII (as Prince of Wales) 101, 184–5, 653
Elections and Registrations Act (1915) 268
Elgar, Lady Caroline Alice (née Roberts) 263
Elgar, Sir Edward 112, 263, 267, 652; Cello Concerto 263, 652; ‘Land of Hope and Glory’ 274; The Sanguine Fan 263; The Spirit of England 263; The Starlight Express 263
Eliot, T. S. 265; Prufrock and Other Observations 650
Eliot, Vivienne 265
Elizabeth, Queen 97
Ellison, Private George Edwin 755
Emmott, Alfred Emmott, 1st Baron 230
Enchantress (Admiralty yacht) 18
enemy aliens 108–12, 119, 165, 215, 218, 219–20, 666–8
England, Mrs (sister of Lord Loreburn) 275
English Review 105
Epsom 806
Esher, Reginald Brett, 2nd Viscount 38, 70, 97; and Sir John French 130, 298; his recruitment appeal 140; and the King’s view of Germans 214–15; summoned from France to see Asquith 297–8; tells French that he must resign 298; tells Asquith of rural tribunals 336; tells Asquith of German peace overtures 396; and Kitchener’s death 398; speaks to Haig about Asquith 399, 404; on need for press propaganda 409; records casualties in France 411, 421; his damning judgment of Lloyd George in France 435–7; on Lloyd George’s ambitions 450–51, 472–3; and Aitken’s peerage 488, 521; and Churchill 514; and Lloyd George’s reshuffle 518; horrified by honours list 521, 522; and Russian Revolution 587; meets Repington in France 658; told by Sir Philip Sassoon of lack of manpower 682; on lack of government 704; and Armistice 756; told of Bolsheviks 760; diary entries 38, 70, 136, 184–5, 188, 193, 224, 225, 226–7, 228, 239, 269, 280, 360, 401, 411, 421, 438, 439, 450–51, 488, 505, 565, 583–4, 592, 705, 756
Esmonde, Captain John 773
Essex Regiment 101
Eton School 18, 78, 80, 254–5, 432, 531, 779
Eyre, Edward 820
Eyschen, Pal, Luxembourg prime minister 64
Fabians 578–9
Factory canteens 539–40
Falkland Islands, Battle of the (1914) 160
farmers/farming 94, 122, 123, 163–4, 167, 286, 455, 494, 525, 526, 527–8, 535–6, 538, 541, 544, 546, 548, 656, 705, 717; destruction of cattle 150; in Ireland 173, 527; and women 164, 167, 174, 176, 285, 331–2, 528, 537, 548, 550, 683
Faversham: factory explosion (1916) 235
Fawcett, Millicent 623
Federation of Women Workers 282
Fenwick, Mrs Bedford 256
Fife, Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of 433
Figaro, Le 9
Fight for Right movement 267
fish/fishing 163, 453, 525, 542, 720
Fisher, H. A. L. 742–6, 790, 791
Fisher, H. W. 742
Fisher, John (‘Jacky’) Fisher, 1st Baron, Admiral 148; recalled from retirement by Churchill 148, 181, 184; clashes with Churchill over Dardanelles campaign 188–9, 192, 193, 222, 226, 227, 229, 230, 231, 510; resigns 222–4, 225, 228; intrigues with Northcliffe 227; becomes chairman of Navy’s Board of Invention and Research 320; Churchill wants him back as First Sea Lord 321–2; and Asquith 322, 323; and Lloyd George 328; on Battle of Jutland 397; gives evidence at Dardanelles Commission 445, 446
Fisher, William Hayes see Downham, 1st Baron
Flavin, Michael 688
Foch, Marshal Ferdinand 437, 560, 561, 565, 670, 671, 678, 703, 726, 755, 771, 798
Folkestone 111, 143, 149, 606, 607, 798
food hoarding 91, 123, 531–3, 537, 539, 648–9
food prices and controls 122, 163, 164, 165, 206–7, 430, 451–2, 453–6, 528, 530, 534–7, 538–43
food rationing 317, 512, 525, 529, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 538, 539, 540–41, 524, 543, 558, 597, 649, 654, 717, 719–20, 760, 764
food shortages 122–3, 163–4, 317, 338, 456, 491, 493, 499–500, 511, 525–6, 527–31, 533–4, 537–8, 543, 593, 602, 603, 717, 719–20, 717, 751, 807; in Germany 491, 684; in Ireland 635–6
football/football clubs 152, 153, 179, 357, 425, 761
Foreign Office, British 5, 7, 11, 20, 25, 47, 50, 56, 57, 68, 77, 83, 193, 228; and Haldane 237, 238; and Edith Cavell 255
Forster, E. M. 264; A Passage to India 264
Forster, Henry 422
Forward (workers’ paper) 284
Fox, Major J. C. Ker 91–2
France: and Triple Entente 10, 11, 13, 14, 27, 54; and Austria 9; and Germany 10, 11–12, 19, 42, 58, 72, 77; and the Serbs 11, 23, 24; and Russia 10, 15–16, 26, 27, 42, 54, 74; and Britain 10, 26, 32, 38, 41, 53, 56, 58, 62–3, 66–7, 69, 74, 129; at war with Germany 83, 85, 86; cost of war 823
Franco-Prussian war (1870–71) 47, 48, 74, 82
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke 5–6, 7–8, 14, 17, 36
Franz Josef, Emperor of Austria-Hungary 5, 6–7, 17, 21, 36, 39, 215, 432, 556
French, Sir John (later The Viscount French) 64, 130; as C-in-C of BEF 70, 127, 129, 131, 132, 136, 139, 189–90; and Haig 129–30; and Kitchener 181, 186–7, 192, 194, 205, 220, 234, 239; and Churchill 184, 230; and Northcliffe 211, 220–21; sees Asquith in France 245; attacked by Mrs Asquith 249; and Battle of Loos 288, 299; his resignation and replacement by Haig 296–9, 306, 795; made a viscount 306; as C-in-C Home Forces 299, 318, 608; and execution of Easter Rising ringleaders 367; advises Lloyd George 562; criticises Robertson and Haig 563–4, 684; as
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 685, 686, 691, 695, 696, 697, 700, 705, 775; awarded money by Lloyd George 796; survives assassination attempt 816; and Sinn Féin prisoners 818
Freud, Sigmund 783
Friend, Major General Lovick 358
Frongoch internment camp, Wales 429
Fry, Roger 262
fuel shortages 339, 417, 453, 535, 602, 645–6, 650, 720, 730; in Germany 568, 733; see also petrol shortages
Furniss, Harry 751
Gahan, Revd Stirling vi, 256
Gallacher, Willie 284, 808, 809
Gallipoli campaign 183, 259, 261, 291, 301, 313–14, 444, 514
Galsworthy, John 106, 263
Gandhi, Mohandas (‘Mahatma’) 819
Garden Cities and Town Planning Association 791
Garden City Societies 620
Gardiner, Henry Balfour 652
Garnett, David (‘Bunny’) 407
Garsington Manor, Oxfordshire 78, 105, 265, 333, 374, 406–7, 804
Garvin, J. L. 305
Gatacre, Lady Beatrix 275
Gateshead 111
Geddes, Brigadier General Auckland 312–13, 336–7, 511, 546, 549–50, 551–2, 642, 643–5, 653, 705, 767, 770, 801, 802, 803
Geddes, Eric 511–13, 517, 563, 582, 653, 758, 770, 793–4, 798, 799, 801, 803
George III 97, 112, 115, 432, 531, 591
George V: on death of Franz Ferdinand 5, 6; inspects the Fleet 18; and Grey 32; and Prince Henry of Prussia 33; and Austrian declaration of war 46; briefed by Asquith 56; and Cambon 58; and Tsar Nicholas I 58, 68; prepares for war 60, 65, 73; appealed to by King of the Belgians 74; and mobilisation of the Army 85; approves proclamation of war on Germany 87; friendship with Derby 100; gives money for servicemen 102; remits sentences of suffragette prisoners 103; ‘becoming very anti-German’ 108; receives abusive letters 111; and Prince Louis of Battenberg 112, 114; and Speyer 113; and Dukes of Cumberland and Albany 116, 432, 433; and Ireland 125, 127, 358, 630, 700; warned about Sir John French by Haig 129; visits the wounded 140; opposed to Churchill’s recall of Fisher 148; continues to patronise racing 151, 152; gives King’s Speech (November, 1914) 138, 157; persuaded by Lloyd George to give up alcohol 169, 170–71; and Harry Lauder 179; wants no quarter given to Germany 214–15; critical of Churchill 226, 228; visits Clydeside 239; and Edith Cavell’s execution 258, 259; fractures pelvis 259; at charity concert 263; tours munitions factories 271; and conscription 278, 302, 304, 306–7, 329, 330; loses confidence in French 296–7, 298, 306; and Haig 296, 299; congratulates Simon for attacking Northcliffe press 315; worried about Asquith 324; speaks highly of Curzon 324; and Lloyd George’s proposed resignation 327; urges people to see The Battle of the Somme 416; does not allow Robertson to go to Russia 439; consults Haldane on dissolution of Parliament 471; regards Lloyd George as a ‘blackmailer’ 472; distressed at Asquith’s resignation 474; tries to make the ministers work together 475; and Balfour 475, 485; asks Lloyd George to form a government 476, 479; wants Carson as First Lord of the Admiralty 484; receives proceedings of the War Cabinet 486, 493; angry at Aitken’s offer of a peerage 489; and German peace overtures 491, 492; and Nivelle plan 506–7; and Lloyd George’s honours list 521, 522, 523, 524; King’s Speech (1917) 526; and food shortages 531, 538, 541; and the Tsar 587–90; and anti-monarchist feelings 590–92; changes name to Windsor 516, 591; encourages workers 594; visits scene of London bombing raid 607; inspects East End air-raid shelters 610; and reprisals 610; and juvenile crime 617; visits VD treatment centre 655; appeals to plutocrats for money 657; and Beaverbrook 659; supports Robertson 670, 671–2, 675–6; distrusts Lloyd George 676; and Trenchard 704–5; ‘hurt’ by Lloyd George’s lack of consultation 708; at ‘Remembrance Day’ service 725; dissolves Parliament 741; and Armistice 764, 755, 756, 757; opens 1815 bottle of cognac 759; asks Lloyd George to take Asquith to Versailles 765, 766; and Haig 771, 782; angry at Birkenhead’s appointment as Lord Chancellor 790; King’s Speech (1919) 809–10, 811, 814, 818; and Discharged Soldiers’ Association 815; and signing of Versailles peace treaty 824, 825