taxation 22–3
the Great Cause 23–4
the Scottish problem 23–4
Scottish campaigns 24–5
debts 25
and Gaveston 27
professionalization of the army 63
Assize of Arms 68
Edward II, King
homosexuality 25–6
coronation 26, 27
and Gaveston 26–7, 30
baronial opposition to 27
Scottish campaigns 27–8, 65–6
campaign against Lancaster 28–9
and the Despensers 28–9, 31, 32
marriage 29–30
Anglo-French relations 31–2
French territories 31–2
war with France 34–6
and Isabella’s invasion 35–6
abdication 37
death 37
burial 37
possible survival 37
Edward III, King
coat of arms 12, 52
birth 30
homage to Charles IV 32
coronation 37
marriage 37
womanizing 37
peace treaty with Scotland 39–40
claim to the throne of France 2, 12, 41–2
homage to Philip VI 42
regency council of state 42
execution of Mortimer 42–4
imposes rule 44–5
Scottish campaigns 45–6, 49–50, 66–7
alliances 47
navy 48–9
and Robert of Artois 49, 52
Flanders campaign, 1339–40 50–3, 51
proclaims self king of England and France 52
pawns crown 53
return to England, 1340 53
finances 53–4, 58–9
assembles forces, 1340 54
Battle of Sluys 54–8
failure to capture Tournai 58–9
and Breton succession crisis 77
Breton campaign 78–9
embarkation for Crécy Campaign 82–3
Crécy Campaign landing site 85
chevauchée Crécy Campaign 86, 88, 93–4
at Caen 90 at Crécy 99, 100, 103, 104, 109
siege of Calais 114, 115, 120, 123
and the surrender of Calais 123–4
return to England, 1347 125
truce, 1347 125
foundation of Order of the Garter 125–7
last combat 129
prestige 129
peace negotiations 131–3, 158–9, 162, 163
Poitiers Campaign 138
and Jean II 157, 158
French campaign 162–3
renounces claim to French throne 163, 165
and the routiers 169
Spanish campaign, 1367 170
loss of French territories 177–9
campaign, 1372 178–9
death 179–80
Edward IV, King, invasion of France 281
Eleanor, duchess of Aquitaine and countess of Poitiers 15
Eleanor of Castile 20
Elizabeth I, Queen 284
England 2
French territories 13, 163, 265
John’s loss of French territories 18–19
claim to the throne of France 41–2
regency council of state 42
control of French Atlantic coast 48
military system 61–2
the Black Death 127, 128, 167–8
economic recovery 131
loss of French territories 177–9, 275–9
continuance of war, 1386 188–9
impact of Azincourt 251
English army
feudal 61–3
mercenaries 63–4
professionalization 63–4, 121, 165, 282–3
composition 64–6, 70–2, 223–4
archers 70
men-at-arms 70–1
light cavalry 71
organization 74
uniform clothing 74–5
English Civil War 283, 284
English forces
Crécy Campaign 81–2
Crécy 100, 102
Crécy losses 110
Neville’s Cross 119
at Mauron 130–1
chevauchée, 1355 133
Poitiers Campaign 137, 140
Poitiers losses 154–5
Spanish campaign, 1367 170–1, 173
Breton campaign, 1379 183–4
Breton campaign, 1380 184–5
Azincourt Campaign 223–4, 233
Azincourt 240–1, 242
Azincourt losses 249
Normandy campaign 254–5
English identity 3, 221
English language 6–7
English military system 61–2
English navy 48–9, 54–8, 89, 99
Enrique of Trastamara 170–6, 172–4, 176, 182
Erpingham, Sir Thomas 246
Estates General, the 157
Étaples 114, 181
Eu 234
Eu, Count of 93
European Union 285
Evesham, Battle of 20, 33
Falaise 256
Falkirk, Battle of 25
Fastolf, Sir John 269, 271, 277
Fay, Godemar du 98
Fécamp 234
Felton, Sir Thomas 182
Felton, Sir William 173–4
Ferrers, Sir Robert de 94–5
feudal military system 61–3
feudal system 61–2
finances
Edward III 53–4, 58–9
Jean II 130
Henry IV 196, 205
Henry V 222–3
Flanders 266
Flanders campaign, 1339–40 50–3, 51
Folkestone 52–3
Fontenay-le-Pesne 90
food 80
force multipliers 283–4
Formigny, Battle of 276–7
France xi, 157–62
English claim to the throne dropped 1
English claim to the throne of 2, 12, 41–2
time at war with 2
national identity 3, 284
taxation 3
English territories 13–20, 32, 163, 265
extent of country 16
John’s loss of English territories 18–19
Henry III gives up claim to French territories 20
alliance with Scotland 24
English control of Atlantic coast 48
the Black Death 127–8
lawlessness after Poitiers campaign 157–62
Edward III renounces claim to throne 163, 165
English loss of territories 177–9, 275–9
continuance of war, 1386 188–9
civil war 209–11
Henry V claims restitution of English territories 221–2
impact of Azincourt 251–2
relations with Britain 284–5
free companies 160
French fleet 47, 48, 52–3, 54–8, 181–2, 205–6
French forces 69
Caen 90
Crécy 105
Crécy losses 110
at Mauron 130–1
Poitiers losses 154
Spanish campaign, 1367 170
at Najera 175
Azincourt Campaign 234, 237
Azincourt 239, 245
Azincourt losses 248–9
artillery 275
professionalization 275, 283
French Republic, the 1
French Revolutionary Wars 285
Froissart, Jean 5, 86, 94, 98
galleys 53, 55
Garde de la Mer 75–6
Gascoigne, Sir William 217
Gascony 52
Gaulle, Charles de 2
Gaveston, Piers 26–7, 30, 32–3
Genoa 55
Genoese crossbowmen 98, 105, 106–8, 114
Geoffrey of Anjou 14
Geoffrey of Maldon 90
George III. King 1, 12
Gesta Henrici Quinti 224, 233, 237, 239
Ghent 52
; Glorious Revolution of 1688 284
Gloucester, Humphrey, duke of 189, 190, 223, 247, 252, 264, 266
Glyn Dŵr, Owain 197–8, 199–200, 201, 206, 211–12
Godric, Saint 6
gold prices 8–9
Golfe de Lion, the 133
Goucourt, sire de 227, 228, 230
Granada 170
Grandvilliers 96
Great Army of the Sea, the 54–8
Great Britain x
English claim to the throne of France 1, 2, 12
time at war with France 2
relations with France 284–5
Great Seal of England 54, 82
Great Western Schism, the 180
Great Yarmouth 48
Gregory XI, Pope 180
Gregory XII, Pope 207–8
Grey, Sir Reynold 197–8
guerrilla warfare 177–9
Guienne 179
Guînes, Treaty of 131–3
Guy of Boulogne, Cardinal 132
Hainault, count of 33
halberds 71
Hales, Sir Robert 187
Halidon Hill, Battle of 46, 66–7, 103
Harcla, Sir Andrew 66
Harcourt, count of 94
Harcourt, Sir Godfrey 94, 96
Harfleur
French attempts to regains 252, 254
French recapture 273
Harfleur, siege of
advance to 225–6
defences 226–7
garrison 227
cannon 227–8
blockade 228
flooding 229
mining operations 229
surrender 230, 232
Harold Godwinson 13
Harwich 52–3
Hastings, Battle of 13
Hawkwood, Sir John 8, 164, 169
heavy cavalry 64–5
Henry, Prince (son of Henry II) 16
Henry I, King 14
Henry II, King 14–16, 63
Henry III, King 19–20
Henry IV, Bolingbroke, King 194
and the Peasants’ Revolt 186, 187
exile 190
seizes crown 191–3
background 195
reign 195
finances 196, 205
French reaction to 196, 197
Welsh rebellion 197–8, 205, 211–12
and the Percys 198–200
Battle of Shrewsbury 199–205
use of decoys 202
rebellion, 1405 206–9
health 208, 210
makes heresy a secular crime 216
death 211
Henry V, King 220
birth 196
leadership 3–4
military ability 8, 212–13
at Shrewsbury 155, 200, 202–4
arrow wound at Shrewsbury 155, 203–4
and Henry IV’s health 208
and the Lollards 216, 217–18
appearance 217
coronation 217
religious piety 217, 233
status 221
claims restitution of French territories 221–2
finances 222–3
Azincourt Campaign preparations 222–5
and the Southampton Plot 225
at Harfleur 226, 228–9, 230, 232
cannon 227–8
Azincourt Campaign 4, 232–3, 237–8
at Azincourt 240–1, 246
Azincourt address 242–3
orders killing of prisoners 248, 249
arrival at Calais 249
return to England, 1415 249, 251
negotiations with Sigismund 252
Normandy campaign 254–9
siege of Rouen 256–8
administration of Normandy 258–9
alliance with Jean the Fearless 259
recognized as heir to the French throne 259–60
and the Treaty of Troyes 259–60
marriage 260
entry into Paris 261
campaign, 1421 262
death 264, 285
Henry VI, King 264, 273, 274, 285
Henry VII, Tudor, King 281
Henry VIII, King, French campaigns 281–2
Henry of Lancaster 130, 132
heresy 213, 215–19
Hesdin 114
Holland, Sir Thomas 93, 126, 167
Homildon Hill, Battle of 198–9
honours system 62–3
horse armour 64, 149
horses 64–5
transport 81
Crécy Campaign 82
at Crécy 104, 108–9
health hazards 121
at Poitiers 149
at Azincourt 247
household retinues 71–2
Hungary 126
Hungerford, Sir Walter 241
Huntingdon, earl of 92–3, 254–5
Iberian peninsula 170
income 9
indentured retinues 72, 222–3
infantry
rise of 65–6
wages 75
Inherent Military Probability, Theory of 7
Innocent VI, Pope 131
Inquisition, the 213
Ireland 191
Isabeau, Queen 259–60
Isabella, Queen 197
marriage 29–30
and Gaveston 30
character 30–1
and the Despensers 31, 32, 34
and Anglo-French relations 31–2
and Mortimer 34–6
invasion of England 35–6
peace treaty with Scotland 39–40
decline in popularity 40
claim to the throne of France 41–2
capture 42–4
imprisonment 44
Isabella of Angoulême 18
Isabella of Gloucester 18
Isle of Wight 52–3, 181, 206
Jacqueline, countess of Hainault 266
Jacquerie, the 160–2
James I, King of Scotland 212, 260
Jean II, the Good, King of France
accession to throne 129
character 129
finances 130
peace negotiations 131–3, 158–9, 162, 163
leadership failure 138, 140
advance to Poitiers 144
negotiations at Poitiers 145–6
at Poitiers 148–9, 151–2, 153
capture 153, 154
freedom negotiations 157–8
ransom 163
death 168
Jean III, Duke of Brittany 77
Jean of Tourraine, Dauphin 252
Jean of Valois 132
Jean the Fearless, duke of Burgundy 255, 259
Jeanne d’Arc
background 267
voices 267, 268
interview with the Dauphin 267–8
letter to English 269–70
arrival at Orléans 270
shoulder wound 270
status 270–1
and Charles VII 271–2
capture 272
trial 267, 272
execution 272
last prophecy 272
Jeanne of Burgundy 31
Jeanne of Flanders 78
Jervis, Admiral John, Earl St Vincent 283
Jews, persecution of 128
Joan, countess of Kent 126–7, 167
Joan, Princess 40
John, count of Luxembourg, king of Bohemia 109, 112, 113, 142
John, King 16, 18–19
John of Gaunt
at Les Espagnols sur Mer 129
military ability 8
Spanish campaign 3, 171
Normandy expedition, 1370 177
as ruler of Aquitaine 178
chevauchée, 1373 179
unpopularity 181
and the Peasants’ Revolt 186
Lords Appellant trial 190
support for Richard II 191
and Wyclif 216
death 191
John of Lancaster 206–7
John XXII, Pope 35, 47
Katherine of
Valois 260, 261
Keepers of the Maritime Lands 75–6
Kent, Edmund earl 43, 44
knighthood banneret 62–3
knights 61–2, 72
equipment 62
status 62–3
wages 75
Knollys, Sir Robert 169, 170, 173, 177
Kyriell, Sir Thomas 275–7
La Haye 144
La Roche-Derrien 121, 122–3
La Roche-Guyon 94–5
La Rochelle 178
labourers, wages 9
Lancaster, Earl of 28–9, 123
Lancaster, Henry of 132, 138, 141, 156
Lanercost priory 118–20
Languedoc 133–4
last battle 278–9
Le Crotoy 93–4
Le Tréport 53
legacy 281–6
Lent 269
Leon 170
Leopold of Austria, Duke 17
Les Espagnols sur Mer, battle of 129
Lesneven 121
Liddel Strength 118
light cavalry 71
Limoges, massacre 177–8
Lincoln, Battle of 19
Llewellyn of Breconshire, Sir David ap 240
logistics 117–18, 137
Loire, River 143
Lollards, the 215–19
longbow, the 67–9, 69–70, 84
looting 3, 92, 96, 138
Lords Appellant, the 189–90
Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor 47, 50
Louis VII, King of France 15
Louis VIII, King of France 19
Louis X, King of France 30
Louis XI, King of France 281
Louviers 94
siege of 256
Lussac-les-Châteaux 177
Lydgate, John 7
Lyons 170
Magna Carta 19, 20
Maine 265, 274–5
Maisoncelle 239
malaria 121
mangonels 116–17
Manny, Sir Walter 49–50, 53, 78, 123–4, 162
Marcel, Étienne 160, 161–2
Marck, French raid on 205–6
Margaret of Anjou 274
Margarite of Burgundy 30–1
Marie, viscountess of Limoges 77
Maritime Lands, the 76
Matilda, the Empress 14
Mauron, Battle of 130–1
Meaux 262
medical treatment 154–5, 203–4
medieval prices 8–9
Melun 260
men-at-arms 70–1, 102
mercenaries 63–4
Merciless Parliament, the 189
Middle English 6–7
military ability 7–8
military advances 282–3
military service
incentives 73–4
obligations 61–2, 72
system of 22–3
Milly 96
mines and mining 116, 229
Montagu, Edward 73
Montagu, William 126
Montereau 259, 260
Montevilliers 233–4
Montfort, John de 77–9, 156, 166–7
Montfort, Simon de 20
Montgomery, Sir John de 117
Morlaix, Battle of 78–9
Morley, Robert 54–5
Mortimer, Sir Edmund 206
Mortimer, Edmund, earl of March 192, 199, 217, 225, 232
Mortimer, Ian 239
The Perfect King: The life of Edward III 37
A Great and Glorious Adventure Page 34