by F S Naiden
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Wrightson, G. 2010. “The Nature of Command in the Macedonian Sarissa Phalanx,” AHB 24: 71–92.
Yorck von Wartenburg, M. 1897. Kurze Übersicht der Feldzüge Alexanders des Grossen. Berlin.
Young, R. 1963. “Gordion of the Royal Road,” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 107: 348–64.
Index
Abdera, 38, 43
Abisaras, 183
Achaemenids, 34–35, 189
Achilles, 15, 18, 19, 42–43, 47, 50, 53, 60, 62, 172, 203, 221, 234–35
Ada, 56, 60, 95
Adrastus, 47, 50
Aegae, 11, 24–26, 28, 221, 251–52, 256
Agenor, 83
Agis, 124
Ahura Mazda, 35, 49, 70, 129, 153, 161, 163, 166
Alexander III, 1–3, 18–20; at Chaeronea, 22; succession to the throne, 25–26; as Alexandron, 30; and Darius, 35; invasion plans, 37–39; at Troy, 42–43; at the Granicus, 50–53; at Celaenae, 58–59; at Gordium, 59–60; as Sikander, 63–64; at Issus, 70–75; with Persian captives, 75–77; in Jerusalem, 88–90; as pharaoh, 96–98; perhaps in Thebes, 100–103; at Siwah, 104–106; during eclipse, 116–17; at Arbela, 119–20, 123; at Babylon, 125–32; at Susa, 132–35; at Pasargadae, 143–44; and the deaths of Philotas and Parmenio, 154–56; as Sikander, 160–61; and death of Clitus, 170–73; proskynesis, 175–76; Indian religion, 190–91; at the Jhelum, 192–94; at the siege of the Malavas, 202–204; at Susa, 224–26; at Babylon, 234–47; burial, 259–62
Alexander IV, 257
Alexander Romance, 5
Alexandria in the “Caucasus,” 158
Alexandria Eschate, 166
Alexandria, Egyptian, 109–12
Alexandria, Mesopotamian, 237
Alexandria, Trojan, 54
Ambashthas, 204
Amon (or Amon-Re), 9, 94–96, 97–98, 103–107, 109, 115, 116–17, 133, 240
Amu Darya (or Vaxshu), 163, 164, 169
Amyntas, 70, 72, 94
Anahita, 35, 61, 70, 129, 144, 146, 153, 163, 166, 168–69, 175, 189, 228, 239, 247. See also “Sarasvati.”
Anat, 71
Anaxippus, 151
Anchialus, 67
Ancyra, 57, 61
Andromache, 172
Andromachus, 85–87
Anshan, 35–36
Antigone, 76–77, 124
Antigonus, 60, 75, 84–85, 96, 115, 124, 156, 197, 201, 223, 254, 256–59
Antipater, 3, 19, 20, 25, 37, 40, 84, 96, 115, 124, 131, 134, 145, 148, 154, 156–57, 170, 197, 199, 227–28, 231, 234, 237–9, 251, 252, 256–57
Apadana at Pesepolis, 144
Apadana at Susa, 132, 133
Apelles, 56, 237
Apollo, 146
Arabia, Gulf of, 187, 196, 201, 205
Arabs, 91, 93, 107, 113, 236, 238–40, 246
Arachosia, 211, 215
Arbela, 117, 122, 123, 124, 134, 137, 151, 153, 156, 178, 179, 181, 193, 222, 256
Arcadia, 124
Areia, 223
Argonauts, 8, 40, 61, 104, 110, 198, 214, 227, 231
Aristander, 38, 57, 81–82, 91, 113, 117, 118, 119, 121, 142, 154, 167, 169–70, 172, 207
Aristobulus, 4, 169, 178, 189, 215, 222, 243
Aristogeiton, 132
Aristotle, 19, 129, 181
Ariyabranza, 142
Armenian Alexander Romance, 44–45, 111–12
Armenians, 63, 117
Arrhidaeus, 25, 85, 96, 252, 253–55, 257
Arrian, 4
Arshita, 49, 52
Artabazus, 77, 150, 225
Artemis, 55, 240
Artillery, 18, 81–82
Arwadians, 78–79, 80
Asclepius, 32, 67, 234–36
Ashur, 67
Asia Minor (or Anatolia), 7, 8, 24, 33, 35, 36, Ch. 3 passim, 75, 77, 84–85, 115, 116, 117, 137, 147, 154, 177, 214–15, 223, 232, 254, 256–58
Assurbanipal, 119
Assyrians, 60, 116, 117, 180
Athena, 11, 42–43, 50, 71, 76, 84, 86, 117, 119, 123
Athenians, 14, 19–20, 23, 38, 53, 55–56, 84, 113, 125, 132, 199, 226, 227–28, 237, 259
Athos, 237
Atlas, 7
Attalitta, 132, 134
Attalus, 24, 35
Atum, 94
Baal Haman, see Zeus 97
Babylonians, 2, 4, 5, 8–10, 23, 33–36, 43, 56, 69–70, 75, 83, 85, 86, 110, Ch. 6 passim; minor shrines, 129; 143, 144, 146, 153, 169, 179, 180, 182, 185, 187, 190–91, 195, 221–22 226, Ch. 11 passim, 252, 254, 256
Babylon, island in the Nile, 97
Bactra (or Balkh), 165, 168–69, 233
Bactrians, 52, 120, Ch. 8 passim
Bagoas, 153, 218, 223
Bahariyah, 104, 105, 106–107
Balacrus, 109
Bardylis, 14, 52
Barsine, 60, 77, 175, 217, 225, 253–54, 256, 258
Beas, 197, 202, 231
Bengal, Bay of, 187
Bessus, 117, 120, 122, 139, 145–46, 148–49, 152–53; as Artaxshasa, 151–53, 158–59, 163, 165–66, 169, 173
Betis, 94
Bolan, 158, 179, 211, 217
Bolon, 155
Bottiaea, 11
Brahmins, 179, 190–91, 202, 203, 205, 222
Briant, Pierre, 5
Bucephalas, 52, 56, 73, 201
Buddhists, 2, 179, 189–90, 200
Byzantine Alexander Romance, 185
Caesar, Julius, 239
Calanus, 191, 205, 222, 223
Callines, 233
Callisthenes, 4, 47, 50, 57, 67, 108, 119, 150, 172, 176–78, 248
Cambyses, 36, 96, 104, 125
Campaspe, 239
Cappadocians, 61, 62, 69
Carcemish, 115
Carians, 24, 56, 97
Carmania, 217, 221
Carthaginians, 80, 82, 198, 236
Caspian Gates, 148
Caspian Sea, 8, 34, 117, 150–51, 215
Cassander, 239, 251, 257–58
Caucasus, 7, 56, 120, 139, 148, 157–59, 179, 180, 223, 224
Celaenae, 41, 58–59
Chaeronea, 20–23, 31
Chares, 4, 131, 172
Chemosh, 87
Chenab, 196, 201
Chonsu, 103
Christians, 6, 112
Cilicia, 62, 68, 85
Cilician Gates, 41, 57, 59, 60, 61–62, 69, 217
Cleomenes, 109–10, 156, 226
Clitus, 52, 72, 73, 120, 157, 170–74, 176, 177, 198, 203, 204, 247
Coenus, 39, 73–74, 82, 120, 121, 155, 156, 170–71, 174, 176, 177, 198–99, 201
Companions, 1–2, 14–17, 85, 96, 97, 239, 243
Companion cavalry, 39, 51–53, 72–74, 120, 157, 167, 177, 198, 217, 236, 252, 256
Copais, 33
Craterus, 108, 120, 123, 150, 151–52, 154–55, 166, 169, 176, 179, 181, 182, 192–91, 198, 201, 203, 211, 214, 216–17, 221, 225, 232, 234, 237, 239, 251, 252, 254, 256
Crete, 7, 16, 39
Curtius Rufus, 4–5
Cyreneians, 104, 105
Cyrus (or Kurash), 35–36, 59, 61, 80, 86, 115, 119, 125–26, 130, 132, 133, 139, 141, 143–45, 153, 157, 159, 163, 168, 180, 214, 216, 221–23, 231, 235, 238, 239, 240, 258, 262
Cyzicus, 41
Daisios, 40, 49, 50
Damascus, 60, 67, 75, 84, 86, 132, 257
Danube, 31, 189
Darius I, 94, 96, 125, 132–33
Darius II, 104
Darius III (or Artashata, or Codomannus), 34–35, 37; as Dara, 63–65, 67, 69–75; first letter to Alexander, 77–78; second letter to Alexander, 83–84, 103, 105; third letter to Alexander, 113, 115; 117–18, 119–22, 131, 145–46, 148–49; as Dara, 159–61, 179
Dascylium, 41, 49, 50, 52, 53, 76
Delphi, 22–23
Demanhur, 110
Diades, 82–83
Dionysus, 11–12, 19, 31, 159, 162, 17
2, 180–82, 198, 205, 209, 218, 224, 232, 233, 234, 247, 260
Dium, 1, 19, 38
Dodona, 11, 20, 100, 103–104
Dog River Pass, 68
Drangiana, 223
Eana, 9
Ecbatana, 122, 139, 145–48, 149, 150, 151, 156, 157, 159, 165, 173, 197, 216, 223, 226, 234–35, 252
Egasankalamma, 122
Egyptians, 2, 7–9, 28–30, 33, 44–45, 65, 75, 83–84, 87, Ch. 4 passim, 113, 115, 116–19, 123, 126–28, 130–31, 132, 134, 137, 143, 144–45, 149, 151, 179, 190, 194, 196, 207, 223, 231, 232, 234, 238, 241–42, 244, 245, Ch. 12 passim
El, 71
Elamites, 8, 35, 86, 120, 132, 133–34, 141, 163, 225
Elimaea, 11
Emathia, 11
Eordaea, 11
Ephesians, 24, 41, 55–56, 62, 123, 146, 237
Ephippus, 4
Epirus, 8, 113, 115
Erigyius, 150, 157–58, 178
Esangil, 127–28, 240–42, 244
Euergetae, 153
Eumenes, 37, 131, 174, 214, 225, 245, 247, 253, 254
Euphrates, 8, 68, 70, 75, 77, 113, 115–16, 126, 130, 139, 160, 221, 237, 238, 243, 251
Euripides, 23, 159, 172
Firdausi, 63, 65, 90, 159
Fuller, J. F. C., 3
Ganges, 187, 190, 191, 195, 197–98
Gaza, 83, 92, 94, 101, 115, 117, 166
Gedrosians, 153, 214
Genesis, 137
Gerizim, 85, 87
Gordium, 57, 59–60, 62, 73
Granicus, 47, 49–50, 71, 84, 101, 124
Greeks, 7–10, 20, 23, 31, 33, 39, 53–56, 59, 60, 73–75, 87, 97, 115, 134, 135, 137, 145, 146–48, 149, 150, 168, 170, 172, 175–77, 180–81, 190–91, 196, 199, 205, 207, 220, 226, 232–33, 234, 236, 239, 246, 251, 256, 257–60
Green, Peter, 2
Halicarnassus, 56, 80
Haman, 67; as Baal Haman, 71, 84, 85, 97
Hamartelia, 203–205
Hammurabi, 133
Haremhab, 98
Harmodius, 132
Harpalus, 113, 131–32, 153, 156, 201, 226–28, 231, 234, 234, 236
Hebrew Alexander Romance, 88–90
Hebrew Book of Alexander of Macedon, 28, 30
Hector, son of Parmenio, 107, 130
Hegelochus, 123–24
Heliopolis (or City of the Sun), 93–95, 145
Hellespont, 1, 33, 37, 41, 189
Helmand, 152, 154, 157–58
Hephaestion, 4, 54, 79, 83, 91, 93, 121, 157, 181, 197, 198, 199, 201, 211, 225, 231–32, 234–35, 237, 242, 245, 252, 254, 255
Hephaestus, 97
Hera, 95
Heracles, 2, 11, 19, 33, 42, 71, 76; as Melkart, 80, 83–84; 103, 107, 119, 163, 181, 183, 190, 191, 198, 201; as Vasuveda, 218, 225, 233, 240
Heracles, son of Barsine, 77, 175, 225, 253, 258
Herat, 151, 152
Hermes, 81, 86
Hermolaus, 177–78
Herodotus, 33, 36, 94, 180, 214
Hezekiah, 86
Himalayas, 7, 137, 183, 187, 190, 196
Hindu Kush, 7, 150, 151, 152, 153, 159, 163, 166, 167, 187
Hindus, see “Brahmins.”
Hippocrates, 32
Horhetep, 107
Horus, 95–96, 98, 103
Huxshathra, 72, 76, 153, 165
Huxshiartas, 173–75
Ilioneus, 77
Illyrians, 18, 52
Immortals, Persian, 72, 120
Indians, 2, 117, 120, 135, 139, 153, 158, 159, 181–83, Ch. 9 passim
Indus, 1, 33, 179–80, 181–82, 187, 189–90, 196–97, 201, 203, 205, 211, 214, 216, 217, 219, 223, 231
Inshushinak, 133–34, 225
Iollas, 239, 245
Ishtar, 117, 119, 122, 133
Issus, 69–72, 84, 93, 101, 107, 109, 113, 115, 117, 120, 121, 139, 153, 178, 256
Jains, 2, 179, 190–91
Jamusipar and Mahiyar, 160
Jason, 8, 40, 47, 104, 110, 198, 214, 221, 231
Jerusalem, 68, 82, 85, 86, 88–90, 162
Jesus, 1
Jews (or Hebrews), 6, 8, 28, 36, 112, 129, 162
Jhelum, 190, 192, 200, 201, 256
Ka, 95, 98, 101, 123
Kabul River or Valley, 158, 182
Kandahar, 158, 211–12, 214, 217
Karnak, 100
Kasios, 93
Kharga, 104
Khyber, 179, 181, 201, 223
Krishna, 183, 203
Ksudrakas, 203
Kurkath, 166, 180
Ladder (in Asia Minor), 57, 62
Lampsacus, 47
Lane Fox, Robin, 2
Las Bela, 215
Lebanon, 81
Leloutek, 106
Leonnatus, 76, 96, 171, 182, 198, 202, 215, 219, 225, 253, 254
Libya, 104
Lindians, 123
Little Una, 183
Luxor, 100–101
Lyncestis, 11; Prince of, 154, 157
Macedonians, 2, 9, 11–14, 18, 23, 34–35, 38, 39, 41–43, 50–1, 54, 61; as Rumis, 63, 69, 96–97, 100, 105, 107, 108, 110, 112, 115–17, 119, 128–30, 134, 141, 143–44, 146, 148, 153, 156; as Rumis, 160; 166, 168, 170, 176–77, 178–79, 180, 191, 194, 196, 201, 202–204, 211, 220, 215–18, 219–20, 224–25, 226, 231–33, 236–38, 239, 247, 256, 257, 260. See also engagements such as “Chaeronea.”
Magadha, 195, 197, 200
Magi, 118, 233
Mahabharata, 202
Makran, 211, 215, 223–25
Malavas, 202–204
Mallus, 68
Manishtushu, 133
Maracanda (or Samarkand), 165, 167, 170
Marduk, 9, 33, 35, 42, 44–45, 68–69, 70, 84, 115, 118, 122, 126–28, 133, 162, 232, 236, 238, 240–43, 244
Mazdai, 68, 69–70, 85, 115, 117, 120–22, 125–26, 131, 134, 154, 189, 194, 231, 236; his son, 236, 241
Meda, 175
Medea, 110
Medes, 117, 120
Medius, 239–40, 245–46, 247, 251
Meleager, 253–55
Melkart, 80, 83, 85, 113, 162, 181
Memnon (of Rhodes), 41, 47, 49, 53–55, 56, 59–60, 70, 145
Memnon (of Susa), 47, 132
Memphis, 94, 97–98, 100, 145
Menon, 217
Meru, 181–82, 191
Mesopotamians, 5, 7–8, 33, 34, 36, 45, 65, Ch. 6 passim, 163, 174, 181, 206, 207, 220, Ch. 11 passim, 258
Midas, 59–60, 67, 181
Miletus, 55
Mishnah, 137
Mithra, 120, 153, 166
Mithrobouzanes, 52
Moabites, 87
Mout, 107
Muhammad, 1, 262–63
Mushika, 204
Muslims, 6, 261
Mytilene, 59, 60
Nabonidus, 238, 240
Nabȗ, 44, 128, 241–42
Nakhtnebef 94, 102, 106. See also “Nectanebo.”
Nautaca, 170
Nearchus, 3, 176, 205–207, 211, 214–15, 218–21, 225, 226, 231, 238–39, 245, 252, 253–55
Nebuchadnezzar, 68–69, 79–80, 86, 116, 118, 125, 127, 128, 226, 231, 236, 246
Nectanebo (or Bildad), 28–30, 44
Nemesis, 47, 50
Nergal, 71, 84
Nicanor, 39, 148, 149, 151
Nile, 8, Ch. 5 passim, 143, 187, 190, 196, 257
Nineveh, 116, 130
Nizami, 228
Nysaeans, 182–84, 190, 260
Olympia, 23
Olympias as Polyxena, 18; 24–26, 40, 44; as Nahid, 63; 76, 95, 103, 107, 131, 225, 227, 251–53, 256–58
Olympus, 10, 11, 28
Onesicritus, 3, 144
Opis, 231–34, 255
Oracles, 9–10, 20, 23, 25, 38, 44, 59, 81, 103–107, 111–12, 173, 177, 206–207, 237, 243, 245
Orestis, 11
Panic (a god), 119
Parium, 47
Parmenio, 24, 25, 35, 37, 38–39, 40–41, 47, 50, 51, 54, 61, 62, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72–74, 75–76, 77, 83, 84–85, 96, 107, 111,
113, 114–15, 118–19, 120–22, 134, 141–42, 148, 150, 151, 154–57, 159, 171–72, 176, 177, 178, 198, 201, 203, 211, 214, 216, 217, 221, 222, 223, 245, 248
Parthians, 120, 158
Pasargadae, 139, 143–45, 146, 149, 159, 168, 169, 214, 216, 222, 233, 234
Pasatigris, 221
Patala, 205
Pausanias, 24, 33
Pegasus, 241
Pella, 25–26
Pelusium, 93–94
Perdiccas, 31, 52, 81, 87, 88, 113, 121, 171, 181, 197, 198, 202, 225, 232, 235, 252–57
Perge, 58
Persepolis, 139, 141, 142–44, 145, 149, 151, 159, 169, 195, 214, 216, 233
Persians (or Iranians) 2, 8, 14, 33–35, 49–50, 56, 60, 69–75, 86, 97, 117–19, 129, Chs. 7, 8 passim, 217, 222, 224–25, 233–35, 237. See also engagements such as “Granicus.”
Persian Gates, 137, 141
Persian Gulf, 8, 130, 214, 220–21, 231, 238
Peucestas, 109
Pharnuces, 167, 169
Phaselis, 57, 58, 137
Philip II, 1, 11, 14–18, 20–28, 29, 39, 55, 60; as Failakus, 63; 68, 96, 132, 148, 159, 171–72, 175, 203, 214, 222, 224, 226, 232, 239–40, 242, 245, 253, 258, 259, 260
Philip the physician, 62, 67, 78–83
Philotas, 39, 52, 68, 72, 76–77, 107, 108, 123, 148, 151, 154–57
Philoxenus, 150
Phoenicians (or Lebanese), 33, 54, 68, 80, 83, 91, 94, 122, 134, 147, 148, 149, 165, 168, 174, 175, 176, 198, 214–16, 220–21, 237, 238, 245
Phrygia, 60, 67
Pinarus, 69–74, 84
Pindar, 33
Pir Sar (or Avarna), 183–84
Pixodarus, 24, 56
Plato, 100
Plutarch, 4, 199
Polydamas, 156
Polyidus, 80
Polyperchon, 119, 156, 176, 179, 232, 234, 252, 256, 258
Poseidon, 42, 168, 207, 228, 237
Priapus, 47
Promachos, 226
Prometheus, 159
Proskynesis, 175–77
Proteas, 247
Protesilaus, 42
Proteus, 111
Psalms, 137
Ptah, 97, 98, 100
Ptolemy, the future pharaoh, or Ptolemy I, 3–4, 163, 165, 171–72, 176, 178, 182–83, 198–99, 211, 225, 226, 239, 252, 253–54, 257–60
Ptolemy II, 258–60
Ptolemy III, 260
Ptolemy, a regimental commander, 73–74
Pura, 216
Puru (or Porus or Paurava), 192–95, 197, 201, 214, 223, 224
Pythonice, 226
Qattara, 105
Rann of Kutch, 187
Rassam, 229
Re, 94
Renault, Mary, 3
Rhagae, 148
Rhodes, 41, 77, 123, 228
Roshung, see “Roxana.”
Roxana (or Rauxshna), 174–75, 217, 223, 224, 247, 254–58
Sabictas, 60
Sacrifice (or offerings, but excluding funerals), 9–10, 22, 40, 50, 53–54, 55, 83, 92, 94, 97–98, 101, 107, 113, 117, 119, 123, 134, 151, 159, 189, 199–200, 206–207, 218, 219, 220, 221, 225, 233, 258–60, 261