The Hollow Crown: The Wars of the Roses and the Rise of the Tudors
Page 45
and Henry VII 1
and Queen Margaret 1, 2, 3
and Richard III 1, 2, 3, 4
north–south divide 1, 2, 3, 4
Northumberland 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Northumberland, Henry Percy 2nd earl of 1, 2, 3
Northumberland, Henry Percy 3rd earl of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
at Towton 1, 2
Northumberland, Henry Percy 4th earl of 1, 2
Northumberland, John Neville (Lord Montagu), earl of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
oaths 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
coronation 1
loyal 1, 2, 3, 4
mutual 1, 2
Oldhall, Sir William 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Order of the Garter 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
knightings 1, 2, 3, 4
Orléans 1
Orléans, Charles de Valois, duke of 1, 2
Ormond see Wiltshire, earl of Owain ap Maredudd ap Tudur see Tudor, Owen
Owain Glyndwr 1
Oxford, John de Vere 12th earl of 1
Oxford, John de Vere 13th earl of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
with Henry Tudor 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
oyer and terminer 1, 2
pageantry 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Easter plays 1
with roses 1
Paris 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
liberated 1
royal residence 1, 2, 3
parliament 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
and Clarence 1
Parliament of Devils 1, 2
and protectorate 1, 2, 3
and Richard III 1, 2
and royal finances 1, 2, 3
and royal marriages 1, 2
and the succession 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
and Suffolk 1, 2
under Henry VI’s minority 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Paston family 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Patay, battle of (1429) 1
peacekeeping 1
Pedro, prince of Portugal 1, 2
Pembroke 1
Pembroke, earl of see Herbert; Tudor, Jasper
penal laws 1
penance 1, 2, 3
Percy family 1, 2, 3, 4
Percy–Neville feud 1, 2, 3
Percy, Sir Ralph 1, 2
petercorn (tax) 1
Philip III the Good, duke of Burgundy (r. 1419–67) 1, 2, 3
Philip IV the Fair, duke of Burgundy (r. 1482–1506) 1, 2
Picquiny (treaty 1475) 1
piracy 1
official 1, 2, 3
Plantagenet family 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 n.12
see also March; Rutland; York
Plantagenet, George (son of York, b. 1450) 1, 2
Plantagenet, Richard (son of York, b. 1452) 1, 2
Plumpton, Sir William 1
poisoning alleged 1, 2, 3
de la Pole family 1, 2, 3
Pole, Alice de la, duchess of Suffolk 1, 2, 3
Pole, Sir John de la 1
see also Lincoln, earl of; Suffolk, 2nd duke of
Pole, Katherine de la 1
Pole, Margaret de la, née Plantagenet (b. 1473) 1, 2, 3
Pole, Reginald, cardinal–bishop 1
Pole, Richard de la, pretender earl of Suffolk (d. 1525) 1, 2, 3, 4
Pole, William de la 1, 2
pole-axes (bills) 1
Pope Martin V 1, 2, 3, 4
Pope Pius II 1, 2
popular grievances 1, 2, 3
predictions 1
of death 1, 2, 3, 4
Princes in the Tower 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
see also Edward V; York, Richard duke of (b. 1473)
prison 1, 2
Marshalsea 1
Newgate 1, 2
see also Tower of London
propaganda 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
in France 1, 2, 3, 4
protectorate 1, 2, 3, 4
Humphrey Gloucester as protector 1, 2, 3
Richard Gloucester as protector 1, 2
York as protector 1, 2
Pucelle see Joan of Arc
purveyance 1
queens 1, 2, 3
dowager 1, 2, 3
in government 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
remarriage 1
Queen’s College, Cambridge 1
ransom 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ravenspur 1
rebellion 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Cornwall 1, 2
north of England 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
south of England 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
regency 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Reims 1, 2, 3, 4
religion 1
René duke of Anjou 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
rhymes 1, 2
Richard II, king of England (r. 1377–99) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Richard III, king of England (r. 1483–85) 1, 2, 3
before he was king see Gloucester, Richard duke of
government 1
and Henry Tudor 1, 2, 3, 4
loses at Bosworth 1
Richard IV of England 1, 2, 3, 4
Richard of York see York (dukes)
Richmond, earldom 1
see also Tudor, Edmund
Rivers, Richard Woodville, 1st Earl 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
as constable 1, 2
Rivers, Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
as Anthony Woodville 1, 2, 3, 4
and Edward V 1, 2
as Lord Scales 1, 2, 3, 4
Robin (Mend-all) of Redesdale 1
romance in marriage 1
Roos, Thomas, Lord 1, 2
roses 1, 2, 3, 4
garden scene in Shakespeare 1
La Rose Blanche 1, 2, 3
Rose of Rouen 1
Tudor 1, 2, 3, 4
the White Rose 1, 2
Rotherham, Thomas, bishop (later archbishop) 1, 2
royal claimants see claimants; see also genealogical charts; succession
royal council 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
government 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
and the protectorate 1, 2
see also government; household
royal finances 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
see also taxes
royal household see household
royal palaces see Eltham; Westminster; Windsor
rumours 1, 2, 3
deliberate 1, 2, 3
of plots 1
and Richard of York 1, 2
Rutland, Edmund Plantagenet earl of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
St Albans, battle of (1455) 1, 2, 3
St Albans, battle of (1461) 1
Salic law 1
Salisbury, Richard Neville earl of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
as rebel 1, 2, 3
Salisbury, Thomas Montacute earl of 1, 2
sanctuary 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
birth in 1
breached 1, 2, 3
women in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Sandal Castle 1
Savage, Sir John 1, 2
Saye, Lord 1, 2, 3
Scales, Anthony, Lord see Rivers, 2nd Lord
Scales, Edward, Lord see Woodville, Sir Edward
Schwartz, Martin 1, 2
Scotland 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
border 1, 2, 3, 4
Henry VI in 1, 2
Queen Margaret in 1, 2
as refuge 1, 2, 3, 4
war 1, 2
seals 1
secret code 1
sell-swords see mercenaries
Shakespeare, Henry VI Part I 1
ships 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
naval 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Shore, Elizabeth 1, 2
Shrewsbury 1
Shrewsbury, John Talbot 1st earl of 1, 2
Shrewsbury, John Talbot 2nd earl of 1
Shrewsbury, John Talbot 3rd earl of 1, 2, 3
sieges 1, 2, 3, 4
Simnel, Lambert 1
soldiers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
convicts 1, 2
defecting 1, 2
deserting 1
disbanded 1, 2
insubordinate 1, 2, 3
Irish 1, 2
levies 1, 2, 3, 4
Scottish 1
unpaid 1, 2, 3
Welsh 1, 2
see also archers; cavalry; men-at-arms; mercenaries
Somerset, John Beaufort (d. 1444) duke of 1, 2, 3
Somerset, Edmund Beaufort (d. 1455) 1st duke of 1, 2, 3
as Edmund count of Mortain 1, 2
head of government 1, 2, 3, 4
his son Henry 1, 2
imprisoned 1, 2
and Richard of York 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Somerset, Henry Beaufort (d. 1464) 2nd duke of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
at Towton 1, 2, 3
and Queen Margaret 1, 2, 3, 4
Somerset, Edmund Beaufort (d. 1471) 3rd duke of 1, 2, 3, 4
Somerset, John 1
songs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
rhymes 1, 2
sorcery 1, 2, 3
necromancy 1, 2
spies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Stafford family 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
see also Buckingham (dukes)
Stafford, Sir Henry 1
Stafford, Humphrey (1) see Buckingham, 1st duke
Stafford, Sir Humphrey (2) 1
Stafford, Humphrey (3) earl of Devon 1, 2
stakes on battlefield 1, 2, 3
Stanley family 1, 2, 3
Stanley, Thomas, 2nd Lord 1, 2, 3, 4
as earl of Derby 1, 2, 3
feud with Gloucester 1
and Henry Tudor 1, 2, 3
and Margaret Beaufort 1, 2, 3
Stanley, Sir William 1, 2, 3, 4
Star Chamber 1, 2
steward of the royal household 1
Hungerford 1, 2
Stanley 1
Suffolk 1, 2
Stoke, near Newark, battle of (1487) 1
Strange, John 8th Baron 1
Strange, George 9th Baron 1, 2
succession 1, 2, 3
English crown 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
and parliament 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
and the Tudors 1
French crown 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Salic law 1
see also claimants; genealogical charts
Suffolk, William de la Pole 4th earl of (d. 1450) 1, 2, 3, 4
and Gloucester 1, 2
as head of government 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
and Margaret of Anjou 1, 2, 3
Suffolk, John de la Pole 2nd duke of (d. 1492) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
demoted to earl 1
Suffolk, Edmund de la Pole 5th earl of (d. 1513) 1, 2, 3
Suffolk, Richard de la Pole pretender earl of (d. 1525) 1, 2, 3
Surrey, Thomas Howard earl of 1
swearing see oaths
swords 1, 2, 3
sword-bearer 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
sword of state 1, 2, 3, 4
Talbot, Gilbert 1
Talbot, John see Shrewsbury, earls of
taxes 1, 2, 3
collection 1, 2
for foreign wars 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
and parliament 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
rebellion 1, 2, 3, 4
Tewkesbury, battle of (1471) 1
Tidr see Tudor, Owen
tournaments 1, 2, 3
Tower of London 1, 2, 3, 4
as palace 1, 2, 3
as palace–prison 1, 2, 3, 4
as prison 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
under the Tudors 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Towton, battle of (1461) 1
treason 1, 2, 3, 4
commissions 1, 2, 3, 4
treaty of Arras (1482) 1
treaty of Étaples (1492) 1
treaty of Medina del Campo (1489) 1
treaty of Picquiny (1475) 1
treaty of Troyes (1420) 1, 2
Trollope, Andrew 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
troops see soldiers
truce with France 1, 2
under Charles VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Tudor family 1, 2, 3
and Wales 1, 2, 3
Tudor, Edmund earl of Richmond 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
as Edmund de Hadham 1, 2
Tudor, Henry 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
in Brittany 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
and Buckingham 1, 2
in France 1, 2
his return to Britain 1
as king see Henry VII
Tudor, Jasper earl of Pembroke 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
childhood as Jasper de Hatfield 1, 2
early career 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
in exile 1, 2, 3
and Henry VI 1, 2
and Queen Margaret 1, 2, 3
raised to duke of Bedford 1, 2, 3
Tudor, Owen 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
and Catherine de Valois 1
his son David Owen 1
as Owen (Fitz)Meredith 1, 2, 3, 4
Tudor, Owen jr 1
Tutbury Castle 1, 2
Twynho, Ankarette 1
Tyrell, Sir James 1, 2, 3
unrest 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
London 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
north of England 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
south of England 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
usurpers 1, 2, 3, 4
Edward IV 1, 2
Henry IV 1
Henry VI 1
Henry VII 1, 2
Richard III 1, 2, 3, 4
valentine 1
Valois family 1, 2, 3
see also Catherine de Valois; Charles VI; Charles VII; Charles VIII;
Louis XI; Louis XII; Orléans, Charles de Valois, duke of
Vaughan, Sir Thomas 1, 2, 3
Verneuil, battle of (1424) 1
Wales 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
and Catherine de Valois 1, 2
red dragon 1
and the Tudors 1, 2, 3, 4
Welsh soldiers 1, 2
Wales, princes of 1
Warbeck, Perkin 1
Wars of the Roses 1
Warwick Castle 1, 2, 3
Warwick, Edward Plantagenet earl of (b. 1475) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
impersonated 1
in the Tower 1, 2
Warwick, Richard Beauchamp earl of 1, 2, 3, 4
Warwick, Richard Neville earl of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
captain of Calais 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
conspirator 1
diplomat 1, 2, 3
keeper of Henry VI 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
kingmaker 1, 2
and Richard of York 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
rides to support Edward IV 1, 2, 3
rift with Edward IV 1, 2, 3, 4
sides with Clarence 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
taken and killed 1, 2
weapons 1, 2, 3
see also guns; swords
Welles, Sir Robert 1, 2
Welles and Willoughby, Richard 7th
baron 1
Welsh marches 1, 2, 3, 4
Welsh names 1
Wenlock, Sir John (later Lord) 1, 2, 3, 4
Westminster 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Abbey 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
King’s Bench 1, 2
Wiltshire, James Butler earl of Ormond and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
in battle 1, 2, 3, 4
Windsor 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
witchcraft 1
alleged 1, 2, 3, 4
Woodville family 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
and Edward V 1
and Gloucester 1
see also Rivers, Lord
Woodville, Sir Edward 1, 2
as Lord Scales 1
Woodville, Elizabeth see Elizabeth, Queen
Woodville, Sir John 1, 2, 3
Woodville, Lionel bishop of Salisbury 1, 2
Woodville, Richard (d. 1469) see Rivers, 1st Earl
Woodville, Richard (d. 1491) 1
York 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Micklegate Bar 1
York, Richard Plantagenet 3rd duke of (d. 1460) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
chief councillor 1, 2, 3, 4
as claimant 1, 2, 3
his sons see March, Edward earl of; Rutland, Edmund earl of
lieutenant of France 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
lieutenant of Ireland 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
and Queen Margaret 1, 2, 3, 4
returns from Ireland 1, 2
and Somerset 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
and Warwi
ck 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
in Yorkshire and dies 1
York, Richard Plantagenet duke of (b. 1473) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
in the Tower 1, 2
Warbeck’s impersonation of 1
see also Princes in the Tower
York, Henry duke of (later Henry VIII) 1, 2
York v. Lancaster 1
Yorkists 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
army 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
in government 1, 2, 3, 4
harassed 1, 2
and London 1, 2, 3
propaganda 1, 2, 3, 4
Clockwise from top left: Henry V, ‘King of all the world’ and scourge of the French; Catherine de Valois, whose secret marriage to Owen Tudor unwittingly founded a great royal dynasty; Margaret of Anjou, idealised as the Virgin (the real woman was less saintly); and Henry VI – simple, pious and soft – whose reign was a disaster
Clockwise from top left: Richard duke of York, a great soldier, but a poor politician, still fathered two kings; Edward IV, who was charismatic, dashing and competent, but grew fat, louche and lecherous; Edward V, whose unlucky head never wore the crown of England; and Elizabeth Woodville, an unlikely queen, she was sexy, ambitious and hard-nosed
A modern image of Richard III, reconstructed from his skull.
Henry VII. Looks careworn and troubled in his death mask.
Perkin Warbeck, who impersonated Richard, son of Edward IV.
The indefatigable and brilliant Margaret Beaufort: a great survivor.
The battle of Barnet, 1471 (top), was actually fought in thick fog and Richard Neville, ‘Warwick the Kingmaker’, was killed in the fighting. Bottom, Edmund, duke of Somerset is beheaded following the battle of Tewkesbury. Edward IV watches on, impassive
‘Towton 25’ – a face smashed in half. The field of Towton was known as the Bloody Meadow owing to the 28,000 men who died during the battle.
A squire dresses his knight for combat.
The Bosworth Cross was paraded with Richard III’s ill-fated army in 1485.
Edward IV in his splendour – from a genealogy celebrating his royal blood. Three royal insignia are displayed on his charger, representing the Yorkists’ supposed claim to the crowns of England, France and Castile
Family history as propaganda: Bedford plastered occupied France with handbills illustrating Henry VI’s rightful claim to the French crown. This elaborate version was presented to Margaret of Anjou before her marriage in 1445
The Tudors were masters of propaganda – roses, genealogies and new histories sold the world ‘their’ fifteenth century, which was immortalised by Shakespeare
About the Author
Dan Jones is an acclaimed historian and award-winning journalist. His first book, Summer of Blood: The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381, was an Independent Book of the year. He is a columnist for the London Evening Standard, and also writes for The Times, Daily Telegraph, Spectator and Literary Review. He has presented documentaries for the BBC and Channel 5. He lives in London with his wife and two daughters.