Malvern, Sue, Modern Art, Britain and the Great War: Witnessing, Testimony and Remembrance, Yale University Press, London, 2004.
Markham, Violet, Return Passage, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1953.
— Friendship’s Harvest, Reinhardt, London, 1956.
Marsh, Edward, A Number of People: A Book of Reminiscences, Heinemann, London, 1939.
Marshall-Cornwall, James, Wars and Rumours of Wars: A Memoir, Leo Cooper, Secker & Warburg, London, 1984.
Masheder, Mildred, Carrier’s Cart to Oxford: Growing up in the 1920s in the Oxfordshire Village of Elsfield, Wychwood Press, Chipping Norton, 2007.
Massey, Vincent, What’s Past is Prologue, Macmillan, Toronto, 1963.
Massie, Allan, 101 Great Scots, Chambers, Edinburgh, 1987.
Masterman, Lucy, C. F. G. Masterman: A Biography, Nicholson and Watson, London, 1939.
Matthew, H. C. G. and Harrison, Brian, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004.
Messinger, Gary S., British Propaganda and the State in the First World War, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1992.
— The Battle for the Mind: War and Peace in the Era of Mass Communication, University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, MA, 2011.
Middlemas, Keith and Barnes, John, Baldwin: A Biography, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1969.
Millman, Brock, Pessimism and British War Policy, 1916–1918, Frank Cass, London, 2001.
Moorman, Mary, George Macaulay Trevelyan: A Memoir, Hamish Hamilton, London, 1980.
Murray, Arthur, Master and Brother: Murrays of Elibank, John Murray, London, 1945.
— At Close Quarters: A Sidelight on Anglo-American Diplomatic Relations, John Murray, London, 1946.
Murray, Gilbert, Gilbert Murray: An Unfinished Autobiography, Allen and Unwin, London, 1960.
Nash, Paul, Outline: An Autobiography and Other Writings, Faber and Faber, London, 1949.
Newbolt, Margaret, ed., The Later Life and Letters of Sir Henry Newbolt, Faber and Faber, London, 1942.
Nicolson, Nigel, ed., The Flight of the Mind: The Letters of Virginia Woolf, Hogarth Press, London, 1976.
— The Sickle Side of the Moon: The Letters of Virginia Woolf, vol. V, 1932–1935, Hogarth Press, London, 1979.
Nimocks, Walter, Milner’s Young Men: The ‘Kindergarten’ in Edwardian Imperial Affairs, Duke University Press, Durham, NC, 1968.
Noyes, Alfred, Two Worlds for Memory, Sheed and Ward, London, 1953.
O’Brien, Terence H., Milner: Viscount Milner of St James’s and Cape Town, 1854–1925, Constable, London, 1979.
Oliver, F. S., The Endless Adventure, vols I, II and III, Macmillan, London, 1930–5.
Paddock, Troy, ed., World War I and Propaganda, Brill, Leiden, 2014.
Pakenham, Thomas, The Boer War, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1979.
Panek, Leroy L., The Special Branch: The British Spy Novel 1890–1980, Bowling Green University Press, Bowling Green, OH, 1981.
Parrinder, P. and Gasiorek, A., The Reinvention of the British and Irish Novel, 1880–1940, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2011.
Peterson, H. C., Propaganda for War: The Campaign against American Neutrality, 1914–1917, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1939.
Philpott, William, Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme, Abacus, London, 2010.
Pickersgill, J. W., The Mackenzie King Record, vol. 1, 1939–1944, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1960.
Pound, Reginald, Arnold Bennett: A Biography, Heinemann, London, 1952.
Rankin, Nicholas, Churchill’s Wizards: The British Genius for Deception 1914–1945, Faber and Faber, London, 2008.
Read, Donald, The Power of News: The History of Reuters, 1849–1989, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1992.
Reeves, Nicholas, Official British Film Propaganda during the First World War, Croom Helm, London, 1986.
Reid, A. and Osborne, B. D., eds, Discovering Scottish Writers, Scottish Library Association and Scottish Cultural Press, Edinburgh, 1997.
Ridley, M. R., Second Thoughts: More Studies in Literature, J. M. Dent, London, 1965.
Ritchie, Charles, The Siren Years: Undiplomatic Diaries, 1937–1945, Macmillan, London, 1974.
Robertson, Heather, ed., A Gentleman Adventurer: The Arctic Diaries of Richard Bonnycastle, Lester and Orpen Dennys, Toronto, 1984.
Rogers, Byron, The Man Who Went Into the West: The Life of R. S. Thomas, Aurum, London, 2007.
Rowse, A. L., The English Past, Macmillan, London, 1951.
Russell, Leonard, ed., Parody Party, Hutchinson, London, 1936.
Sanders, M. L. and Taylor, Philip, British Propaganda During the First World War 1914–18, Macmillan, London, 1982.
Scott, Sheila, J. Walter Buchan, privately published, 1983.
— O. Douglas, privately published, 1993.
Sheffield, Gary and Bourne, John, eds, Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters, 1914–1918, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 2005.
— The Chief: Douglas Haig and the British Army, Aurum, London, 2011.
Smith, David E., The Invisible Crown: The First Principle of Canadian Government, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1995.
Sommer, Dudley, Haldane of Cloan: His Life and Times 1856–1928, Allen and Unwin, London, 1960.
Spoto, Donald, The Dark Side of Genius: The Life of Alfred Hitchcock, Collins, London, 1983.
Spring, Howard, In the Meantime, Constable, London, 1942.
Squires, James Duane, British Propaganda at Home and in the United States from 1914 to 1917, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1935.
Strachan, Hew, The First World War: Vol. I, To Arms, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001.
— The First World War, Simon & Schuster, London, 2014.
Stuart, Sir Campbell, Secrets of Crewe House: The Story of a Famous Campaign, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1920.
Terraine, John, The Western Front 1914–1918, Hutchinson, London, 1964.
Thompson, Andrew S., Imperial Britain: The Empire in British Politics c. 1880–1932, Longman, Harlow, 2000.
Todman, Dan, The Great War: Myth and Memory, Continuum, Hambledon, 2005.
Trevelyan, G. M., An Autobiography and Other Essays, Longmans, Green, London, 1949.
Trotter, David, The English Novel in History 1895–1920, Routledge, London, 1993.
Truffaut, François, Hitchcock, Secker and Warburg, London, 1968.
Turner, Arthur C., Mr. Buchan, Writer: A Life of the First Lord Tweedsmuir, SCM, London, 1949.
Tweedsmuir, Lord, Always a Countryman, Robert Hale, London, 1953.
— Hudson’s Bay Trader, Clerke and Cockeran, London, 1951.
Usborne, Richard, Clubland Heroes: A Nostalgic Study of Some Recurrent Characters in the Romantic Fiction of Dornford Yates, John Buchan and Sapper, Constable, London, 1953.
Vincent, John, ed., The Crawford Papers: The Journals of David Lindsay, Twenty-Seventh Earl of Crawford and Tenth Earl of Balcarres 1871–1940: During the Years 1892–1940, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1984.
Walker, David, Lean, Wind, Lean: A Few Times Remembered, Collins, London, 1984.
Watt, D. C., Personalities and Policies: Studies in the Formulation of British Foreign Policy in the Twentieth Century, Longmans, London, 1965.
Webb, Paul, A Buchan Companion: A Guide to the Novels and Short Stories, Alan Sutton, Far Thrupp, 1994.
Weekes, David, ΧΡΙΣΤΟC ΝΙΚHΣEI: on John Buchan’s Grave, Lavender Inprint, London, 2010.
Welch, David, ed., Propaganda, Power and Persuasion: from World War I to Wikileaks, I.B. Tauris, London, 2015.
Welles, Sumner, The Time for Decision, Hamish Hamilton, London, 1944.
Wells, H. G., Experiment in Autobiography: Discoveries and Conclusions of a Very Ordinary Brain (since 1866), Victor Gollancz, London, 1934.
West, Francis, Gilbert Murray, a Life, Croom Helm, London, 1984.
Wheeler-Bennett, John, George VI: His Life and Reign, Macmill
an, London, 1958.
White, William Allen, Autobiography of William Allen White, Macmillan, New York, 1946.
Williams, Francis, A Prime Minister Remembers: The War and Post-War Memoirs of the Rt. Hon. Earl Attlee, Heinemann, London, 1961.
Williams, Jeffery, Byng of Vimy: General and Governor General, Leo Cooper, London, 1983.
Willis-O’Connor, H. and Macbeth, M., Inside Government House, Ryerson Press, Toronto, 1954.
Wilson, A. N., Hilaire Belloc, Hamish Hamilton, London, 1984.
Wilson, Duncan, Gilbert Murray O.M.: 1866–1957, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1987.
Wilson, Trevor, ed., The Political Diaries of C. P. Scott, 1911–28, Collins, London, 1970.
— The Myriad Faces of War: Britain and the Great War 1914–1918, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1986.
Winter, Denis, Haig’s Command: A Reassessment, Viking, London, 1991.
Wolffe, John, God and Greater Britain: Religion and National Life in Britain and Ireland 1843–1945, Routledge, London, 1994.
JOURNALS, NEWSPAPERS, THESES, UNPUBLISHED MATERIAL, ONLINE RESOURCES AND BROADCASTS
This is by no means an exhaustive list, especially as far as JB’s output is concerned. I refer readers to the invaluable The First Editions of John Buchan: A Collector’s Bibliography by Robert G. Blanchard, Archon, Hamden, CT, 1981.
Most important of the journals is the one published by the John Buchan Society, at least once a year since its foundation in 1979. In the last forty years, both professional academics and amateur enthusiasts have contributed to The John Buchan Journal, in the process substantially widening and deepening our knowledge of JB and his work. Material from these journals is quoted or cited throughout the book: see endnotes for individual references.
I have also had much recourse to the speeches in the Houses of Parliament, in the Hansard archive, 1803–2005, now available online. Also online are the Diaries of William Lyon Mackenzie King (MKD).
Other Sources
Allison, R. S., ‘Ruthin Castle: a private hospital for the investigation and treatment of obscure medical diseases (1923–1950)’, Ulster Medical Journal, vol. 46, no. 1, 1977, pp. 22–31.
Buchan, John, Battle diary of the Somme (unpublished), QUA, Special Collections.
— ‘G.H.Q. intelligence summaries’, QUA, Special Collections.
— ‘Reports and memoranda, Department and Ministry of Information, March 1917–December 1919’, QUA, Special Collections.
— The Mountain (unfinished novel), QUA, Special Collections.
— ‘The Revision of Dogmas’, The Ashridge Journal, no. 3 (August 1930), pp. 7–19.
— The Scott Pageant, 1932, QUA, Special Collections.
— ‘The University, the Library and the Common Weal’, Columbia University Quarterly, December 1934, vol. XXVI, no. 4, pp. 301–12.
— What the Home Rule Bill Means, privately published, 1912.
— contrib., Oxford Prologizes, Oxford Preservation Trust, 1930.
Cannadine, D., ‘John Buchan: A life at the margins’, The American Scholar, vol. 67, no. 3, summer 1998, pp. 85–93.
Clavin, Patricia, ‘ “A Wandering Scholar” in Britain and the USA, 1933–45: the life and work of Moritz Bonn’, Yearbook of the Research Centre for German and Austrian Exile Studies, vol. 4, 2002, pp. 27–42.
Desmarais, Anna, ‘Lord Tweedsmuir and the search for identity’, Ottawa Citizen, 20 March 2017, p. A7.
Gilpin, John F., ‘The Canadian Agency and British Investment in Western Canadian Land, 1905–1915’, PhD thesis, University of Leicester, 1992.
Grieves, Keith, ‘Nelson’s History of the War: John Buchan as a contemporary military historian, 1915–22’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 28, no. 3, July 1993, pp. 533–51.
Henshaw, Peter, ‘John Buchan and the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan: the under-rated role of the “Man on the Spot” ’, Defence Studies, vol. 1, no. 2, Summer 2001, pp. 129–36.
— ‘John Buchan from the “Borders” to the “Berg”: nature, empire and white South African identity, 1901–1910’, African Studies, vol. 62, no. 1, 2003, pp. 2–32.
Idle, Jeremy, ‘The pilgrim’s plane-crash: Buchan, Bunyan and canonicity’, Literature and Theology, vol. 13, no. 3, September 1999, pp. 249–58.
Kirke-Greene, Anthony H. M., ‘The Governors-General of Canada, 1867–1952: a collective profile’, Journal of Canadian Studies, Revue d’études canadiennes, vol. 12, no. 4, Summer 1977, pp. 35–57.
Lee, Edwin R., ‘Presbyterian ethos and environment in the novels of John Buchan: a religious and historical study’, MA thesis, Deakin University, Australia, 1996.
Little, Geoffrey, ‘ “The people must have plenty of good books”: The Lady Tweedsmuir Prairie Library Scheme, 1936–40’, Library and Information History, vol. 28, no. 2, June 2012, pp. 103–16.
Macdonald, Kate, ‘The diversification of Thomas Nelson and Sons: John Buchan and the Nelson Archive, 1909–1911’, Publishing History, vol. 65, 2009, pp. 72–96.
— ‘John Buchan’s breakthrough: the conjunction of experience, markets and forms that made The Thirty-Nine Steps’, Publishing History, vol. 68, 2010, pp. 25–106.
Pape, Joan, ‘Account of Royal Visit to Canada, 1939’ (unpublished).
Pilgrim Trust, Ninth Annual Report, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1939.
Rajamäe, Pilvi, ‘John Buchan’s heroes and the chivalric ideal: gentlemen born’, PhD thesis, University of Tartu, Estonia, 2007.
Strachan, Hew, ‘John Buchan and the First World War: fact into fiction’, War in History, vol. 16, no. 3, July 2009, pp. 298–324.
Weekes, David, ‘John Buchan (1875–1940): A reassessment of his Christian faith and practice’, PhD thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017.
Journals and Newspapers
Atlantic Monthly
Blackwood’s Magazine
Country Life
Glasgow Herald
Glasgow University Magazine
Illustrated London News
Isis
Maclean’s Magazine
Newsweek
Oxford JCR
Punch
The Alpine Journal
The Bookman
The Bookseller
The Boston Globe
The Brazen Nose
The British Weekly
The Daily Express
The Daily News
The Daily Sketch
The Daily Telegraph
The Edinburgh Review
The Globe (Toronto) (later Globe & Mail)
The Graphic
The Jewish Chronicle
The Listener
The Morning Post
The New Edinburgh Review
The New Statesman
The New York Times
The New Yorker
The Observer
The Ottawa Citizen
The Oxford Mail
The Oxford Times
The Scotsman
The Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal
The Sketch
The Spectator
The Sunday Times
The Times
The Times Literary Supplement
Time
Television and Radio Broadcasts
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 14 February 1940, 1.45–3.45 p.m. EST, broadcast of State Funeral Service for Lord Tweedsmuir.
Times Remembered, BBC broadcast of interview between Susan, Lady Tweedsmuir, and Joan Bakewell, 1 November 1972.
The Thirty-Nine Steps, The Three Hostages and Huntingtower have been adapted for television, and The Island of Sheep, Witch Wood, The Power-House, Greenmantle, The Three Hostages, Huntingtower, The Thirty-Nine Steps and The Courts of the Morning for the radio.
FILM
Huntingtower (1927, George Pearson)
The 39 Steps (1935, Alfred Hitchcock)
The 39 Steps (1959, Ralph Thomas)
The Thirty-Nine Steps (1979, Don Sharp)
STAGE
The 39 Steps,
written by Patrick Barlow, played for ten years in London (2005–2015) and continues to be staged all over the world.
Acknowledgements
This book could not have been written without the assistance of many people, whose efforts on my behalf I gratefully acknowledge here.
First and foremost, my husband, Charlie Wide, did all he could to encourage me, including submitting with impressively good grace to JB-related conversations almost daily over four years. He read the manuscript more than once and I could never have cut it down to a manageable length without being able to rely on his good sense and ability to see the big picture.
My brothers and sisters – Deborah Stewartby, Toby Tweedsmuir, Edward Buchan, Laura Crackanthorpe and James Buchan – saw the point of what became known as ‘the Project’ from the start and assisted me in many crucial ways. The children of the Reverend John Buchan could not have exhibited more warm-hearted family cooperation than I received. JB’s works are out of copyright and can be freely reproduced, but I thank Toby for giving me permission to quote from Susie’s writings.
My son, Tommy Wide, read the manuscript, making helpful suggestions, and also rendered into elegant English the Greek and Latin quotations that occur all too frequently in JB’s non-fiction. My daughter, Emily Thomas, and her husband, Will, showed keen understanding and interest, while Henry, Alexander and Hector Thomas provided welcome and recuperative diversion.
Other members of the family played a significant part: Sauré Tweedsmuir, William’s widow, lent me many of the images that appear in the book and gave me treasured books; the late Ian Stewartby provided insights into JB’s political life and Susie’s widowhood; David Crackanthorpe made me aware of the importance of both John Lane and F.S. Oliver; Perdita Buchan Connolly sent me an illuminating essay she had written about Susie; Emma Lambe made available Willie Buchan’s invaluable letters; Edmund Fairfax-Lucy showed me private papers belonging to his parents, Alice and Brian; Susie Selkirk and Harry Douglas-Hamilton did the same for Susie’s father and Harry’s grandfather, Johnnie; and David and Benjamin Buchan answered questions about their father, Alastair. Andrew Elder read that part of the manuscript referring to JB’s brain operations. I had fruitful conversations with Lisa Buchan, Elizabeth Buchan and Laura Warrender, and I benefited enormously from the opportunity to talk with Dame Frances Campbell-Preston and Peggy Peyton-Jones, both of whom knew JB.
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