19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Berlin and Harris, Slavery in New York, p. 4.
22. Anne Farrow, Joel Lang, and Jenifer Frank, Complicity: How the North Promoted, Prolonged, and Profited from Slavery (Hartford: The Hartford Courant Company, 2005), inside cover.
23. Ibid., p. xxi.
24. Ibid., p. xxviii.
25. Ibid., p. xxvi.
26. Ibid. p. xxvii.
27. Ibid., p. xxv.
Chapter 5
1. Lerone Bennett, Jr., Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln’s White Dream (Chicago: Johnson Publishing Co., 2000).
2. Webb Garrison, The Lincoln No One Knows (Nashville: Rutledge Hill Press, 1993), p. 186.
3. Abraham Lincoln, “Address on Colonization to a Committee of Colored Men,” August 14, 1862, in Abraham Lincoln: Speeches and Writings, Vol. 2, 1859–1865 (New York: Library of America, 1989), pp. 353–357.
4. Ibid., p. 353.
5. Ibid., p. 354.
6. Henry Mayer, William Lloyd Garrison and the Abolition of Slavery (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998), p. 531.
7. Abraham Lincoln, “Comment on the Dred Scott Decision,” June 26, 1857, online at http://www.founding.com/library/body.cfm?id=321&parent=63.
Chapter 6
1. George Smith, ed., The Lysander Spooner Reader (San Francisco: Fox and Wilkes, 1992), p. vii.
2. Ibid., p. viii.
3. Lysander Spooner letter to William Seward, http://www.lysanderspooner.org/letters_new.htm.
4. Ibid.
5. According to Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary.
6. Doris Kearns Goodwin, Team of Rivals (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005).
7. Ibid., p. 296.
8. Ibid.
9. Spooner letter to Seward.
10. Lysander Spooner letter to Charles Sumner, http://www.lysanderspooner.org/bib_new.htm.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Smith, The Lysander Spooner Reader, p. xvii.
14. Ibid., p. 117.
15. Ibid., p. 118.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid., p. 119.
20. Ibid., p. 120.
21. Ibid., p. 121.
22. Ibid., p. xix.
Chapter 7
1. Dean Sprague, Freedom Under Lincoln (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965), p. 300.
2. “The Kentucky Resolutions of 1798,” online at http://www.constitution.org/cons/kent1798.htm.
3. James J. Kilpatrick, The Sovereign States: Notes of a Citizen of Virginia (Washington, DC: H. Regnery & Co., 1957), p. 130.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., p. 134.
7. Henry Adams, Documents Relating to New England Federalism (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1905), p. 376.
8. Ibid., p. 338.
9. Virginia Resolution of 1798, online at http://www.constitution.org/cons/virg1798.htm.
10. Kilpatrick, The Sovereign States, p. 152.
11. Ibid., p. 151.
12. Ibid., p. 152.
13. William C. Wright, The Secession Movement in the Middle Atlantic States (Rutheford, NJ: Farleigh Dickinson University Press, 1973).
Chapter 8
1. Gottfried Dietze, America’s Political Dilemma: From Limited to Unlimited Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1968), p. 67.
2. Ibid., p. 73.
3. Woodrow Wilson, Constitutional Government in the United States (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers reprint, 2001), p. 178.
4. Ross Lence, ed. Union and Liberty: The Political Thought of John C. Calhoun (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1992), p. 27.
5. St. George Tucker, View of the Constitution of the United States (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1999), pp. 1–3.
6. Ibid., p. 24.
7. Ibid., p. 27.
8. Ibid., p. 28.
9. Ibid., p. 112.
10. John Taylor, Tyranny Unmasked (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1992), p. 199.
11. Frank Chodorov, The Income Tax: Root of All Evil (New York: Devin-Adair, 1963), p. 83.
12. Ludwig von Mises, Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and Total War (San Francisco: Libertarian Press, 1985), p. 268.
13. Felix Morley, Freedom and Federalism (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1981), pp. 3–4.
14. The letter is online at http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard21.html.
15. Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1998).
16. Ibid., p. 565.
17. Ibid., p. 572.
18. Ibid., p. 566.
19. http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/inaug/lincoln1.htm.
20. Hitler, Mein Kampf, p. 565.
21. Ibid., p. 575.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid., p. 578.
24. Edmund Wilson, Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1962), p. xvi.
25. Ibid., p. xviii.
Chapter 9
1. James J. Kilpatrick, The Sovereign States: Notes of a Citizen of Virginia (Washington, DC: H. Regnery & Co., 1957), p. 15.
2. Ralph A. Rossum, Federalism, the Supreme Court, and the Seventeenth Amendment (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2001).
Chapter 10
1. Murphy v. Porter (1861) and United States ex re John Murphy v. Andrew Porter, Provost Marshal District of Columbia (1861).
Chapter 11
1. Eugene Berwanger, The Frontier Against Slavery (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1967), p. 137.
2. Ludwell Johnson, North Against South: The American Iliad, 1848–1877, rev. ed. (Columbia, SC: Foundation for American Education, 2003).
3. Joseph Martino, Science Funding: Politics and Pork Barrel (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1992); Dinesh D’Souza, Illiberal Education: The Politics of Race and Sex on Campus (New York: Free Press, 1998), and Tom Bethel, The Politically Incorrect Guide to Science (Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, 2005).
4. James Bovard, The Farm Fiasco (Oakland, CA: ICS Press, 1989).
5. Mark Thornton and Robert Ekelund, Jr., Tariffs, Blockades and Inflation: The Economics of the Civil War (Lanham, MD: SR Books, 2004).
Chapter 12
1. David Donald, Lincoln Reconsidered (New York: Vintage Books, 1961), pp. 105–106.
2. John W. Starr, Jr., Lincoln and the Railroads (Manchester, NH: Ayer Company Publishers, 1981), p. 25.
3. Ibid., p. 58.
4. Ibid., p. 79.
5. Ibid., p. 67.
6. Ibid., p 80.
7. Ibid., p. 152.
8. Dee Brown, Hear That Lonesome Whistle Blow (New York: Owl Books, 2001), p. 49.
9. Ibid., p. 31.
10. Ibid., p. 35.
11. Ibid., p. 49.
12. Ibid., p. 58.
13. Ibid., p. 76.
14. Ibid., p. 32.
15. Ibid., p. 64.
Chapter 13
1. William C. Davis, Letter to the Editor, North and South Magazine, March 2004, p. 3.
2. In her 944-page Lincoln biography, Team of Rivals, Doris Kearns Goodwin does not even mention the Morrill Tariff of 1861. The only index listing for “Morrill” is for his federal land grant university bill.
3. Chauncey Boucher, The Nullification Controversy in South Carolina (New York: Russell and Russell Publishers, 1968), p. 5.
4. Wilson Brown and Jan Hogendorn, International Economics (New York: Addison, Wesley and Longman, 1994), p. 121.
5. Clyde Wilson, The Essential Calhoun (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1992), p. 190.
6. Ibid., p. 192.
7. Milton and Rose Friedman, Free to Choose: A Personal Statement (New York: Harcourt, 1980), p. 38.
8. Frank Chodorov, The Income Tax: Root of All Evil (New York: Devin-Adair, 1963), p. 36.
9. Frank Klement, Lincoln’s Critics: The Copperheads of the North (Shippensburg, PA: White Mane Publishing Company, 1999).
10. Jefferson Davi
s, First Inaugural Address, online at http://www.swcivilwar.com/DavisFirstInaug.html.
11. Roy Basler, ed., Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, vol. 4 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953), p. 91.
12. Reinhard Luthin, “Lincoln and the Tariff,” American Historical Review (July 1944), p. 629.
13. Robert A. McGuire and T. Norman Van Cott, “The Confederate Constitution, Tariffs, and the Laffer Relationship,” Economic Inquiry 40, no. 3 (July 2002), p. 437.
Chapter 14
1. Michael F. Holt, The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party (New York: Oxford University Prress, 1999), p. 288.
2. Richard Timberlake, Monetary History of the United States: An Intellectual and Institutional History (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), p. 70.
3. Robert Remini, Andrew Jackson and the Bank War: A Study in the Growth of Presidential Power, 2nd ed. (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1967), p. 19.
4. Timberlake, Monetary History of the United States, p. 83.
5. Murray Rothbard, The Panic of 1819 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1962).
6. Remini, Andrew Jackson and the Bank War, p. 144.
7. Ibid., p. 145.
8. Andrew Jackson, “Why the United States Bank was Closed,” http://www.lexrex.com/enlightened/writings/bank/jackson.htm.
9. Jefffrey Hummel, Emancipating Slaves, Enslaving Free Men (Chicago: Open Court, 1996).
10. David Donald, Lincoln (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), p. 77.
11. Murray Rothbard, What Has Government Done to Our Money? Case for a 100 Percent Gold Dollar (Auburn, AL: Mises Institute, 2005 reprint), p. 78.
12. Murray Rothbard, A History of Money and Banking in the United States (Auburn, AL: Mises Institute, 2002), p. 122.
13. New York Times, March 9, 1863, cited in Heather Cox Richardson, The Greatest Nation on the Earth: Republican Economic Policies During the Civil War (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997), p. 94.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
Chapter 15
1. Walter Berns, Making Patriots (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002), p. 100.
2. Ibid., p. 88.
3. Ibid., p. 87.
4. Ibid., p. 89.
5. Ibid., p. 96.
6. Ibid.
Chapter 16
1. Edmund Wilson, Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1962), p. xvi.
2. Frank Meyer, Review of “Lincoln Without Rhetoric,” National Review, August 24, 1965, online at http://www.lincolnmyth.com/without_rhetoric.html.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Murray Rothbard, “Buckley Revealed,” online at http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard6.html.
6. Ibid.
7. John Haynes and Harvey Klehr, In Denial: Historians, Communism, and Espionage (New York: Encounter Books, 2003), p. 40.
8. Eric Foner, “Lincoln’s Lesson,” editorial, The Nation, February 11, 1991.
Chapter 17
1. John Baer, The Pledge of Allegiance: A Centennial History, 1892–1992 (Annapolis, MD: Free State Press, 1992).
2. Ibid., p. 3.
3. Claes Ryn, America the Virtuous: The Crisis of Democracy and the Quest for Empire (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 2003), p. 72.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid., p. 74.
6. Ludwig von Mises, Socialism (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1981), p. 223.
Chapter 18
1. Horace Cooper, “Not a Suicide Pact,” Townhall.com, December 21, 2005; and Ben Shapiro, “Should We Prosecute Sedition?,” Townhall. com, February 15, 2006. Heritage sold the website some time in 2005 but the president and editor in chief remained on the job. The site’s writers are still ideological clones of the Heritage Foundation staff.
2. Frank Klement, Lincoln’s Critics: The Copperheads of the North (Shippensburg, PA: White Mane Publishing Company, 1999).
3. Record of Hon. C. L. Vallandigham (Jackson, MS: Crown Rights Publishers, 1998).
4. Klement, Lincoln’s Critics.
5. Michael Waller, “When Does Politics Become Treason?” Insight, December 23, 2003.
6. Roy Basler, ed., The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953), vol. 6, p. 264.
7. Dean Sprague, Freedom Under Lincoln (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1969), p. 29.
8. Ibid., p. 287.
Chapter 19
1. Steven R. Weisman, The Great Tax Wars: Lincoln to Wilson—The Fierce Battles Over Money and Power That Transformed the Nation (New York: Simon and Shuster, 2002), p. 22.
2. Ibid., p. 52.
3. Ibid.
4. James Webb, Born Fighting: A History of the Scots-Irish in America (New York: Broadway Books, 2004), p. 9.
5. Ibid., p. 18.
6. Ibid., p. 222.
7. Ibid., p. 223.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 224.
10. Ibid., p. 225.
11. Ibid.
12. Michael F. Holt, The Fate of Their Country (New York: Hill and Wang, 2005), p. 27.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., p. 28.
16. Among Gordon’s books are An Empire of Wealth: The Epic History of American Power (New York: HarperCollins, 2004); The Great Game: The Emergence of Wall Street as a World Power: 1653–2000 (New York: Scribner, 2000); The Business of America: Tales from the Marketplace—American Enterprise from the Settling of New England to the Breakup of AT&T (New York: Walker & Co., 2001); and A Thread Across the Ocean: The Heroic Story of the Transatlantic Cable (New York: Harper-Perennial, 2003).
17. John Steele Gordon, Hamilton’s Blessing: The Extraordinary Life and Times of our National Debt (New York: Penguin Books, 1998), p. 56.
18. Michael Lind, What Lincoln Believed: The Values and Convictions of America’s Greatest President (New York: Doubleday, 2005), p. 9.
19. Ibid., p. 73.
20. Ibid., p. 31.
21. Ibid., p. 18.
22. Ibid., p. 15.
23. Ibid., p. 52.
24. Ibid., p. 102.
25. Ibid., pp. 127, 128.
26. Ibid. p. 130.
27. Jeffrey Manber and Neil Dahlstrom, Lincoln’s Wrath: Fierce Mobs, Brilliant Scoundrels and a President’s Mission to Destroy the Press (Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, Inc., 2005), inside cover.
28. Ibid., p. 63.
29. Ibid., p. 126.
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