7. Diphoko Senokoane, ‘Cosas is born, schools stand together’, Express, 23 September 2015, available at https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Local/Express-News/Cosas-is-born-schools-stand-together-20150922 (last accessed 11 September 2018).
8. ‘Minutes of the UDF held on 10 and 11 September 1983 at Phoenix Settlement in Durban’, Collection No. AK2117, Historical Papers, University of the Witwatersrand, 2012, available at
http://www.historicalpapers.wits.ac.za/inventories/inv_pdfo/AK2117/AK2117-J2-4-D1-001-jpeg.pdf (last accessed 11 September 2018).
9. See http://www.anc.org.za/officials/elias-sekgobelo-magashule (last accessed 11
September 2018).
10. Judge A.J. Lamprecht, S v Bhekibutho Vincent Nxumalo, case no. CC 94/14 (High Court of South Africa, Gauteng Division, Eastern Circuit, Ermelo), 6 August 2015, available at www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPPHC/2015/660.rtf (last accessed 11
September 2018).
11. Rico Devara Chapman, Student Resistance to Apartheid at the University of Fort Hare: Freedom Now, a Degree Tomorrow (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2016), p. 58.
12. ‘Fort Hare students get final warning’, Daily Dispatch, 5 May 1982.
13. ‘20 on violence charges’, Daily Dispatch, 19 May 1982.
14. ‘CCIS man tells of shots at Fort Hare’, Daily Dispatch, 12 January 1983.
15. Bheki Mlangeni, South African History Online, available at http://www.sahistory.org
.za/people/bheki-mlangeni (last accessed 11 September 2018).
16. Interview with Elias Ace Magashule by Moses Mzwandile Hadebe, for the ANC
Oral History Project, n.d.
17. S v Dingiswayo and Others 1985 3 SA 175, Ciskei General Division.
18. ‘CCIS man tells of shots at Fort Hare’.
19. ‘Ciskei terror trial postponed’, Daily Dispatch, 24 August 1982.
20. Interview with Elias Ace Magashule by Moses Mzwandile Hadebe, for the ANC
Oral History Project, n.d.
21. Forde, ‘Magashule: premier in waiting’.
CHAPTER 2: HILLBROW DAYS
1. Setjhaba Maphalla and Mondli Mvambi, ‘A man of the people’, Public Sector Manager, January 2014, pp. 56–61.
2. Ibid., pp. 56–57.
3. Fidelis Hove, ‘Bias in MK analysis leaves much to be desired’, Mail & Guardian, 2
March 2017, available at https://mg.co.za/article/2017-03-01-omissions-in-mk -
analysis-leave-much-to-be-desired (last accessed 12 September 2018).
4. J. Brooks Spector, ‘The UDF at 30: An organisation that shook apartheid’s foundation’, Daily Maverick, 22 August 2013, available at https://www.dailymaverick
.co.za/article/2013-08-22-the-udf-at-30-an-organisation-that-shook-apartheids -
foundation/ (last accessed 12 September 2018).
5. Interview with Elias Ace Magashule by Moses Mzwandile Hadebe, for the ANC Oral History Project, n.d.
6. ‘Let us respect the legacy of Mama Winnie Madikizela-Mandela’, media release by Dennis Bloem MP, 9 April 2018.
CHAPTER 3: EXILE
1. Interview with Elias Ace Magashule by Moses Mzwandile Hadebe, for the ANC Oral History Project, n.d.
2. Jeremy Seekings, The UDF: A History of the United Democratic Front in South Africa, 1983–1991 (Cape Town: David Philip, 2000), p. 212.
3. Bloem statement.
4. ‘Seipei’s mother says she forgave Winnie long ago’, eNCA, 8 April 2018, available at https://www.enca.com/southafrica/watch-stompie-seipeis-family-welcomes-anc -into-their-home (last accessed 13 September 2018).
5. Interview with Elias Ace Magashule by Moses Mzwandile Hadebe, for the ANC Oral History Project, n.d.
6. Nico Gous, ‘Manuel rips into Magashule about restoration of Winnie’s Brandfort home’, TimesLive, 5 April 2018, available at
https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/southafrica/2018-04-05-manuel-rips-into-magashule-about-restoration-winnies -brandfort-home/ (last accessed 13 September 2018).
7. Mahlatse Mahlase, ‘Magashule hits back at Trevor Manuel over Winnie’s Brandfort home’, News24, 10 April 2018, available at
https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/magashule-hits-back-at-trevor-manuel-over-winnies-brandfort-home -20180410 (last accessed 13 September 2018).
8. Ayanda Dlodlo, ‘Magashule can never be erased from the history of the struggle’, Sunday Independent, 22 April 2018.
9. ‘Tumahole (Parys) 698-714’, Document ID AK2117-K2117-L9-22, Historical Papers, University of the Witwatersrand, 2009, available at http://www.historicalpapers.wits
.ac.za/inventories/inv_pdfo/AK2117/AK2117-L09-22-01-jpeg.pdf (last accessed 13
September 2018).
10. S v Patrick Mabuya Baleka and 21 others, case no. CC 482/85, Transvaal High Court, Pretoria, 15 February 1988, available at
https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/63853/delmas_trial_vol347_1988.pdf?
sequence=7 (last accessed 13 September 2018).
11. Dlodlo, ‘Magashule can never be erased from the history of the struggle’.
12. Christa Kuljian, Sanctuary: How an Inner-city Church Spilled onto a Sidewalk (Johannesburg: Jacana, 2013), p. 78.
13. Sapa, ‘Winnie started assault on abducted youths, TRC hears’, 26 November 1997, available at http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media%5C1997%5C9711/s971126b.htm (last accessed 14 September 2018).
14. Sapa, ‘Stompie killed on Winnie’s orders to cover up assaults, TRC told’, 3
December 1997, available at
http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media%5C1997%5C9712/s971203f.htm. See http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/special%5Cmandela/mufc7b.htm for transcript (both last accessed 14 September 2018).
15. Sapa, ‘MDM distanced itself from Winnie after she ignored Mandela’, 27 November 1997, available at
http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media%5C1997%5C9711/s971127g.htm (last accessed 14
September 2018).
16. Birthdate appears on a UAE tourist visa for Thato Magashule, contained in the
#GuptaLeaks emails.
17. Interview with Elias Ace Magashule by Moses Mzwandile Hadebe, for the ANC
Oral History Project, n.d.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
CHAPTER 4: AN EARLY SCANDAL
1. Chitja Twala, ‘The demon of factionalism in an African National Congress (ANC)-led Free State Province (1994–2004): A reality?’, Journal for Contemporary History, 30
(3), January 2005, pp. 109–131.
2. ‘Resolutions by ANC, 20 December 2007, 52nd National Conference, Polokwane’, South African History Online, available at
https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/resolutions-anc-20-december-2007-52nd-national-conference-polokwane (last accessed 17 September 2018).
3. Rapule Tabane, ‘Drive to finesse “Ace”’, Mail & Guardian, 15 April 2005, available at https://mg.co.za/article/2005-04-15-drive-to-finesse-ace (last accessed 17 September 2018).
4. Tom Lodge, South African Politics Since 1994 (Cape Town: David Philip, 1999), p.
19.
5. Ibid.
6. Twala, ‘The demon of factionalism in an African National Congress (ANC)-led Free State Province (1994–2004)’.
7. Marianne Merten, ‘Magashule aces entrenchment of power’, Sunday Independent, 24
June 2012, available at https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/magashule-aces -
entrenchment-of-power-1326234 (last accessed 17 September 2018).
8. Qaanitah Hunter, ‘NDZ bid to be No 1 hits bumps in NEC and Ace’, Sunday Times, 24 September 2017.
9. Twala, ‘The demon of factionalism in an African National Congress (ANC)-led Free State Province (1994–2004)’.
10. Ibid.
11. Mark Gevisser, ‘Patrick “Terror” Lekota, Free State premier, in’, Mail & Guardian, 8 August 1996, available at https://mg.co.za/article/1996-08-08-patrick-terror-lekota -
free-state-premier-in (last accessed 17 September 2018).
12. Staff reporter, ‘Lekota uncover
s corruption in Free State’, Mail & Guardian, 8
August 1996, available at https://mg.co.za/article/1996-08-08-lekota-uncovers-corruption-in -free-state (last accessed 17 September 2018).
13. Lodge, South African Politics Since 1994, p. 21.
14. Twala, ‘The demon of factionalism in an African National Congress (ANC)-led Free State Province (1994–2004)’.
15. ‘Commission finds R3-m irregularities’, The Star, 13 December 1996.
16. National Party media statement, undated, sourced from the Archive for Contemporary Affairs (ARCA) at the University of the Free State.
17. Staff reporter, ‘Lekota uncovers corruption in Free State’.
18. Staff reporter, ‘Lekota row stews in Free State’, Mail & Guardian, 24 January 1997, available at https://mg.co.za/article/1997-01-24-lekota-row-stews-in-free-state (last accessed 17 September 2018).
19. Staff reporter, ‘Lekota’s foe implicated in dubious deals’, Mail & Guardian, 20 June 1997, available at https://mg.co.za/article/1997-06-20-lekotas-foe-implicated-in-dubious -deals (last accessed 17 September 2018).
20. Lodge, South African Politics Since 1994, p. 19.
21. Ibid.
22. Staff reporter, ‘Confusion reigns over race for premier’, Mail & Guardian, 22
November 1996, available at https://mg.co.za/article/1996-11-22-confusion-reigns -
over-race-for-premier (last accessed 17 September 2018).
23. Personal profile of Mosiuoa Lekota, available at http://www.armsdeal-vpo.co.za/special_items/profiles/profile_lekota.html (last accessed 17 September 2018).
24. Twala, ‘The demon of factionalism in an African National Congress (ANC)-led Free State Province (1994–2004)’.
25. Lodge, South African Politics Since 1994, p. 22.
26. Twala, ‘The demon of factionalism in an African National Congress (ANC)-led Free State Province (1994–2004)’.
27. Staff reporter, ‘Lekota’s nemesis goes to Parliament’, Mail & Guardian, 24 June 1997, available at https://mg.co.za/article/1997-06-24-lekotas-nemesis-goes-to-parliament (last accessed 17 September 2018).
28. Twala, ‘The demon of factionalism in an African National Congress (ANC)-led Free State Province (1994–2004)’.
29. Lodge, South African Politics Since 1994, p. 22.
30. Jonny Steinberg, ‘Magashule and allies sweep the floor in Free State ANC election’, Business Day, 24 August 1998, available at https://allafrica.com/stories/199808240103
.html (last accessed 17 September 2018).
31. Ibid.
32. Twala, ‘The demon of factionalism in an African National Congress (ANC)-led Free State Province (1994–2004)’.
33. Ibid.
34. Sapa, ‘ANC disbands split Free State executive’, IOL, 3 June 2000, available at https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/anc-disbands-split-free-state-executive-39408 (last accessed 17 September 2018).
35. Rapule Tabane, ‘Free State snubs ANC, elects Magashule’, IOL, 29 July 2002, available at https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/free-state-snubs-anc-elects-magashule-90529 (last accessed 17 September 2018).
CHAPTER 5: FREE STATE CAPTURE AND THE ‘CATTLE THIEF’
1. ‘From premier to scrub nurse’, City Press, 24 February 2013, available at https://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/From-premier-to-scrub-nurse-20150430
(last accessed 17 September 2018).
2. Sapa, ‘Marshoff names new Free State council’, IOL, 3 May 2004, available at https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/marshoff-names-new-free-state-council-211941
(last accessed 18 September 2018).
3. Ainsley Moos, ‘Staat gryp in vir swart boer’, Landbou Weekblad, 4 March 2005, available at
http://m24lbarg01.naspers.com/argief/berigte/landbouweekblad/2005/03/4/81/3.html (last accessed 18 September 2018).
4. Nico van Burick, ‘DA waarsku oor bevriesde projekte’, Landbou Weekblad, 25 June 2004, available at
http://m24lbarg01.naspers.com/argief/berigte/landbouweekblad/2004/06/25/89/3.html (last accessed 18 September 2018).
5. Sapa, ‘Parties question Free State reshuffle’, IOL, 7 August 2007, available at https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/parties-question-free-state-reshuffle-365355 (last accessed 18 September 2018).
6. ‘Marshoff axe hits top ANC man’, News24, 7 April 2005, available at https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Marshoff-axe-hits-top-ANC-man-20050407 (last accessed 18 September 2018).
7. Tabane, ‘Drive to finesse “Ace”’.
8. Adriaan Basson, ‘Bloem land price blows up’, Mail & Guardian, 1 June 2009, available at https://mg.co.za/article/2009-06-01-bloem-land-price-blows-up (last accessed 18 September 2018).
9. Sapa, ‘Parties question Free State reshuffle’.
10. Loyiso Sidimba, ‘R11m down the drain’, Sowetan, 9 January 2015.
CHAPTER 6: CRUSHING THE
SCORPIONS
1. Sibusiso Ngalwa, ‘Line-up of ANC’s would-be kingmakers’, IOL, 28 October 2007, available at https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/line-up-of-ancs-would-be-kingmakers-376681 (last accessed 19 September 2018).
2. Sapa, ‘Court action against F State ANC “counterrevolutionary”’, Mail & Guardian, 23 April 2007, available at https://mg.co.za/article/2007-04-23-court-action-against-f -
state-anc-counterrevolutionary (last accessed 19 September 2018).
3. Sapa, ‘F State ANC hits out at reports of split’, IOL, 29 April 2007, available at https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/f-state-anc-hits-out-at-reports-of-split-350676 (last accessed 19 September 2018).
4. Mayekiso and Others v Magashule and Others (2567/2008, 5614/2008) [2009]
ZAFSHC 31 (19 March 2009), available at
http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAFSHC/2009/31.html (last accessed 19 September 2018).
5. Ibid.
6. ‘Surprise support for Zuma’, News24, 25 November 2007, available at https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Surprise-support-for-Zuma-20071125
(last accessed 19 September 2018).
7. Charles Molele, ‘ANC delegates forced to cough up for Zuma’s defence’, Sunday Times, 27 July 2008, available at https://www.pressreader.com/southafrica/sunday -
times/20080727/281633891014018 (last accessed 19 September 2018).
8. Anna Majavu, ‘“Scorpions targeted Free State ANC leader”’, Sowetan, 22 December 2008, available at https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2008-12-22-scorpions-targeted -
free-state-anc-leader/ (last accessed 19 September 2018).
9. Andre Grobler, ‘Dissent and disgust at hearing on Scorpions’ future’, Mail &
Guardian, 14 August 2008, available at https://mg.co.za/article/2008-08-14-dissent -
and-disgust-at-hearing-on-scorpions-future (last accessed 19 September 2018).
10. ‘Scorpions officially disbanded’, News24, 30 January 2009, available at https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Scorpions-officially-disbanded-20090130
(last accessed 19 September 2018).
11. Mcebisi Ndletyana, ‘Congress of the People: A promise betrayed’, Journal of African Elections 9 (2): 32–55, available at
https://eisa.org.za/pdf/JAE9.2Ndletyana2.pdf (last accessed 20 September 2018), p. 48.
12. Sapa, ‘Free State “realigns” cabinet’, Mail & Guardian, 22 October 2008, available
at https://mg.co.za/article/2008-10-22-free-state-realigns-cabinet (last accessed 20
September 2018).
CHAPTER 7: THE ASSASSINATION OF NOBY NGOMBANE
1. Twala, ‘The demon of factionalism in an African National Congress (ANC)-led Free State Province (1994–2004)’.
2. Rapule Tabane, ‘Power behind Free State throne’, Mail & Guardian, 30 July 2004, available at https://mg.co.za/article/2004-07-30-power-behind-free-state-throne (last accessed 22 October 2018).
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. T. Geldenhuys, ‘Local business, government meet’, Netwerk24, 26 May 2015, available at https://www.netwerk24.c
om/ZA/Kroonnuus/Nuus/Local-business-government-meet -20150525 (last accessed 22 October 2018).
7. Sapa, ‘Top Free State official gunned down at home’, IOL, 23 March 2005, available at https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/top-free-state-official-gunned-down-at-home
-237091 (last accessed 22 October 2018).
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Rapule Tabane, ‘ANC hit by postpoll turmoil’, Mail & Guardian, 17 December 2004, available at https://mg.co.za/article/2004-12-17-anc-hit-by-postpoll-turmoil (last accessed 22 October 2018).
11. Sapa, ‘Cool reception for claims of political killing’, Mail & Guardian, 29 March 2005, available at https://mg.co.za/article/2005-03-29-cool-reception-for-claims-of-political -killing (last accessed 22 October 2018).
12. Ibid.
13. Matefu Mokoena, ‘Twist in ANC man murder’, City Press, 3 April 2005, available at https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Twist-in-ANC-man-murder-20050403
(last accessed 22 October 2018).
14. Andre Grobler, ‘More arrests expected in Ngombane murder case’, IOL, 22 July 2005, available at https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/more-arrests-expected-in-ngombane -murder-case-248849 (last accessed 22 October 2018).
15. Hopewell Radebe, ‘“No political motive” in ANC official’s killing’, Business Day, 22 July 2005.
16. Nomboniso Gasa, ‘We’re bound together by spilt blood’, City Press, 20 May 2018, available at https://www.news24.com/Columnists/GuestColumn/were-bound-together -
by-spilt-blood-20180520-3 (last accessed 22 October 2018).
17. Jimmy Seepe, ‘Slain ANC man insured for R20m’, City Press, 24 July 2005.
18. Ibid.
19. Sapa, ‘State working “nonstop” on Ngombane murder’, Mail & Guardian, 19
September 2005, available at https://mg.co.za/article/2005-09-19-state-working -
nonstop-on-ngombane-murder (last accessed 23 October 2018).
20. Julian Rademeyer, ‘Family furious as coffin dug up in bizarre search for gun’, Sunday Times, 16 October 2005.
21. Andre Grobler, ‘Ngombane murder: New facts may lead to acquittal’, Mail &
Guardian, 13 March 2006, available at https://mg.co.za/article/2006-03-13-ngombane -
murder-new-facts-may-lead-to-acquittal (last accessed 23 October 2018).
22. Sapa, ‘Prisoner claims to have been Ngombane hit man’, Mail & Guardian, 18 July 2007, available at https://mg.co.za/article/2007-07-18-prisoner-claims-to-have-been -
Gangster State Page 35