married and pregnant: Hopton billed the Privy Council for the stopover, “one supper and one dinner, fire, lodging and horseman there 7sh 15 d” (Notes and Queries, 8th series, 1895, p. 82).
“very fair room”: Notes and Queries, 7th series, 1886–91, p. 162.
for a servant: James A. Yorke, “A Chest from Cockfield Hall,” p. 84. The Tudor north wing of the house is still standing, along with the gatehouse and stables.
XXIV: WHILE I LIVED, YOURS
“do the cure”: Notes and Queries, 8th series, 1895, pp. 82, 233.
“is life everlasting”: Cotton Titus MS no. 107, ff. 124, 131.
to her suffering: It is, of course, impossible to know how much the deathbed scene owes to Katherine and how much to the writer. Katherine was the Protestant heir and it was important that she was remembered as noble and saintly.
for her family?: Cotton Titus MS no. 107, ff. 124, 131.
“sorrowful heart withal”: Ibid.
her own hands: Ibid.
following Katherine’s death: They were present in 1578 at Mary’s funeral.
way of explanation: Harris, Literary Remains, p. cxx.
“of that burial”: Notes and Queries, 8th series, 1895, pp. 82, 83.
“upon her grave”: Harris, Literary Remains, p. cxx.
her had not: Notes and Queries, 7th series, 1886–91, p. 161.
XXV: THE LAST SISTER
for Greenwich Palace: Not Lincolnshire, as stated by Evelyn Read in Catherine, Duchess of Suffolk.
“seven yards broad”: Read, Catherine, Duchess of Suffolk, p. 144; CSPD, Vol. I, pp. 294, 297.
for Mary’s health: Read, Catherine, Duchess of Suffolk, pp. 144, 145; CSPD, Vol. I, p. 297.
reluctant to take on: He was a friend and relation by marriage of William Cecil. Thomas Gresham’s sister-in-law had married Sir Nicholas Bacon, Cecil’s brother-in-law, and his illegitimate daughter Anne married Sir Nicholas’s son Nathaniel. Gresham was also a copatron of Hertford’s favorite poet, Thomas Churchyard.
Greek rhetorician Isocrates: The translations of Isocrates may have been inherited. King Edward had been presented with French translations of Isocrates in 1551, and a similar gift could have been made at the same time to Mary’s father or sister, Jane (Skidmore, Edward VI, p. 212). The Italian grammars may also refer to the book Michel Angelo Florio dedicated to Jane in 1553.
four Cavendish children: Mary Grey’s mother had been godmother to the firstborn, Frances, in 1548, Jane to the second in 1549—a little girl called Temperance who didn’t live long. Her father had been godparent to a son in the autumn of 1553 and Katherine to a daughter in 1555.
and execute them: Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmoreland.
“it the better”: Jackson, “Wulfhall and the Seymours,” p. 195.
“with his wife”: CSPD, Vol. I, p. 377, dated 7 May 1570, from Sandgate Castle.
the Lady Mary: Burgon, Sir Thomas Gresham, Vol. II, pp. 349, 350, 351.
Castle, Lord Cobham: Brother-in-law of William Parr, Marquess of Northampton.
Keyes’s old post: A fact that supports suggestions that Lord Burghley owed them a favor.
the news “grievously”: Burgon, Sir Thomas Gresham, Vol. II, pp. 409, 410.
especially proud of: Ibid., Vol. II, pp. 410, 444. Elizabeth visited the house in 1576 when a play was put on for her written by Thomas Churchyard.
“displeasure towards her”: CSPD, Vol. I, p. 425.
“his poor wife”: Ibid., p. 433.
“these three years”: Burgon, Sir Thomas Gresham, Vol. II, pp. 144–413.
“for so little”: Strickland, Tudor Princesses, p. 288.
Sir Nicholas Throckmorton: He had died of pneumonia in February the previous year at Leicester’s house.
XXVI: A RETURN TO ELIZABETH’S COURT
“my sister’s sake”: HMC Bath, Vol. IV, pp. 138, 139.
included Katherine Duport: Katherine Duport was probably one of the seven children of Mary’s executor Thomas Duport and his wife, Cornelia.
with a cover: Landsdowne 27, no. 31, ff. 60, 61.
“I would teach him”: HMC Bath, Vol. IV, pp. 141, 145, 146.
was a baby: Also important was Mary’s father’s cousin the Countess of Lincoln, raised at Beaumanor as Elizabeth Fitzgerald, and immortalized by the poet Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, as the “fair Geraldine.”
into her carriage: Landsdowne 27, no. 31, ff. 60, 61.
Elizabeth’s religious settlement: Written by the London clergymen John Field and Thomas Wilcox.
on God’s “Elect”: In 1579, Knewstub was given the living of Cockfield in Suffolk where Katherine Grey was buried—and would be buried there himself. In 1604, he spoke at the Hampton Court Conference in favor of Puritan ideas (CSPD, Vol. I, p. 591).
lock and key: It is possible that Thomas Keyes had a son or nephew who was also later welcomed back at court. There is an intriguing list of “Presents at Richmond” in HMC Salisbury, Vol. II, dated 20 November 1578. Various people gave food, including Hertford and Stokes, but also one Thomas Keyes gave “a cock of the kitchen, a pullet in grease, one woodcock, 6 plovers, 4 snipes and twelve larks.”
room on wires: Simon Thurley, Hampton Court, pp. 86, 87.
the Virgin Mary: The idea of the exceptional woman, uniquely qualified to rule, was always evident in treatment of the Virgin Mary, the Queen of Heaven, who became a mother despite also being a virgin, and alone among the human race was born without the taint of original sin. It is notable also that on earth while successful male rulers were considered exceptional among men, successful female rulers were and still are judged exceptional to women.
guard against plague: Harley 611, f. 1A.
and Lincolnshire esquires: A brass in Shepshed Church commemorates Thomas Duport. His estate in Shepshed consisted of “the manor of Shepshed and 40 messuages, 2 watermills, 3 dove houses, 30 gardens, 500 acres of land, 100 of meadow, 200 of pasture, 200 of wood, 300 of furze and heath, 100 of alders and 13/-rent in Shepshed, Thorp, Long Whatton, Hemington and Charnwood and common of pasture in Charnwood Forest” (see the Rev. Harold Mack, “Shepshed Parish Church,” 1947). I suspect that Edward Hall is the same Mr. Hall with whom Burghley’s errant son Thomas was staying on 25 September 1578, at Grantham on his way to stay with Katherine Suffolk (HMC Salisbury, Vol. II, p. 227). He must also have been related to John Hall, the executor to Mary’s uncle Henry Willoughby in 1549, whose son Joseph became Bishop of Norwich (HMC Middleton, p. 396).
“think most meet”: Landsdowne 27, reel 10, 31.
in Westminster Abbey: Mary’s burial place is mentioned in Westminster Abbey Muniment 6406 and in William Camden’s guide to the abbey printed in 1600.
the Earl of Kent: I would like to thank Robert Yorke, Archivist at the College of Arms, for his patient, kind, and helpful support in this.
married in 1565: See MS Dethick’s Funerals, Vol. 2: f. 455 recto: things to be prepared; f. 455 verso: fees appertaining; f. 502 verso: rough scheme of procession; f. 503 recto: list of mourners; f. 503 verso: continuation of above (12 poor women only); f. 517 recto and verso: list of mourners; MS R.20; f. 429 recto: list of mourners.
XXVII: KATHERINE’S SONS AND THE DEATH OF ELIZABETH
away from her: More literally “the burdensome female companion of a beggar” (HMC Bath, Vol. IV, pp. 190–93).
“applied to me”: Ibid.
Howard of Effingham: There had been no reason for her to prevent Hertford’s remarriage earlier, except spite.
“is pure wind”: Demosthenes: “All speech is vain and empty unless it be accompanied by action.”
twenty-three yards long: Nichols, The Progresses and Public Processions of Queen Elizabeth, Vol. II, pp. 2, 3.
mark of respect: Ibid., p. 5.
called Ludwig’s angina: For more on this see de Lisle, After Elizabeth.
“worthy to be a king”: De Lisle, After Elizabeth, p. 113.
XXVIII: STANDING AT
KING HENRY’S OPENED TOMB
without royal permission: Rather like his uncle Thomas, who had died in 1600, William was the younger but also the more ambitious brother. Unlike Thomas, he outlived his elder brother, Edward Seymour.
done in 1568: The history of depression and associated weight loss, or possible eating disorders, is striking among female descendants of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Mary Tudor, like Jane Grey, was notably thin, and her false pregnancies could have had psychiatric origins. Queen Elizabeth and Mary Queen of Scots both also suffered depressive episodes; Elizabeth would stop eating when she was unhappy, Katherine Suffolk reported that Mary Grey also stopped eating while depressed.
age of eighty two: He had married twice since Katherine’s death. Frances Howard died without issue in 1598, and three years later he had married a young and beautiful widow called Frances Pranell, with whom he had been unhappy.
with her husband: Katherine’s viscera remain at Yoxford, where the spot was marked until the nineteenth century with a black stone.
“Here rest together”: “Ned” Hertford was remembered in the inscription as “An ardent champion of religion” and Katherine as “A woman of exceptional quality, of honour, piety, beauty, and constancy, The best and most illustrious not only of her own but every age.” Katherine’s first husband, Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, the man who had accused her of being a whore, was also buried in the cathedral, but has no monument.
“am come here”: Robert Partridge, “O Horrable Murder,” p. 91.
from Charles I: Jackson, “Wulfhall and the Seymours,” p. 163.
EPILOGUE
a virgin sacrifice: Nancy Mitford, writing to Evelyn Waugh, confessed that the image of Jane on the scaffold was the object of a lifelong sexual fantasy: “I used to masturbate whenever I thought about Lady Jane Grey, so I thought about her almost continually and even executed a fine watercolour of her on the scaffold which my mother still has, framed and in which Lady Jane and her ladies-in-waiting all wear watches hanging from enamel bows as my mother did at the time … I still get quite excited when I think of Lady Jane (less and less often as the years roll on),” The Letters of Nancy Mitford, edited by Charlotte Mosley, p. 259.
twenty-first-century biographer: Faith Cook, Lady Jane Grey, published in 2005.
as tragic lovers: The ballad was printed by John Tisdale in 1560, 1562, and 1563.
her exquisite purity: Cook, Lady Jane Grey, p. 21.
described as beautiful: The comment on Jane’s “not admirable” features appears in Francis Godwin’s Annals of England. In the 1630 translation it is on page 264.
“in domestic life”: Strickland, Tudor Princesses, p. 94.
“determined opportunism”: Cook, Lady Jane Grey, p. 21.
Katherine and Hertford: For example, see Catherine Grey by G. Linley, a play written in the nineteenth century (BL Add MSS 42942: 6).
Elizabeth’s mental toughness: R. Bakan, “Queen Elizabeth I: a case of testicular feminisation?,” Medical Hypotheses, July 1985. A few years later, in 1992, the Sally Potter film Orlando saw the part of Elizabeth played by a man, Quentin Crisp.
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